Deque University Quiz

As long as a group label is programmatically associated with the group of fields it labels, its location in the DOM does not matter. A. True B. False

B. False

Automated testing should only be conducted during the testing phase of the development lifecycle. A. True B. False

B. False

Background videos that autoplay are not required to stop playing after 5 seconds. A. True B. False

B. False

CSS-generated content is universally supported by screen readers, and is recommended for use. A. True B. False

B. False

Color must never be used in labels. A. True B. False

B. False

Color-coded text is accessible by default to screen reader users, because screen readers always automatically announce change in color. A. True B. False

B. False

Complex tables with merged cells are easy for screen readers to understand, as long as the table has all the necessary accessible markup. A. True B. False

B. False

Dragon provides support for nearly 100% of ARIA attributes. A. True B. False

B. False

Enhanced visual hover indicators help users who can only navigate websites with a keyboard. A. True B. False

B. False

For screen reader users, the reading order and focus order are always the same thing. A. True B. False

B. False

From an accessibility perspective, focusing on a form element must not cause a change of context, but context changes may occur when a user hovers over a form element. A. True B. False

B. False

Giving a screen-reader only method for skipping past scrolling content is an acceptable method for implementing infinite scrolling accessibly. A. True B. False

B. False

Icons must not be used as labels. A. True B. False

B. False

The correct language code for German web content is: A. lang="en" B. lang="German" C. lang="german" D. lang="deutch" E. lang="de" F. lang="d"

E. lang="de"

Which screen readers are available for Windows? (Select all that apply) A. JAWS B. VoiceOver C. TalkBack D. NVDA E. Window-Eyes F. C and D G. A, D, and E

G. A, D, and E

When using TalkBack, how do you activate a link or a button? A. Swipe right B. Swipe left C. Swipe down D. Swipe up E. Tap on the link or button F. Double tap on the link or button G. Double tap the screen anywhere H. Say "OK Google, activate" I. Not available in TalkBack

G. Double tap the screen anywhere

Designing for edge cases is a more inclusive design approach than designing for the statistical normal distribution of users. A. True B. False

A. True

It is acceptable for audio content that auto-starts on a web page to play for up to: A. 3 seconds B. 5 seconds C. 10 seconds D. It never acceptable for audio to auto-start on a web page

A. 3 seconds

The contrast ratio for UI component boundaries must be at least: A. 3 to 1 B. 2.5 to 1 C. 5 to 1 D. 4.5 to 1

A. 3 to 1

The contrast ratio for visual focus indicators must be at least: A. 3 to 1 B. 4.5 to 1 C. 4 to 1 D. 3.5 to 1

A. 3 to 1

Which of the following methods can NOT be used to associate a group label with the fields it labels? A. <fieldset> and <label> B. <fieldset> and <legend> C. Nested fieldsets to denote groups within groups D. role="group" and aria-labelledby

A. <fieldset> and <label>

Which of the following items will be focusable with the tab key? A. A <span> element with tabindex="0" B. A <div> element with tabindex="-1" C. An ARIA link created as follows: <span role="link">

A. A <span> element with tabindex="0"

Which of the following is a recommended way to emphasize text accessibly for screen reader users? A. Add a graphic element with "Important" as its alt text B. Use all capital letters C. Increase the font size D. Add class="important" to the text E. Style the text using <em>

A. Add a graphic element with "Important" as its alt text

When assigning alternative text to actionable icon fonts (buttons or links), which technique is most effective? A. Add aria-label to the button or link B. Add hidden text within the button or link using CSS clip assigned to the surrounding span element C. Add text to an alt attribute in the surrounding span element.

A. Add aria-label to the button or link

Who is directly affected by the laws of Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act in addition to the U.S. federal government? A. All organizations that do business with the federal government B. Everyone seeking to make technologies accessible to people with disabilities C. Anyone who uses the Internet D. All U.S. citizens

A. All organizations that do business with the federal government

Designing web sites to benefit people with disabilities: A. Also benefits other users of all kinds B. Helps only a small minority of people C. Is extremely difficult to learn how to do, and should be left only to experienced professionals

A. Also benefits other users of all kinds

Which of the following would be the best <title> for a page describing the autocorrect features of a software product called "Tri-coil" by a company named "Bob's Brilliant Software? A. Autocorrect features in Tri-coil, by Bob's Brilliant Software B. Bob's Brilliant Software: Tri-coil - autocorrect features C. Features D. All of the above are equally good

A. Autocorrect features in Tri-coil, by Bob's Brilliant Software

Designing for people with disabilities has collateral benefits for all users. A. True B. False

A. True

Which screen reader mode in NVDA allows users to type "H" to go to the next heading? A. Browse or document mode B. Focus mode C. Application mode D. Forms mode E. Table navigation mode F. Scan mode G. Virtual cursor

A. Browse or document mode

Which browser is recommended for use with JAWS? A. Chrome B. Opera C. Firefox D. Safari E. Edge

A. Chrome

Which browser is recommended for use with TalkBack? A. Chrome B. Opera C. Firefox D. Facebook E. Internet

A. Chrome

The Americans with Disabilities Act is an example of which type of accessibility law? A. Civil rights law B. Procurement law C. Industry-specific law D. Administrative law E. Constitutional law

A. Civil rights law

When using NVDA, how do you navigate to the next landmark region? A. D B. Ctrl + Alt + L C. Ctrl + Shift D D. Caps lock + L E. Insert + R F. R G. Not available in NVDA

A. D

When using Narrator, how do you navigate to the next landmark region (when in scan mode)? A. D B. Ctrl + Alt + L C. Ctrl + Shift D D. Caps lock + L E. Insert + R F. R G. Not available in Narrator

A. D

To be compliant, captions for videos must include all of the following except: A. Description of visual content B. Narration and dialog C. Identity of multiple speakers D. Important sound effects

A. Description of visual content

Which of the following elements allow screen readers to quickly "glance" at the structure of the topics and text content in a web page? A. Headings B. Lists C. Graphics D. Tables

A. Headings

If an <iframe> contains only JavaScript that is not meant to be read by the user, what is the best way to address this <iframe> in terms of accessibility? A. Hide it from screen reader users with aria-hidden="true" B. Hide it with display:none in the CSS C. add aria-describedby="JavaScript only"

A. Hide it from screen reader users with aria-hidden="true"

What should be done to an <img> element to increase screen reader compatibility when an SVG is used as its source? A. It should be assigned role="img". B. It should be assigned role="region". C. It should be assigned role="presentation". D. Nothing should be done to the <img> element.

A. It should be assigned role="img".

What happens in JAWS when you type the letter "G" when the focus is on a text input, and when JAWS is in forms mode?. A. JAWS says "G" out loud, and the letter "G" is typed in the text field B. JAWS navigates to the next graphic C. Nothing D. JAWS types a smiley face in the text field E. JAWS enters into Graphics Mode.

A. JAWS says "G" out loud, and the letter "G" is typed in the text field

Which type of ARIA roles are used to convey the layout of a web page? A. Landmark roles B. Abstract roles C. Pseudo HTML roles. D. Widget roles

A. Landmark roles

All of the following are true about skip links, except: A. Must be placed just before the main navigation menu B. Must be accessible to keyboard-only users C. Must be accessible to screen reader users D. Must become visible upon receiving focus, if hidden

A. Must be placed just before the main navigation menu

What is the recommended maximum number of main focus areas on a web page? A. One B. Two C. Three D. Any number is acceptable as long as they are designed well

A. One

Remediation for all accessibility issues should be: A. Prioritized according to factors such as impact, severity, frequency, etc. B. Made top priority for all staff until the issues are resolved C. Performed by contractors D. Completed before the application is released

A. Prioritized according to factors such as impact, severity, frequency, etc.

The procurement laws Section 508 (U.S.) and EN 301 549 (Europe) apply to the procurement of information and communication technology by: A. Public entities B. Private entities C. Domestic entities D. All of the above

A. Public entities

When using JAWS, how do you navigate to the next landmark region? A. R B. Ctrl + Alt + L C. Ctrl + Shift R D. Caps lock + L E. Insert + R F. L G. Not available in JAWS

A. R

Group labels must be available to all users — sighted and non-sighted alike. A. True B. False

A. True

If a <canvas> element does not specify the background color, when a user enters into Windows High Contrast Mode, the background color of the image will change along with the color of the web page as a whole. A. True B. False

A. True

Why is it important that alternative text not exceed about 150 characters? (Select the best answer.) A. Screen readers do not treat alternative text like they treat regular text in an HTML document. B. Because all it takes is 150 characters to accurately describe an image. C. If alternative text is longer than 150 characters, the user becomes bored listening to the image description. D. It is not important. Alternative text can exceed 150 characters if that is needed to describe an image.

A. Screen readers do not treat alternative text like they treat regular text in an HTML document.

How do screen readers treat columns of text created by two floating <div> elements side by side? A. Screen readers read each column one at a time, starting with the column that appears first in the DOM B. Screen readers can't read columns C. Screen readers read the first line of column 1, followed by the first line of column 2, followed by the second line of column 1, followed by the second line of column 2, and so on. D. Screen readers read only the first column

A. Screen readers read each column one at a time, starting with the column that appears first in the DOM

When using VoiceOver in iOS, how do you navigate to the next item? A. Swipe left to right B. Swipe right to left C. Swipe down D. Swipe up E. Double tap the screen F. Say "Siri, go to next item" G. Not available in VoiceOver for iOS

A. Swipe left to right

When using TalkBack, how do you navigate to the next item? A. Swipe right B. Swipe left C. Swipe down D. Swipe up E. Double tap the screen F. Say "OK Google, go to next item" G. Not available in TalkBack

A. Swipe right

The benefits of interactive transcripts include: A. The ability to search and navigate videos by selecting text in the transcript B. Increased accessibility for people with low vision C. The ability to provide captions in multiple languages D. Greater clarity for people with vestibular disorders

A. The ability to search and navigate videos by selecting text in the transcript

What should be the logical progression of the focus when a person opens and then closes an ARIA dialog? A. The focus should go to the dialog, then back to the original button that opened the dialog. B. The focus should go to the dialog, then back to the top of the original web page. C. The focus should go to the top of the page, then to the dialog, then back to the top of the page. D. The focus should go to dialog, then back to the browser address bar.

A. The focus should go to the dialog, then back to the original button that opened the dialog.

The most important consideration for designing web content for someone with motor disabilities is the inability to use: A. The hands B. The legs C. The eyes D. The mouth

A. The hands

People who are deafblind access video and audio through: A. Transcripts B. Captions C. Audio Description D. None of the above

A. Transcripts

(Deprecated) The concept of robust technology compatibility is to support compatibility of web content with current and future user agents — especially assistive technologies. A. True B. False

A. True

ARIA live announcements are an effective way to notify users of new content without moving the user's focus. A. True B. False

A. True

ARIA was invented to increase screen reader accessibility, especially for interactive scripts. A. True B. False

A. True

About a third of accessibility problems can be found through automated testing. A. True B. False

A. True

An inactive dialog box that is not visible to sighted users must be hidden from blind users to give them an equivalent experience. A. True B. False

A. True

Analyzing specific page content like images, forms, tables, and widgets should be included in the scope of the evaluation. A. True B. False

A. True

Anything that invites and posts user input is an authoring tool. A. True B. False

A. True

Assigning role="application" to a region disables most screen reader keystrokes within the region to allow developers to create custom keystrokes. A. True B. False

A. True

Background videos that contain more than just decorative content must be fully accessible with captions, transcript, and audio descriptions, as appropriate. A. True B. False

A. True

Changes in context can inhibit accessibility when those changes happen automatically and users aren't allowed to request the changes in context. A. True B. False

A. True

Custom JavaScript gesture events on web pages will probably not work when a touch device screen reader is turned on. A. True B. False

A. True

Custom form elements should be modeled after native HTML form elements. A. True B. False

A. True

If refreshing page content is important for a web site, it is recommended that users be notified that new content is available using a dialog or an ARIA alert message depending on the urgency of the update. A. True B. False

A. True

If you code a widget to be fully keyboard-accessible when using the arrow keys, touch devices users (without keyboards) will still not be able to use the widget, in most cases. A. True B. False

A. True

In a multimedia or audio-only presentation, background audio should be at least 20 decibels lower than (about 4 times quieter than) primary speech or sounds. A. True B. False

A. True

Infinite scrolling may prevent a user from accessing information that comes after the infinite scrolling area. A. True B. False

A. True

Interactive SVG objects must be fully keyboard accessible. A. True B. False

A. True

It is best to use actual HTML elements instead of pseudo HTML roles so developers don't always have to create functionality for elements by using JavaScript. A. True B. False

A. True

Links must be visually distinguishable from the surrounding non-link text A. True B. False

A. True

Links on the same page that go to the same destination should have the same text within the link. A. True B. False

A. True

Non-focusable text (e.g., regular paragraphs, <div> elements, headings, etc.) are not available to NVDA users in focus mode. A. True B. False

A. True

On a so-called single-page application — in which AJAX is used to bring in new content without refreshing or loading the entire web page — any time that the URL changes, the page title should be updated accordingly. A. True B. False

A. True

Parallax effects refer to the effect of some elements on a page moving in a different direction or at a different rate than other elements. A. True B. False

A. True

Providing documents in HTML format is preferred over non-HTML documents because of the accessibility features available in HTML. A. True B. False

A. True

Screen reader users sometimes explore forms by navigating through all the form fields before filling any of them out, to give them a better sense of what the form is like. A. True B. False

A. True

Screen readers can output to either audio or Braille. A. True B. False

A. True

Screen readers will announce the number of items in a bulleted list if the list is marked up properly. A. True B. False

A. True

Screen readers will read the alt text of an image within a heading as part of the heading text. A. True B. False

A. True

Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act (U.S. procurement law) explicitly covers online content. A. True B. False

A. True

Sign language interpretation is helpful for deaf people who are more fluent in sign language than written language. A. True B. False

A. True

Since plain text is non-focusable, text such as instructions or formatting hints should not be placed in the middle of a form unless the text is programmatically associated with a focusable element. A. True B. False

A. True

Text in SVG images retains its crispness and legibility when magnified. A. True B. False

A. True

The ARIA live region must be present on the page and must be empty before inserting the content to be announced. A. True B. False

A. True

The accessibility design and development principles for speech recognition users are largely the same as those for keyboard-only and screen reader users. A. True B. False

A. True

The advantage of advanced caption file formats over basic file formats is that advanced formats support greater flexibility in styling captions to meet user needs. A. True B. False

A. True

The alt text for an image of a painting can direct users to a longer description of the painting. A. True B. False

A. True

The basic keyboard commands for interacting with HTML form controls are common across all screen reader / browser combinations. A. True B. False

A. True

The more developers incorporate automated accessibility testing into the build/creation phase, the more confident they will be in addressing accessibility issues. A. True B. False

A. True

The spacing between paragraphs should be at least 1.5 times the line spacing. A. True B. False

A. True

To provide accessible content for deafblind users, you must ensure that everything is available in a machine-readable text format. A. True B. False

A. True

Transcripts are the only way people who are deafblind can access multimedia (audio and video) content. A. True B. False

A. True

True or false: HTML 5 video players have made the need for custom plugins to view online video practically obsolete. A. True B. False

A. True

True or false: Regions like aria-live and role="alert" can be used to convey success messages as long as success messages aren't hidden from visual users. A. True B. False

A. True

VoiceOver on OSX does not differentiate between document/browse mode and focus mode A. True B. False

A. True

When one visible label is used to label multiple fields, such as the three parts of a telephone number, each individual field must have a screen reader accessible label. A. True B. False

A. True

You can create a website that complies fully with the WCAG accessibility guidelines, but which is not fully accessible. A. True B. False

A. True

What will a screen reader say when it comes across code marked as follows? <p>Twin mattress <del>$300</del> <ins>$250</ins>!</p> A. Twin mattress $300 $250! B. Twin mattress deleted $300, inserted $250! C. Twin mattress was $300, now $250!

A. Twin mattress $300 $250!

The correct way to designate a navigation list as a navigation landmark is: A. Wrap the navigation list in a <nav> container or in a container marked with role="navigation" B. Set role="navigation" on every link in the navigation list, or wrap each link in <nav> elements C. There is no need to add anything to the markup. Screen readers automatically detect navigation lists and announce them to users D. Wrap the navigation list in a <navlist> container

A. Wrap the navigation list in a <nav> container or in a container marked with role="navigation"

One of the main ways to make an <iframe> accessible is to add: A. a title attribute B. an alt attribute C. a name attribute D. a <title> element E. tabindex="0" F. a <label> element

A. a title attribute

Which of the following is NOT an acceptable visual focus indicator style? A. a:focus {outline: 0;} B. a:focus {outline: red 2px solid;} C. button:focus {color: #fff; background: #000; outline: yellow 1px solid} D. [role=link] {outline: red 2px solid;} E. input[type=text] {border: red 1px dotted blue}

A. a:focus {outline: 0;}

When moving focus to an element that is not focusable, it is important to include which one of the following attributes on the container: A. tabindex="-1" B. tabindex="0" C. tabindex="1" D. aria-focus="true"

A. tabindex="-1"

It is acceptable for content to flash up to how many times per second? A. 1 time B. 3 times C. 7 times D. It is never acceptable for content to flash on a web page

B. 3 times

If a page has 3 headings, and an <iframe>, and if the page within the <iframe> has 2 headings, how many headings total will show up in the screen reader's list of headings on the parent page? A. 3 B. 5 C. 7 D. 13

B. 5

What might happen if an aria-live announcement is tied to a blur event in a form? A. A screen reader might read the announcement after it reads the next item in focus B. A screen reader user might miss the announcement because the announcement competes with the screen reader reading the next item in focus C. The aria-live announcement might be made before the screen reader reads the next item in focus D. None of the above

B. A screen reader user might miss the announcement because the announcement competes with the screen reader reading the next item in focus

What does an "accessibility first" mindset mean, with respect to website and app development? A. Accessibility is the number one most important consideration, above everything else. B. Accessibility should be incorporated from the very start of the project all the way to the end. C. The project budget should prioritize accessibility before any other elements. D. Problems related to accessibility should always be fixed first, before any other problems.

B. Accessibility should be incorporated from the very start of the project all the way to the end.

Accessibility is best approached as: A. A one-time project with a defined end date B. An ongoing program that requires constant commitment C. A legal hassle

B. An ongoing program that requires constant commitment

If the tab order is not correct, the best way to fix it is to: A. Use tabindex (e.g. tabindex="1", tabindex="1", etc.) B. Arrange the order of the elements in the DOM to match the intended tab order. C. Use JavaScript to detect onblur events and send the focus to the correct element. D. Let the user customize the tab order

B. Arrange the order of the elements in the DOM to match the intended tab order.

Vestibular disorders affect a person's: A. Reading comprehension B. Balance C. Ability to perceive some colors D. Ability to use a mouse

B. Balance

Which of following methods can be used to add programmatically discernible alternative text to an informative background image? A. CSS visibility:hidden on <span> B. CSS clip on <span> C. CSS display:none on <span> D. aria-label on <span>

B. CSS clip on <span>

When using VoiceOver in macOS, which of the following methods can NOT be used to navigate by headings? A. Ctrl + Option + Command + H B. Caps lock + H C. Pull up the rotor, then use the left/right arrow keys to show the list of headings, then select the heading with the down arrow key

B. Caps lock + H

All of the following are best practices for captions EXCEPT: A. Caption should not exceed three lines on the screen at one time B. Captions should be uppercase C. The default font size for captions should be at least 22pt D. The last caption frame should be removed from the screen during long silent intervals

B. Captions should be uppercase

(Deprecated) Which of the following is NOT considered an aspect of well-formed markup? A. Elements are properly nested. B. Content has been spell-checked. C. All id attributes are unique. D. Elements do not contain duplicate attributes.

B. Content has been spell-checked.

The alternative text for an image used as a form input must: A. Describe the location of the image. B. Convey the functionality or end result of the form input. C. Describe the look of the input. D. An image used as an input is a decorative image, so it does not need a text alternative.

B. Convey the functionality or end result of the form input.

When using VoiceOver in macOS, how do you pull up the rotor? A. R B. Ctrl + Option + U C. Insert + F7 D. Ctrl + Shift F7 E. Caps lock + F3 F. Shift + F3 G. U H. Not available in VoiceOver in macOS

B. Ctrl + Option + U

The first step to conducting web accessibility testing is: A. Run automated tests B. Define the scope of the test C. Conduct manual testing D. Plan for remediation of accessibility issues E. Conduct regression testing

B. Define the scope of the test

The purpose of ARIA roles is to: A. Provide the name of the element. B. Define what the element is. C. Identify the state of the element. D. None of the above.

B. Define what the element is.

Who is directly affected by the Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act (AODA)? A. All citizens of Canada B. Every person and organization in the Province of Ontario who provides goods, services, facilities, or employment C. U.S. citizens visiting the Province of Ontario D. Anyone who uses the Internet

B. Every person and organization in the Province of Ontario who provides goods, services, facilities, or employment

A PDF document must be untagged in order for screen reader users to access the document. A. True B. False

B. False

A safe keystroke to use for custom keyboard functionality on web pages is the "H" key. A. True B. False

B. False

A text label for a form input should never be placed adjacent to that text input. A. True B. False

B. False

ARIA is a programming language that communicates information like names, roles, and values to screen readers. A. True B. False

B. False

ARIA live announcements should be used to announce the time left on a countdown timer every time the visible time remaining changes. A. True B. False

B. False

Adding text within a <canvas> element or in an alt attribute on the element are both ways of adding alternative text to <canvas> elements. A. True B. False

B. False

Adding the ARIA attribute aria-required="true" tells every user that a form input is required. A. True B. False

B. False

All browsers use the same accessibility API. A. True B. False

B. False

Alternative text for <video> and <audio> elements can be provided using the alt attribute. A. True B. False

B. False

If a long description of a complex image is provided using the longdesc attribute, both sighted users and screen reader users can access the description. A. True B. False

B. False

If error messages used in form validation are conveyed through a screen reader, then they do not need to be visible. A. True B. False

B. False

If the <area> elements of an image map have alternative text, then alternative text does not need to be provided for the main <img> element. A. True B. False

B. False

Images of text are as accessible as regular text in a web page. A. True B. False

B. False

In a multimedia or audio-only presentation, background sounds during dialog MUST be eliminated. A. True B. False

B. False

In terms of accessibility, if error messages are programmatically associated with their form inputs, then providing visible error messages for form inputs is optional. A. True B. False

B. False

In their default settings, most screen readers announce every comma and every period. A. True B. False

B. False

Interstitial views are intended to be temporary and therefore it is not required to make screen reader users aware of their presence. A. True B. False

B. False

It's a good idea to create two versions of a website, the standard one and the accessible one. A. True B. False

B. False

Layout tables are not permitted by WCAG standards. A. True B. False

B. False

Links can be the same color as the surrounding non-link text as long as an underline appears on mouse hover and on keyboard focus. A. True B. False

B. False

Media players MUST provide the ability to turn on and off all accessibility features such as captions, transcripts, and audio descriptions. A. True B. False

B. False

Open captions (rather than closed captions) are a good choice to accommodate all users. A. True B. False

B. False

Paragraph text should be full justified because the neat edges are less distracting for people with reading disorders. A. True B. False

B. False

Providing alternative text for an image that communicates information using color alone is sufficient in communicating that information to users. A. True B. False

B. False

Screen reader users usually navigate pages by listening to the entire page being read from start to finish. A. True B. False

B. False

Screen readers automatically notify users when a web page implements custom keystrokes. A. True B. False

B. False

Screen readers can identify the current location within a navigation menu based on the visual styles. A. True B. False

B. False

Screen readers do not read nested lists (lists within lists) properly. A. True B. False

B. False

Screen readers will recognize the following code as a list:<p>1. First item<br>2. Second item<br>3. Third item</p> A. True B. False

B. False

Sighted keyboard users can navigate by headings, landmarks, and other semantic features, just like blind screen reader users. A. True B. False

B. False

Testing all of the pages of a web site may not be easy or practical, but it has to be done to ensure an adequately compliant site. A. True B. False

B. False

Testing with screen readers is recommended, but is not required, if automated accessibility tests are performed prior to launching web content. A. True B. False

B. False

The Americans with Disabilities Act (U.S. civil rights law) explicitly covers online content. A. True B. False

B. False

The best way to fix focus order problems is to use tabindex values greater than 1. A. True B. False

B. False

The default mode for most screen readers is forms mode. A. True B. False

B. False

The design-centric approach to accessibility focuses on a person's limitations. A. True B. False

B. False

The difference between aria-live="assertive" and aria-live="polite" is that aria-live="assertive" waits for a screen reader to finish its current statement before announcing new content. A. True B. False

B. False

The line spacing within a paragraph of text should be at least 2.0. A. True B. False

B. False

The only way a screen reader can read non-focusable content (e.g., paragraphs, headings, div elements, etc.) is to start at the beginning of the page and let the screen reader read everything on the page from beginning to end. A. True B. False

B. False

The purpose of links must always be conveyed through the link text itself. A. True B. False

B. False

There are no authoring tool guidelines for accessibility. A. True B. False

B. False

To make a <canvas> element keyboard focusable, use tabindex="1" on the <canvas> element. A. True B. False

B. False

Transcripts must be provided on the same page as their corresponding media file. A. True B. False

B. False

Users MUST be able to customize the font face, size, and color of captions. A. True B. False

B. False

Using distinct colors only for hover and focus on links are enough to distinguish links from normal text. A. True B. False

B. False

Using the accessibility API for Silverlight and Flash makes them accessible across all screen readers. A. True B. False

B. False

WCAG 2.0 level AA requires headings to be in a valid hierarchy under all circumstances. A heading 4 (<h4>) cannot directly follow a heading 2 (<h2>), for example. The next subheading under the heading 2 (<h2>) MUST be a heading 3 (<h3>). A. True B. False

B. False

WCAG provides extensive and detailed guidelines for designing for users with cognitive disabilities. A. True B. False

B. False

When a user allows a session to time out, it is not necessary to save data because the user would have extended the session if they intended to continue. A. True B. False

B. False

When basic Dragon voice commands do not work on a web page, an alternate method that can be used to interact with page content is called "Voice Grid." A. True B. False

B. False

When designing accessible solutions, it's helpful to think of disabilities as binary; either they are there or not there. A. True B. False

B. False

When high contrast is activated on an operating system, a user cannot choose to have the high contrast theme override the styling of a web page. A. True B. False

B. False

When multiple visible labels are used to label one field, the best attribute to associate each label with the field is aria-label. A. True B. False

B. False

When reading the number 300, if you hear VoiceOver say "Three zero zero" instead of "Three hundred", it means you need to fix the way you wrote the number. A. True B. False

B. False

You can customize web content to screen reader users by detecting which screen reader they're using. A. True B. False

B. False

aria-label and aria-labelledby consistently work for labelling non-semantic elements such as <div> and <span>. A. True B. False

B. False

aria-live="assertive" always gives screen reader users updates, while aria-live="polite" asks the user if they would like updates. A. True B. False

B. False

Avoid layouts and sizing which cause: A. Rotating images B. Horizontal scrolling C. Vertical scrolling D. All of the above

B. Horizontal scrolling

When is the best time to start working to make a design accessible? A. At the end of a project B. In the early stages of planning C. A little bit at a time throughout the project

B. In the early stages of planning

What must be done to the <canvas> element if it is used to present an image? A. It must be assigned ARIA role="presentation". B. It must be assigned ARIA role="img". C. Nothing needs to be done to the element. D. It must have an alt attribute.

B. It must be assigned ARIA role="img".

Under most circumstances, the WCAG level most commonly set as the minimum goal is: A. Level A B. Level AA C. Level AAA

B. Level AA

All of the following statements are true, except: A. Users should be warned if a link opens a new window. B. Link text should include words like "link" or "click" so screen reader users know it is a link. C. For images used as links, the alternative text for the image functions as link text for screen reader users. D. Links with the same text should go to the same place.

B. Link text should include words like "link" or "click" so screen reader users know it is a link.

The mouse cursor becomes a hand pointer when the mouse cursor hovers over which of the following native HTML elements? A. Buttons B. Links C. Text fields D. A and B

B. Links

Which of the following methods for notifying users of new content does not require JavaScript? A. Moving focus within a page or to another element such as a dialog B. Loading or reloading a page C. ARIA live announcements D. All methods require JavaScript

B. Loading or reloading a page

In Table Navigation Mode, users can: A. Navigate table by table B. Navigate between cells in a table C. Generate a list of tables D. None of the above

B. Navigate between cells in a table

Do screen readers notify users about the visual placement of items on the page (e.g., explaining columns of text, or floating items with wrapping text) A. Yes B. No

B. No

The correct location to identify the main language of an entire page is: A. On the <!doctype> element B. On the <html> element C. On the <body> element D. In a <meta> element in the <head> of the document E. On every block level element in the content

B. On the <html> element

While portions of a page are still loading (lazy loading): A. Screen Readers should announce every time new content has loaded. B. Placeholders for content that is still loading should inform users the content is being loaded. C. Newly loaded content should receive screen reader focus. D. None of the above; this technique should be avoided.

B. Placeholders for content that is still loading should inform users the content is being loaded.

A page with 47 landmarks: A. Shows a high level of dedication to accessibility best practices B. Probably has too many landmarks to be optimally useful to screen reader users C. Demonstrates the popularity of the web page D. Is using deprecated markup, and should be updated with more modern methods

B. Probably has too many landmarks to be optimally useful to screen reader users

EN 301 549 is an example of which type of accessibility law? A. Civil rights law B. Procurement law C. Industry-specific law D. Administrative law E. Constitutional law

B. Procurement law

Which of the following methods does NOT programmatically associate form instructions with their associated fields? A. Using aria-describedby on the <input> element B. Providing instructions in regular text nearby the <input> element C. Placing instructions in the <label> element D. Placing instructions for a group of fields in the legend

B. Providing instructions in regular text nearby the <input> element

Which categories of fonts are acceptable general-purpose fonts in terms of readability? A. Bold fonts such as Impact, and sans-serif fonts such as Arial B. Sans-serif fonts such as Arial and serif fonts such as Times New Roman C. Fixed-width fonts such as Courier and sans-serif fonts such as Arial D. Specialty fonts such as Papyrus and serif fonts such as Times New Roman

B. Sans-serif fonts such as Arial and serif fonts such as Times New Roman

Identifying the language of a document or part of a document is important for users of: A. Voice recognition software B. Screen readers C. Screen magnifiers D. All of the above

B. Screen readers

What are the rules or checklist of items upon which the guidelines of WCAG 2.0 are based? A. Level AAA B. Success Criteria C. Sufficient Techniques D. Advisory Techniques

B. Success Criteria

Which of the following do screen readers read? A. The source code (i.e. the markup available using "view source") B. The DOM (the markup after it has been processed by the browser) C. The visible text on the screen (e.g. the output as rendered through the graphics processor) D. All of the above E. None of the above

B. The DOM (the markup after it has been processed by the browser)

Which of the following is an example of a subjective accessibility guideline that is not easily testable? A. All images have an alt attribute. B. The cognitive skills required to use a web page are minimized. C. All form input elements have a label. D. The web page has a title.

B. The cognitive skills required to use a web page are minimized.

WCAG Level AA allows for content to flash more than 3 times per second as long as certain conditions are met. These qualifying conditions include: A. The flashing content contains no red. B. The flashing area is small enough, and the colors are low contrast. C. The flashing content has a mechanism to turn the flashing off. D. It is impossible to quantify what may cause a seizure.

B. The flashing area is small enough, and the colors are low contrast.

Transcripts MUST include all of the following EXCEPT: A. Dialog B. The lyrics to the complete musical soundtrack C. The identity of the individual speaking D. Important background sounds

B. The lyrics to the complete musical soundtrack

The meaning of "affordance" is: A. How much of a project's budget can be dedicated to accessibility B. The range of possible actions that someone can perform with an object C. The error tolerance within an accessible website design

B. The range of possible actions that someone can perform with an object

What determines the audio-structural experience of a web page for a screen reader user? A. The visual layout B. The semantic structure

B. The semantic structure

ARIA attributes like aria-expanded, aria-checked, and aria-busy convey what information to screen reader users? A. The names of elements. B. The states of elements. C. The roles of elements. D. None of the above.

B. The states of elements.

Which is NOT a good technique for preventing errors in forms? A. Provide clear, accurate, and accessible form labels B. Use custom form inputs whenever possible C. Give additional instructions for inputs if necessary D. Provide visual cues that guide users through the form E. Allow users to review their choices before and after they submit the form

B. Use custom form inputs whenever possible

For someone with low vision, all of the following are ways to make text more readable except: A. Zoom or magnify text on the screen B. Use synchronized video captions C. Change text and background colors for better contrast D. Use a screen reader

B. Use synchronized video captions

Instructions that aren't placed visually near their corresponding form fields can negatively impact which of the following user categories? A. Users who are blind B. Users who have low vision C. Users with vestibular disorders D. All of the above

B. Users who have low vision

Which of the following is NOT a way of providing alternative text for simple <canvas> elements? A. Using the aria-label attribute on the <canvas> element. B. Using the alt attribute on the <canvas> element. C. Providing a description within the <canvas> element and referencing it using the aria-labelledby attribute.

B. Using the alt attribute on the <canvas> element.

Which ARIA attribute is used to provide additional information about an element? A. aria-labelledby B. aria-describedby C. role="description" D. aria-label

B. aria-describedby

Which ARIA attribute should be used to provide more information about an error in a form element? A. aria-required B. aria-describedby C. aria-readonly D. aria-invalid

B. aria-describedby

All of the following can be used to provide alternative text for SVG <img> elements, except: A. alt attribute B. aria-owns attribute C. aria-label attribute D. aria-labelledby attribute

B. aria-owns attribute

Which phone is currently the most popular among blind users? A. Windows Phone B. iPhone C. Android Phone D. Blackberry Phone

B. iPhone

In complex tables, each data cell must be explicitly associated with each corresponding header cell by which method? A. scope + header B. id + header C. id + scope D. Merging table cells

B. id + header

To aid people with low vision or color deficiencies, the contrast between text and its background must be at least: A. 3 to 1 for small text and 2 to 1 for large text B. 5 to 1 for small text and 6.5 to 1 for large text C. 4.5 to 1 for small text and 3 to 1 for large text D. 12 to 1 for small text and 8 to 1 for large text

C. 4.5 to 1 for small text and 3 to 1 for large text

The recommended minimum touch target size for touch screen devices is approximately: A. 4.8mm or 22px B. 7.2mm or 33px C. 9.6mm or 44px D. 10.8mm or 50px

C. 9.6mm or 44px

The accessible name for a data table should be contained in what element A. <title> B. <tabletitle> C. <caption> D. <summary> E. <name> F. The first row of the table (the columns of that row should be merged into a single cell)

C. <caption>

Which of the following will be recognized as a valid heading by screen readers? A. <h1></h1> B. <h7>Legal disclaimer</h7> C. <div role="heading" aria-level="3">The secrets beneath the ocean's surface</div> D. <p class="heading level2" style="font-size: 200%; font-weight: bold">Understand yourself</p>

C. <div role="heading" aria-level="3">The secrets beneath the ocean's surface</div>

Which of the following does NOT represent best practice, in terms of creating a structured outline of the content with headings? A. <h1><h2><h2><h3><h4><h2> B. <h1><h2><h2><h2><h3><h4> C. <h1><h3><h4><h3><h4><h3> D. <h1><h2>

C. <h1><h3><h4><h3><h4><h3>

Which of the code examples below best adheres to the requirements and best practices for error feedback? A. <label for="password"> Error - Password: </label> <input type="password" name="password" id="password" aria-invalid="true"> B. <label for="password"> Password: </label> <input type="password" name="password" id="password" aria-required="true" aria-invalid="true"> C. <p id="passwordError">Error: Password must be at least be 8 characters</p> <label for="password"> Password: </label> <input type="password" name="password" id="password" aria-required="true" aria-invalid="true" aria-describedby="passwordError"> D. <p>Error: Password must be at least be 8 characters</p> <label for="password"> Password: </label> <input type="password" name="password" id="password" aria-required="true" aria-invalid="true">

C. <p id="passwordError">Error: Password must be at least be 8 characters</p> <label for="password"> Password: </label> <input type="password" name="password" id="password" aria-required="true" aria-invalid="true" aria-describedby="passwordError">

The correct way to code a table cell that is a column header cell is: A. <td scope="col"> B. <td scope="column"> C. <th scope="col"> D. <th scope="column">

C. <th scope="col">

In a table with two header cells in the first row ("Male" and "Female"), and with 5 header cells under each of them, the header cells in the first row should be marked as: A. <td scope="colgroup"> B. <td scope="columngroup"> C. <th scope="colgroup"> D. <th scope="columngroup">

C. <th scope="colgroup">

Which of the following is true about audio descriptions? A. Audio descriptions describe important visual information through synchronized captions. B. Audio descriptions are not required if there is no audio content. C. Audio descriptions describe important visual information that is not conveyed through a video's audio track. D. Audio descriptions describe important visual information through a transcript.

C. Audio descriptions describe important visual information that is not conveyed through a video's audio track.

Which of the following is NOT an example of an automated accessibility solution that is currently available? A. Skype Translator B. Automatic captions on YouTube C. Automatic audio descriptions on YouTube D. Automatic alt text on Facebook images

C. Automatic audio descriptions on YouTube

The simplest way to provide sign language interpretation for a live event such as a press conference is: A. Via Picture in Picture (PiP), in the corner of the video B. In a separate, synchronized video C. By including the interpreter in the same video frame as the speaker D. By ensuring the speaker signs as they speak

C. By including the interpreter in the same video frame as the speaker

Which one of the following is NOT a screen reader mode? A. Document mode B. Forms mode C. Caption mode D. Table mode E. Application mode

C. Caption mode

To conform to ARIA specification, all of the following methods should be applied when creating a custom checkbox within a form EXCEPT: A. Provide a visible and programmatically-associated label for the checkbox B. Ensure the checkbox is assigned role="checkbox" C. Convey to users the state of the checkbox through toggling aria-expanded values D. Make sure the Space bar can be used to change the state of the checkbox

C. Convey to users the state of the checkbox through toggling aria-expanded values

When using Narrator, how do you go to the next cell in a table row? A. T B. Ctrl + Alt + C C. Ctrl + Alt + Right arrow D. Insert + T E. Ctrl + Shift T F. Caps lock + C G. Insert + R H. C I. Not available in Narrator

C. Ctrl + Alt + Right arrow

Background sounds in media presentations and web pages have the potential to negatively impact all of the following user categories EXCEPT: A. Users who are hard of hearing B. Blind users C. Deaf users D. Users with cognitive disabilities E. Users with mobility disabilities

C. Deaf users

The order that screen readers navigate through page content is determined by the: (Select all that apply) A. Visual order of the elements on the screen: left-to-right, top-to-bottom B. CSS C. Document Object Model (DOM) D. All of the above

C. Document Object Model (DOM)

When using JAWS, how do you navigate to the next item? A. N B. I C. Down arrow D. Up arrow E. Ctrl + Shift N F. Caps lock + down arrow G. Insert + down arrow H. Tab I. Not available in JAWS

C. Down arrow

When using NVDA, how do you navigate to the next item? A. N B. I C. Down arrow D. Up arrow E. Ctrl + Option + Command N F. Caps lock + down arrow G. Insert + down arrow H. Tab I. Not available in NVDA

C. Down arrow

The most recommended method to programmatically associate a label and form field is: A. aria-label attribute B. title attribute C. Explicit <label> association D. Implicit <label> association

C. Explicit <label> association

Which browser is recommended for use with NVDA? A. Chrome B. Opera C. Firefox D. Safari E. Edge F. Internet Explorer

C. Firefox

All of the following are things to consider when determining the scope of the accessibility tests, except: A. Which pages have the most diversified and representative content, structure, and semantics types? B. Are there any important transactional or multi-step processes? C. How many users can access an interface element at one time without crashing it? D. What templates are in use on the site?

C. How many users can access an interface element at one time without crashing it?

Captions MUST include all of the following EXCEPT: A. Dialog B. Important background sounds C. Important visual cues D. The identity of the individual speaking

C. Important visual cues

When using NVDA, how do you pull up the list of links, headings, and landmarks? A. E B. Ctrl + Alt + E C. Insert + F7 D. Ctrl + Shift F7 E. Caps lock + F3 F. Insert + F3 G. H H. Not available in NVDA

C. Insert + F7

Why should role="img" be assigned to informative and actionable icon fonts? A. It should be assigned so that screen readers will ignore icon fonts. B. It should be assigned so that icon fonts receive visual focus. C. It should be assigned so that screen readers will recognize icon fonts as an images. D. Icon fonts aren't images, so they don't need to be assigned the role="img".

C. It should be assigned so that screen readers will recognize icon fonts as an images.

If the user has the screen reader language set to French and a web page is written in English but does NOT specify the language of the document in the markup, how will the screen reader read the text? A. It will translate the text to French B. It will notify the user that there is a mismatch in languages C. It will read the English words using French pronunciation rules D. It will detect the language automatically and read the text with the correct pronunciation E. It will cause the screen reader to turn off

C. It will read the English words using French pronunciation rules

When the order of content in a webpage's source code does not match the visual presentation of the content, the following users may find it hard to use the page: A. Blind users and mouse users B. Deaf users and deafblind users C. Keyboard-only users and blind users D. Source code does not have to match visual presentation.

C. Keyboard-only users and blind users

While it is acceptable to auto-play audio on a webpage for more than 3 seconds IF a mechanism to turn it off is available, doing so may make it IMPOSSIBLE for which user category/categories to use your web page? A. Deaf users B. Users who are hard of hearing C. People who use screen readers D. Users with cognitive disabilities E. All of the above

C. People who use screen readers

When using VoiceOver in iOS, how do you pull up the rotor? A. Swipe left to right B. Place one finger on the screen and rotate it C. Place two fingers on the screen and rotate them D. Place your mouth on the screen and rotate it E. Swipe right to left F. Swipe down G. Swipe up H. Double tap the screen I. Say "Siri, show rotor" J. Not available in VoiceOver for iOS

C. Place two fingers on the screen and rotate them

The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) Level AA requires that transcripts be provided for: A. Prerecorded multimedia (video plus audio) B. Live multimedia (video plus audio) C. Prerecorded audio-only D. A and C

C. Prerecorded audio-only

Which of the following is the most semantically-appropriate way to associate instructions with an input? A. Include the instructions within the <label> text, along with the label/name of the input B. Write the text in an aria-instructions attribute C. Reference the ID of the instructions via aria-describedby D. Include the instructions in the title attribute, to create a visible tooltip on mouse hover

C. Reference the ID of the instructions via aria-describedby

When beginning the actual testing process, what should testers do first? A. Conduct keyboard accessibility testing B. Check if color is used to convey meaning C. Run an automated test D. Test for form validation accessibility

C. Run an automated test

If a person types "vegetarian recipes" in a site search, which of the following is the best page title on the search result page? A. Search B. Search results C. Search results for "vegetarian recipes" D. Vegetarian recipes

C. Search results for "vegetarian recipes"

An effective bug report should be written for which of the following recipients? A. Developers and designers who have extensive knowledge in accessibility B. The core accessibility team C. Stakeholders who may not be well-informed about accessibility D. Other testers who can validate the issue

C. Stakeholders who may not be well-informed about accessibility

Which of the following text formats allows user customizability of things like color, font, size, etc.? A. Text embedded in a JPG image B. Text embedded in an SVG image C. Text written in an HTML paragraph D. Text embedded in a Flash object

C. Text written in an HTML paragraph

What does the JAWS screen reader read with regard to the name/label of an <iframe>? A. The name attribute on the <iframe> element B. The title attribute on the <iframe> element C. The <title> element of the page within the iframe D. The title attribute of the page within the iframe

C. The <title> element of the page within the iframe

Regarding single-page applications, which of the following statements is false? A. Screen reader users must be made aware of new content loaded on the page. B. Focus management is often an essential part of making a single-page application accessible. C. The <title> of a single-page application should not be updated when the user has selected a link that causes an AJAX event. D. A user must be able to use the browser's back and forward functionality as would be expected in a non-single-page application.

C. The <title> of a single-page application should not be updated when the user has selected a link that causes an AJAX event.

Which of the following is NOT a consideration when moving focus to new content: A. The container on which focus is set must not be empty. B. Focus should not move unexpectedly. C. The element that triggers the focus change must include aria-haspopup="true". D. Sending focus to AJAX content must be the last event.

C. The element that triggers the focus change must include aria-haspopup="true".

All of the following accessibility techniques apply to an image (<img>) that is purely for visual decoration, except: A. It can be given an empty, or null, alt attribute value. B. The image can be assigned ARIA role="presentation". C. The image can be described using the alt attribute as alt="decorative". D. The image can be placed in the background using CSS.

C. The image can be described using the alt attribute as alt="decorative".

What should happen to the page title if a form submission causes the same page to reload? A. Nothing should happen to the page title B. The page title should reflect errors in form submission C. The page title should reflect the status of the form submission D. Form submission should not cause the page to reload

C. The page title should reflect the status of the form submission

From an accessibility stance, why should standard (real) text and native UI components be used instead of images of text and UI components? A. Standard text and native components give web designers more options to style the look of a web page. B. As long as contrast ratio requirements are met, images of text and native components can and should be used. C. The use of standard text and native components allows users to customize text and colors. D. As long as alternative text is provided, images of text and native components can and should be used.

C. The use of standard text and native components allows users to customize text and colors.

What do developers need to keep in mind about the virtual buffer of screen readers? A. Blind users cannot access the virtual buffer B. The virtual buffer is keyboard-accessible C. There may be a delay between the time when an AJAX load event is complete and when the virtual buffer is updated D. The virtual buffer must be invoked via JavaScript

C. There may be a delay between the time when an AJAX load event is complete and when the virtual buffer is updated

What is the purpose of "visual white space" in web design? A. To ensure sufficient color contrast B. To allow user CSS customization C. To visually separate different elements of the design

C. To visually separate different elements of the design

All of the following statements regarding transitions on a web page are true EXCEPT: A. Transitions can be distracting for users with cognitive disabilities. B. Transitions should be brief and kept to a minimum. C. Transitions between foreground and background elements (parallax effects) should occur at a fast rate. D. Transitions must not interfere with web page reading or interaction.

C. Transitions between foreground and background elements (parallax effects) should occur at a fast rate.

Which type of testing allows developers to evaluate small chunks of code for accessibility issues without any dependencies? A. Regression testing B. Integration testing C. Unit testing D. Manual testing

C. Unit testing

Using a different text color for an input's label to convey that input is required may exclude all of the following user categories EXCEPT: A. Users who are blind B. Users who have low vision C. Users who are deaf or hard of hearing D. Users who are colorblind

C. Users who are deaf or hard of hearing

If the text label for an icon is placed visually too far away from the icon, which category of users with a disability will be most affected? A. Blind users B. Deaf users C. Users with low vision D. Users with colorblindness

C. Users with low vision

Voice input or speech recognition software is most commonly used by which of the following user categories? A. Blind users B. Low-vision users C. Users with mobility impairments D. Deaf users

C. Users with mobility impairments

All of the following are accessibility considerations for media players, EXCEPT: A. Tab order must be logical. B. Focus must be managed logically. C. Visual focus indicator color and shape must be customizable. D. Instructions should be provided for unusual keyboard interactions.

C. Visual focus indicator color and shape must be customizable.

Composing alternative text for images is based on: (Select the best answer.) A. The visual characteristics of the image. B. The file name of the image. C. What the author intends to convey with the image. D. It really is not based on anything.

C. What the author intends to convey with the image.

If you want to highlight text on a web page, when is it necessary to add additional text so that screen reader users know the text is important? A. Always B. Never C. When the emphasis in the highlighting changes the meaning of the text

C. When the emphasis in the highlighting changes the meaning of the text

All of the following are ways to communicate the names of elements, EXCEPT: A. aria-labelledby B. <label> C. role="name" D. aria-label

C. role="name"

Fill in the blank: Ensure text on the page can be resized up to ______ without loss of content or function: A. 1000% B. 500% C. 350% D. 200%

D. 200%

Accessibility problems associated with automatically refreshing or reloading a page include: A. Users may not have time to read content before it disappears B. Users may lose their place on the page C. Users may have a seizure D. A and B E. All of the above

D. A and B

The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) Level AA requires that captions be provided for: A. Prerecorded multimedia (video plus audio) B. Live multimedia (video plus audio) C. Prerecorded video-only D. A and B E. All of the above

D. A and B

Which of the following CSS methods will effectively hide content such as inactive dialogs from both screen reader users and sighted users? (Select all that apply) A. display:none B. visibility:hidden C. screenreader:hidden D. A and B E. All of the above

D. A and B

Why is the use of placeholder text as a form label bad for accessibility? A. The default color for placeholder text does not meet color contrast requirements B. Placeholder text disappears when data is entered in the field C. Placeholder text is not supported in most browsers D. A and B E. All of the above

D. A and B

To help people who have trouble keeping their place and following the flow of text when columns of text are too wide, you can do which of the following? (Select all that apply) A. Use CSS to set a maximum column width of approximately 80 characters. B. Write in short, simple sentences. C. Ensure the text on your website reflows as the viewport is narrowed so users can determine the column width that works for them. D. A and C E. All of the above

D. A and C

Which of the following statements is true? A. Web accessibility happens readily without planning. B. As long as all website components are accessible individually, the entire user experience will always be accessible. C. Retrofitting an accessibility solution can solve most accessibility problems, without having to start the design from scratch. D. Accessibility rot in websites can occur when designers see accessibility as a one-time project, rather than an ongoing process.

D. Accessibility rot in websites can occur when designers see accessibility as a one-time project, rather than an ongoing process.

Adequate mouse-click target sizes help which of the following user categories? (Select all that apply) A. Users with low vision B. Users with tremors C. Users with limited dexterity D. All of the above

D. All of the above

If a bug report includes a title, description, and steps to reproduce the issue, what should it also include to make it more effective? (Select all that apply) A. Recommendations for how to fix the issue B. Expected behavior and/or results C. Severity of the issue D. All of the above E. None of the above; the report is effective as is

D. All of the above

Screen reader accessibility considerations for media players include: A. All media player controls must have a Name and a Role B. All media player controls must be keyboard accessible C. Some media player controls (such as a volume slider) must have a Value D. All of the above

D. All of the above

When modifying web content to be viewed on small viewports, you can use which of the following techniques? A. Reduce the size of content B. Eliminate content C. Simplify content D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Which of these aspects can affect the experience of a website user with a disability? A. The person's technology literacy and experience B. The amount of time the person has had the disability C. The person's level of expertise at using their assistive technology D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Enhancing the visual focus indicator benefits which group(s) of users? (Select all that apply) A. Users who are colorblind B. Users who have low vision C. Sighted keyboard users D. All of the above groups are affected

D. All of the above groups are affected

Which of the following groups of people are affected when only color is used to communicate information on a web page? (Select all that apply) A. People who have low vision B. People who are blind C. People who are colorblind D. All of the above groups are affected E. B and C

D. All of the above groups are affected

What method can be used to distinguish UI components from surrounding content? A. Providing an outline around the UI component B. Using a different color for the UI component that has high contrast against the surrounding content C. Changing the background of the UI component D. Any of the above methods can be used

D. Any of the above methods can be used

What is an effective way to provide alternative text for visual driving directions? A. Describe visually where streets, roads, and bridges are in relation to one another. B. Describe the colors of roads and different areas on the map. C. There is no way to compose alternative text for driving directions. D. Compose text-based directions that include street names, turns, exits, distance, etc.

D. Compose text-based directions that include street names, turns, exits, distance, etc.

Which of the following methods is recommended for decorative or redundant icon fonts? A. Decorative or redundant icon fonts should be described using aria-label. B. Decorative or redundant icon fonts should be assigned role="img". C. Decorative or redundant icon fonts should be assigned an empty, or null, alt attribute. D. Decorative or redundant icon fonts should be set to aria-hidden="true".

D. Decorative or redundant icon fonts should be set to aria-hidden="true".

Which role should be assigned within an application region to give screen readers access to regular text in the region? A. Presentation role B. Main role C. Note role D. Document role

D. Document role

Which European mandate is similar to Section 508 in the United States? A. The European Standard for Disability Equality B. EU ADA - European Union Access to Disabilities Act C. EN Section 508 D. EN 301 549: Accessibility requirements suitable for public procurement of ICT (Information and Communication Technology) products and services in Europe

D. EN 301 549: Accessibility requirements suitable for public procurement of ICT (Information and Communication Technology) products and services in Europe

Using the Tab key to move through a page will put focus on all of the following elements EXCEPT: A. Form fields B. Links C. Elements with tabindex="0" D. Elements with tabindex="-1"

D. Elements with tabindex="-1"

Which of the following is NOT one of the 7 Principles of Universal Design? A. Equitable Use B. Simple and Intuitive Use C. Tolerance for Error D. High Physical Effort

D. High Physical Effort

Which of the following statements is true? A. Photo-epileptic seizures are always milder than 'regular' epileptic seizures. B. Flashing of any speed is okay as long as it can be turned off. C. Only people with traumatic brain injuries are sensitive to flashing content. D. High-contrast flashes are more dangerous than low-contrast flashes.

D. High-contrast flashes are more dangerous than low-contrast flashes.

If the heading level 1 (<h1>) at the beginning of the main content says "How to hang ten on a surfboard," the most appropriate <title> for the page from among the options below would be: A. How to ride a surfboard B. Surfing tutorial C. Summers in California D. How to hang ten on a surfboard E. An article describing how to hang ten on a surfboard, describing the techniques and circumstances in which it is possible to do it

D. How to hang ten on a surfboard

Which of the following statements about labels is NOT correct? A. Labels should be visually close to their corresponding form fields. B. Labels must be programmatically associated with their matching elements. C. Labels should be close to their corresponding form fields in the DOM. D. Labels should be close in length to the other labels on the page.

D. Labels should be close in length to the other labels on the page.

Which of the following allow screen reader users to navigate to areas like the main content, footer, or menu sections of a web page? A. Links B. Tables C. Graphics D. Landmarks

D. Landmarks

The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) Level AA requires that sign language interpretation be provided for: A. Prerecorded multimedia (video plus audio) B. Prerecorded audio-only C. Prerecorded video-only D. None of the above, sign language interpretation is a Level AAA requirement

D. None of the above, sign language interpretation is a Level AAA requirement

When using VoiceOver in macOS, how do you navigate by landmarks? A. Ctrl + Option + R B. Ctrl + Option + Command + L C. Caps lock + L D. Pull up the rotor, then use the left/right arrow keys to show the list of landmarks, then select the heading with the down arrow key E. L F. Not available in VoiceOver in macOS

D. Pull up the rotor, then use the left/right arrow keys to show the list of landmarks, then select the heading with the down arrow key

Testing to uncover any new errors introduced by the remediation process is called: A. Integration testing B. Acceptance testing C. Beta testing D. Regression testing

D. Regression testing

To create accessible user-generated content, you can employ all of these strategies, EXCEPT: A. Automate accessibility fixes. B. Prompt and guide users to create accessible content during the authoring process. C. Limit the type of content users can post. D. Require users to delete and re-post content that has accessibility errors.

D. Require users to delete and re-post content that has accessibility errors.

Which image type(s) allow text in the image to scale up smoothly? (Select all that apply) A. JPG B. PNG C. BMP D. SVG E. TIFF F. B and D G. C and E H. None of the above

D. SVG

Which browser is recommended for use with VoiceOver on iOS? A. Chrome B. Opera C. Firefox D. Safari E. Internet Explorer

D. Safari

Which browser is recommended for use with VoiceOver on macOS? A. Chrome B. Opera C. Firefox D. Safari

D. Safari

When using VoiceOver in iOS, how can you navigate to the next heading? A. Swipe left to right B. Set the rotor to navigate by headings, then swipe right C. Swipe right to left D. Set the rotor to navigate by headings, then swipe down E. Swipe up F. Double tap the screen G. Say "Siri, go to next heading" H. Not available in VoiceOver for iOS

D. Set the rotor to navigate by headings, then swipe down

When using VoiceOver in iOS, how do you navigate by landmarks? A. Swipe left to right B. Set the rotor to navigate by landmarks, then swipe right C. Swipe right to left D. Set the rotor to navigate by landmarks, then swipe down E. Swipe up F. Double tap the screen G. Say "Siri, go to next landmark" H. Not available in VoiceOver for iOS

D. Set the rotor to navigate by landmarks, then swipe down

When using TalkBack, how do you pull up the TalkBack menu? A. Swipe right B. Place one finger on the screen and rotate it C. Place two fingers on the screen and rotate them D. Swipe down then right E. Swipe down then up F. Swipe left G. Swipe down H. Swipe up I. Double tap the screen J. Say "OK Google, show TalkBack menu" K. Not available in TalkBack

D. Swipe down then right

The 21st Century Video Communications and Accessibility Act (CVAA) requires captions for: A. All video content available on the web B. All audio content available on the web C. All video and audio content on the web that was made by U.S. companies D. Video content on the web that was previously aired with captions on television in the US

D. Video content on the web that was previously aired with captions on television in the US

Which is NOT an example of assistive technology that helps with using the Internet? A. Screen readers B. Screen magnifiers C. Refreshable braille devices D. Wheelchair E. Mouth stick

D. Wheelchair

Which ARIA attribute should be used to identify which form elements have errors? A. aria-required B. aria-describedby C. aria-readonly D. aria-invalid

D. aria-invalid

What is the best way to link the <title> in an <svg> so that screen readers will recognize it as the alternative text? A. aria-label B. aria-describedby C. aria-live D. aria-labelledby

D. aria-labelledby

All of the following are valid ARIA landmark roles except: A. banner B. navigation C. main D. end E. search

D. end

The minimum recommended touch target size is: A. 10px by 10px B. 20px by 20px C. 24px by 24px D. 36px by 36px E. 44px by 44px F. 64px by 64px

E. 44px by 44px

The main navigation menu should: A. Be consistently located B. Be consistently ordered C. Be positioned horizontally D. Include drop-down submenus E. A and B F. All of the above

E. A and B

Which of the following can impact the reading order and focus order of page content? (Select all that apply) A. JavaScript DOM manipulation B. Turning on a screen reader C. Magnification D. CSS positioning techniques E. A and D F. B and C G. B and D

E. A and D

Animations, parallax effects, and background videos or animations in web pages have the potential to negatively impact which of the following user categories: A. Users with vestibular disorders B. Blind users C. Users with cognitive impairments D. A and C E. All of the above

E. All of the above

Parallax effects can negatively impact: A. Keyboard accessibility B. Readability of text C. Search Engine Optimization D. A and B E. All of the above

E. All of the above

Which of the following methods could be used to mark the current location within a paginated view? (Select all that apply) A. hidden text B. aria-label C. aria-labelledby D. aria-describedby E. All of the above

E. All of the above

Why is using real HTML text instead of text in an image helpful? (Select all that apply) A. People who need to customize text for readability can apply their own CSS sheets to HTML text. B. People who have low vision can better zoom real text, while images lose crispness. C. HTML text can reflow as the viewport changes, while text in images cannot. D. B and C E. All of the above

E. All of the above

(Deprecated) All of the following HTML elements are deprecated in HTML5 except: A. <applet> B. <center> C. <frame> D. <font> E. All of the above are deprecated.

E. All of the above are deprecated.

If one of your pages employs a time-limit, which of the following are recommended? A. Ensure the time limit is greater than four hours B. Provide a warning when the time limit is about to expire C. Provide an option to extend the session D. A and B E. B and C

E. B and C

If there are multiple navigation landmarks in the same page: A. Each landmark should have its own unique title attribute B. Screen readers will ignore all but the first one C. The markup is invalid: there should be only one navigation landmark per page D. The screen reader is likely to crash, especially older versions E. Each landmark should have its own aria-label or aria-labelledby attribute

E. Each landmark should have its own aria-label or aria-labelledby attribute

Which browser is recommended for use with Narrator? A. Chrome B. Opera C. Firefox D. Safari E. Edge F. Internet Explorer

E. Edge

When using JAWS, how do you navigate to the next heading? A. Ctrl + Alt + H B. Ctrl + Shift H C. Caps lock + H D. Insert + H E. H F. G G. Not available in JAWS

E. H

When using NVDA, how do you navigate to the next heading? A. Ctrl + Alt + H B. Ctrl + Shift + H C. Caps lock + H D. Insert + H E. H F. G G. Not available in NVDA

E. H

When using Narrator, how do you navigate to the next heading (when in scan mode)? A. Ctrl + Alt + H B. Ctrl + Shift H C. Caps lock + H D. Insert + H E. H F. G G. Not available in Narrator

E. H

When using JAWS, how do you pull up the elements list? A. E B. Ctrl + Alt + E C. Ctrl + Shift L D. Caps lock + F3 E. Insert + F3 F. L G. Not available in JAWS

E. Insert + F3

Blind screen reader users are most likely to navigate web content using what? A. Voice activation B. Mouse C. Trackpad D. Motion detection E. Keyboard

E. Keyboard

Which of the following methods is NOT a best practice for progressive form updates? A. Provide a summary of users' choices at the end of the form before submission B. Include only one step on the screen at a time C. Number the steps in the form D. Manage keyboard focus as users move forward and backward through the form E. Make dynamic changes in the form anywhere in the DOM

E. Make dynamic changes in the form anywhere in the DOM

When using TalkBack, how do you cycle through the available reading controls? A. Swipe right B. Place one finger on the screen and rotate it C. Place two fingers on the screen and rotate them D. Swipe down then right E. Swipe down then up F. Swipe left G. Swipe down H. Swipe up I. Double tap the screen J. Say "OK Google, next reading control" K. Not available in TalkBack

E. Swipe down then up

What is the official character limit within a heading? A. 256 characters B. 140 characters C. 1024 characters D. It depends on the level of the heading E. There is no official limit

E. There is no official limit

Which of the following meta viewport elements will disable pinch-to-zoom on mobile devices? (Select all that apply) A. user-scalable=no B. user-scalable=1 C. maximum-scale=1.0 D. maximum-scale=2.0 E. initial-scale=1.0 F. A and C G. B and E H. None of the above

F. A and C

Interactive elements within content that moves or disappears quickly may be problematic for which group(s) of users? (Select all that apply) A. Keyboard users B. Screen reader users C. Alternative mouse device users D. Users with cognitive disabilities E. A and B F. All of the above

F. All of the above

Which of the following ways to incorporate SVGs are considered bad for accessibility? A. <object> B. <svg> C. <img> D. <iframe> E. All of the above are accessible F. Both A and D

F. Both A and D

(Deprecated) Which of the following statement(s) about deprecated HTML elements or attributes is/are false? A. They have been replaced by newer constructs such as CSS. B. They are typically structural in nature. C. They may cause users to be unable to override the deprecated items with their own style sheets. D. They are disallowed by WCAG 2.0 standards. E. They are outdated or obsolete. F. Both B & D

F. Both B & D

When using Narrator, how do you navigate to the next item? A. N B. I C. Down arrow D. Up arrow E. Ctrl + Option + Command N F. Caps lock + right arrow G. Caps lock + down arrow H. Tab I. Not available in Narrator

F. Caps lock + right arrow

When using Narrator, how do you activate scan mode? A. Ctrl + Alt + S B. Ctrl + Shift S C. Caps lock + S D. Insert + S E. Space bar F. Caps lock + space bar G. Not available in Narrator

F. Caps lock + space bar

Screen readers announce emphasized text when it is marked with: A. b B. i C. em D. strong E. mark F. The word "Important: " (or similar) in front of the emphasized text G. All of the above H. None of the above

F. The word "Important: " (or similar) in front of the emphasized text

When using VoiceOver in iOS, how do you activate a link or a button? A. Swipe left to right B. Swipe right to left C. Swipe down D. Swipe up E. Tap on the link or button F. Double tap on the link or button G. Double tap the screen anywhere H. Say "Siri, activate" I. Not available in VoiceOver for iOS

G. Double tap the screen anywhere

When using VoiceOver in macOS, how do you navigate to the next item? A. N B. I C. Down arrow D. Up arrow E. Ctrl + Option + Command N F. Caps lock + down arrow G. Shift + down arrow H. Control + Option + right arrow I. Not available in VoiceOver in macOS

H. Control + Option + right arrow

Which of the following visual styles do most screen readers in their default settings announce to users while reading in normal browse mode? A. Bold B. Italic C. Background colors D. All caps E. Colors F. Visual placement G. Indentation H. None of the above

H. None of the above

People with which of the following disabilities may use screen readers? (Select all that apply) A. Blindness B. Low vision C. Deafblindness D. Color blindness E. Deafness F. Reading disabilities G. A, B, C, and D H. B, E, and F I. A, B, C, and F J. All of the above

I. A, B, C, and F

Which of the following elements will most screen readers announce to users (in terms of the semantic meaning of the element itself)? A. q B. del C. ins D. mark E. code F. pre G. B and C H. D and E I. All of the above J. None of the above

J. None of the above

Screen readers can help you identify issues with which of the following? A. Visual focus indicator B. Keyboard functionality C. Touch target size D. Alternative text E. Custom widgets F. Media players G. Form labels and instructions H. Color used to convey meaning I. Headings J. Video only presentations K. Answers B, D, E, F, G, and I L. Answers A, B, C, G, H, I, and J M. All of the above

K. Answers B, D, E, F, G, and I