DHN 101 Ch 10
Liver Leafy vegetables Asparagus
Select all that apply What are some good food sources of folate? Milk and yogurt Liver Leafy vegetables Asparagus
Tuna Beef liver Salmon
Select all that apply Which of the following are food sources of niacin? Spinach Tuna Beef liver Salmon
legumes orange juice pork
Select all that apply Which of the following foods are good sources of thiamin? legumes orange juice yogurt pork
coenzyme
When a water-soluble vitamin assists in the chemical reaction involved in the metabolism of the macronutrients, this is known as its ____ function.
synthetic form of vitamin B-12
Which form of vitamin B-12 is more readily absorbed? natural form of vitamin B-12 synthetic form of vitamin B-12
b-6 b-12 folate
Which of the following B vitamins plays a direct role in the production or maintenance of red blood cells? Check all that apply. Biotin b-6 b-12 folate pantothenic acid
Dairy
Which of the following food groups includes foods that are rich sources of riboflavin? Fruits Dairy Vegetables Oils
Malignant tumors
________ are considered cancerous tumors. Malignant and benign tumors Malignant tumors Benign tumors
Riboflavin
________ is added to refined grain products as part of the enrichment process. Riboflavin Vitamin D Vitamin B-6 Pantothenic acid
Thiamin
________ is added to refined grain products as part of the enrichment process. Thiamin Choline Vitamin B-6 Vitamin D
antioxidant
A(n) ________ is a substance that protects vulnerable molecules from free radicals. cation enzyme antioxidant oncogene
carcinogens
Alcohol, sodium nitrate, trans fat, and arsenic are all examples of diet related ,____ or cancer causing agents.
carcinogens
Alcohol, sodium nitrate, trans fat, and arsenic are all examples of diet related ______ , or cancer causing agents.
breast
As of 2020, ________ cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in females in the United States. bladder pancreatic liver breast
breast
As of 2020, ________ cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in females in the United States. pancreatic liver bladder breast
Lung
As of 2020, which of the following organs is the leading site for cancer deaths among men and women in the United States? Breast Liver Lung Prostate
c
Because exposure to tobacco smoke increases free radical formation in the lungs, smokers have a higher requirement for vitamin _____
biotin
Because it is produced by intestinal bacteria and found in a wide variety of foods, a deficiency of the B vitamin, ___ is rare
vitamin B-6
Beef, salmon, potatoes, and sweet red peppers are all good sources of ______. folate vitamin B-6 thiamin vitamin C
Depression Convulsions Anemia Dermatitis
Click the boxes that include a sign or symptom of vitamin B-6 deficiency.
Fruits vegetables Fruits and vegetables provide the most vitamin C. Some breakfast cereals are also fortified with vitamin C.
Click to select the two MyPlate food groups that provide the most naturally nutrient-dense food sources of vitamin C.
True
Megaloblastic anemia can occur as a result of a folate or vitamin B-12 deficiency.
Riboflavin
Milk, yogurt, liver, and enriched cereals are all good sources of which vitamin? Riboflavin Thiamin Vitamin C Biotin
anorexia nervosa. alcoholism. tryptophan metabolism disorder.
Select all that apply In the United States, people at risk for niacin deficiency include those with heart disease. anorexia nervosa. alcoholism. tryptophan metabolism disorder.
Riboflavin
Which vitamin is a component of the two coenzymes FMN and FAD that play key roles in energy metabolism? Riboflavin Biotin Folate Choline
Vitamin B-6
______ plays a vital role in keeping homocysteine from accumulating in the blood by converting it to cysteine Vitamin B-6 Riboflavin Vitamin C Niacin
Alcohol
Which of the following is an example of a potential carcinogen? Whole milk Omega-3 fatty acids Alcohol Whole wheat bread
Alcohol
Which of the following is an example of a potential carcinogen? Whole wheat bread Whole milk Omega-3 fatty acids Alcohol
Fruits and vegetables
Which of the food groups provide the highest levels of vitamin C in the body? Fruits and vegetables Grains and fruits Dairy and vegetables Meats, nuts, and seeds
Niacin
Which vitamin plays a role in over 200 reactions and is necessary for the release of energy? Niacin Biotin Choline
Thiamin
Which vitamin plays a role in the chemical reactions involved in the release of energy from carbohydrates? Vitamin E Vitamin B-12 Thiamin Biotin
Intrinsic factor
While food is in the stomach, the stomach cells also produce _____, which is required for vitamin B-12 absorption.
heterocyclic amines
Charcoal-broiled meats may be a source of ________. heterocyclic amines vitamin C statins dietary fiber
processed meats
Felipe wants to lower his risk of cancer. According to scientific studies, consuming ________ may increase risk of this chronic disease and, therefore, Felipe might limit in his diet to lower his risk of cancer. onions processed meats brussels sprouts citrus fruit
add carbon dioxide to other compounds.
In its coenzyme form, biotin participates in chemical reactions that depend on the activity of antioxidants. transfer methyl groups to other compounds. add carbon dioxide to other compounds.
folate.
Liver, legumes, broccoli, and orange juice are all good sources of riboflavin. folate. vitamin C. vitamin B-12.
riboflavin
Lucia has been experiencing glossitis and cheilosis over the past several weeks. As well, her tongue has a slight reddish-purple color. Based on this information, Lucia may have a ________ deficiency. thiamin folate riboflavin vitamin B-12
orange juice pork legumes
Select all that apply Which of the following foods are good sources of thiamin? orange juice pork legumes yogurt
beriberi
The thiamin deficiency disease ______ is characterized by weakness, poor muscular coordination, and decreased functioning of the cardiovascular and nervous systems.
Riboflavin
________ is added to refined grain products as part of the enrichment process. Vitamin B-6 Vitamin D Pantothenic acid Riboflavin
True
Choline is necessary for the formation of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine involved in muscle contraction, memory, and learning.
1. medium sweet red pepper 2. 1 cup orange juice 3. 1/2 large pink grapefruit 4. med. baked potato with skin
Rank the highest to lowest vitamin C.
fatty acid synthesis glucose synthesis amino acid breakdown
Select all that apply Biotin's roles in the body includes ______. fatty acid synthesis protein synthesis glucose synthesis amino acid breakdown
carotenoids. vitamin C. phytochemicals.
Select all that apply Compounds in fruits and vegetables that may help prevent cancer include carotenoids. taurine. vitamin C. phytochemicals.
lungs. esophagus. stomach.
Select all that apply High intake of fruits and vegetables reduce the risk of cancers of the lungs. esophagus. stomach. skin.
avoid exposure to tobacco maintain a healthy weight become physically active
Select all that apply The American Cancer Society recommends you do the following in order to reduce cancer risk. increase red meat consumption avoid exposure to tobacco maintain a healthy weight become physically active
Spinal cord brain
Select all that apply The neural tube in the human embryo eventually develops into the ______. heart spinal cord lungs brain
trans fat alcohol nitrates
Select all that apply What are some examples of diet-related carcinogens? biotin trans fat alcohol nitrates
fortified cereals enriched grains
Select all that apply Which foods contain the richest sources of folate? fortified cereals enriched grains eggs and dairy meat and fish
Collagen synthesis Immune system functioning
Select all that apply Which of the following are functions of vitamin C? Carbohydrate metabolism Collagen synthesis DNA synthesis Immune system functioning
Vitamin B-12
Shellfish, poultry, meat, and eggs are all good sources of which vitamin? Riboflavin Vitamin C Folate Vitamin B-12
Consuming a diet high in processed meats
Which of the following practices is associated with an increased risk of cancer? Consuming a diet high in processed meats Consuming a diet rich in fruits and vegetables Consuming a diet high in fiber Being physically active
Niacin
Which vitamin plays a role in over 200 reactions and is necessary for the release of energy?
Megaloblastic anemia Spina bifida
Folate functions in metabolic reactions that involve the transfer of single carbon groups, including synthesis of DNA, amino acids, and neurotransmitters. Which of the following physical problems result from folate deficiency? Check all that apply. Megaloblastic anemia Microcytic anemia Spina bifida Pernicious anemia Osteoporosis
Intrinsic factor ileum
Free vitamin B-12 binds to ____ in the small intestine. The complex travels to the ____, where it is absorbed by the cells of the small intestine.
Whole wheat bread enriched pork chops baked beans orange juice Whole-grain and enriched breads and cereals, pork, legumes, and orange juice are good food sources of thiamin. Pork chops (4 oz)—0.6 mg thiamin; ham (4 oz)—0.35 mg thiamin; orange juice (1 cup)—0.2 mg thiamin; whole-wheat bread, enriched (1 slice) 0.15 mg thiamin; baked beans (1/2 cup)—0.12 mg thiamin.
Good food sources of thiamin
used as coenzymes.
In chemical reactions involved in the metabolism of macronutrients, water-soluble vitamins are used as coenzymes. used as enzymes. not used at all.
Riboflavin deficiency
Inflammation of mouth and tongue, inflamed skin, and cracking of the tissue at the corners of the mouth.
Vitamin C
Collagen synthesis, antioxidant activity, and assistance in immune system functioning are all functions of which vitamin? Choline Vitamin C Thiamin Niacin
vitamin B-12
Compared to other water-soluble vitamins, the body can store large amounts of ________. vitamin C thiamin vitamin B-12 riboflavin
biotin
Consuming too much avidin, a protein found in raw egg whites, may inhibit ________ absorption. biotin folate vitamin B-6 thiamin
biotin
Consuming too much avidin, a protein found in raw egg whites, may inhibit ________ absorption. biotin vitamin B-6 thiamin folate
B-6
Dermatitis, anemia, convulsions, depression, and confusion are all signs of a vitamin ______ deficiency. D C B-6 B-12
blood
Once absorbed, vitamin B-12 binds to transport proteins and is carried to the liver via the _____
coenzyme A
Pantothenic acid is a component of ___ ___
B-12
People who eat little/no animal products may have a deficiency of ___
fatty acid synthesis. energy metabolism.
Select all that apply In the body, pantothenic acid is important for fatty acid synthesis. energy metabolism. protein production. glycogen breakdown.
cheilosis. glossitis.
Select all that apply Signs and symptoms of ariboflavinosis include scurvy. cheilosis. glossitis. spina bifida.
tryptophan
Ron's diet lacks niacin. He hasn't developed pellagra, because he consumes a high-protein diet that contains plenty of ________, the precursor for niacin. tryptophan alpha-tocopherol beta-carotene alanine
niacin.
Salmon, tuna, mushrooms, and enriched breads are all good sources of vitamin C. vitamin B-12. thiamin. niacin.
limiting consumption of red meat. increasing your intake of fruits. increasing your intake of whole grains.
Select all that apply A healthy diet designed to reduce cancer risk would include increasing your intake of processed meat. limiting consumption of red meat. increasing your intake of fruits. increasing your intake of whole grains.
b-12
Cells require vitamin ______ to make coenzymes that participate in a variety of cellular processes, including the transfer of methylation in the metabolism of folate.
Biotin
Intestinal bacteria can produce which vitamin? Pantothenic acid Biotin Folate B-12
glutamates
Intestinal enzymes are necessary to remove ___________ from naturally-occurring folate. monomate cyclomate glutamates
vitamin B-12
Intrinsic factor is needed to absorb ________. vitamin C vitamin B-12 vitamin B-6 vitamin A
False
It is not necessary for humans to consume sources of water-soluble vitamins daily, because most of them are stored in the liver.
folic acid
____ ____ is more bioavailable than the naturally occurring folate.
Vitamin b-12 deficiency
megaloblastic anemia despite adequate folate intake; eventually progresses to nerve degeneration, paralysis, and death.
Vitamin C deficiency
weakness, slow wound healing, bone pain, bleeding gums, and petechiae.
glossitis
A swollen and sore tongue is a possible sign of the riboflavin deficiency condition known as
greater than
As a smoker, Chantalle's need for vitamin C is ________ that of a non-smoker. the same as greater than less than
Beriberi
People suffering from which disease are very weak and have poor muscular coordination? Xerophthalmia Beriberi Pellagra Carotenemia
niacin
People with a disorder that disrupts tryptophan metabolism may have a deficiency of
Niacin Deficiency
Poor appetite, weakness, and weight loss; eventually progresses to dementia, diarrhea, and dermatitis
Thiamin
Pork, legumes, enriched grains and Brewer's yeast are all good sources of which vitamin? Vitamin C Folate Vitamin B-6 Thiamin
(low to high) 1. Sweet potato 2. Peas in pod, 1 cup 3. Sunflower seeds 1/4 cup 4. Whole grain total, 3/4 cup
Rank the following foods based on their pantothenic acid content, from lowest (at the top), to highest (at the bottom).
Thiamin Deficiency
Weakness, loss of appetite, poor coordination, and severe edema.
James Lind
What British physician discovered a cure for Scurvy? Miles Sturgood James Lind Robert Oakswood Paul Roberts
Homocysteine
is a toxic amino acid and vitamin B-6 plays a vital role in keeping it from accumulating in the blood.
True
A carcinogen is any environmental factor such as asbestos, tobacco smoke, radiation, or a virus that triggers cancer.
folate
A diet adequate in _____________ is recommended for preventing neural tube defects. riboflavin thiamin vitamin C folate
Anemia Convulsions Dermatitis
Select all that apply What are some signs and symptoms of a vitamin B-6 deficiency? Anemia Convulsions Dermatitis Weight gain
carotenoids phytochemicals vitamin C
Select all that apply What is present in fruits and vegetables, has antioxidant activity, and may help prevent cancer? carotenoids phytochemicals fructose vitamin C
broccoli strawberries citrus fruits
Select all that apply Which of the following are good sources of vitamin C? broccoli strawberries whole wheat bread bread citrus fruits
Protein hydrochloric acid
Before vitamin b-12 in food can be absorbed, it must be cleaved from _____ Digestion of food forms of vitamin B-12 is accomplished by ______ produced by the stomach cells.
Deficiencies
Beriberi is a thiamin-deficiency disease; riboflavin deficiency results in cheilosis; pellagra is a niacin-deficiency disease; insufficient vitamin B-12 intake can result in pernicious anemia; scurvy can occur without adequate vitamin C in the diet.
of the greater stress placed on the lungs due to the oxidative damage.
Smokers need more vitamin C daily than non-smokers because of the greater stress placed on the lungs due to the oxidative damage. they tend to over-excrete vitamin C from food sources. they tend to malabsorb vitamin C from food sources.
iron
Vitamin C enhances the absorption of ________. riboflavin calcium iron niacin
fatty acid synthesis amino acid breakdown glucose synthesis
Select all that apply Biotin's roles in the body includes ______. protein synthesis fatty acid synthesis amino acid breakdown glucose synthesis
involved in the pathway that releases energy from macronutrients used to make NAD and NADP involved in at least 200 reactions
Select all that apply Choose functions of niacin. helps to control blood glucose levels involved in the pathway that releases energy from macronutrients used to make NAD and NADP involved in at least 200 reactions
needed for fatty acid synthesis releases energy from macronutrients component of coenzyme A
Select all that apply Choose functions of pantothenic acid. helps with wound healing needed for fatty acid synthesis releases energy from macronutrients component of coenzyme A
folate biotin niacin pantothenic acid
Select all that apply Choose the vitamins that are classified as water-soluble. folate biotin taurine niacin pantothenic acid
trans fat alcohol nitrates
Select all that apply What are some examples of diet-related carcinogens? trans fat alcohol nitrates biotin
Milk Yogurt Spinach
Select all that apply What are some food sources of riboflavin? Milk Yogurt Spinach Pork
Yogurt Spinach Milk
Select all that apply What are some food sources of riboflavin? Yogurt Spinach Milk Pork
Beef Salmon Walnuts
Select all that apply What are some food sources of vitamin B-6? Beef Bread Salmon Walnuts
meat poultry milk
Select all that apply What are some major food sources of vitamin B-12? leafy greens meat poultry milk
water soluble
The B vitamins and vitamin C are _____ vitamins.
scurvy
The British physician, James Lind, designed a very simple experiment that found a cure for _____
fat water
The _____ -soluble vitamins are not easily excreted by the body, however, the kidney can filter excess _____ -soluble vitamins so they are eliminated in the urine.
True
The body can make choline, which is classified as a vitamin-like substance.
Fat-soluble vitamins
The body is able to store which group of vitamins? Fat-soluble vitamins Water-soluble vitamins
vitamin B-12
Vegans need to be concerned about getting an adequate intake of ______ because plant foods are not good food sources of this micronutrient. vitamin C vitamin E vitamin B-12 folate
synthetic
Vitamin B-12 absorbs more readily in its _____ form because the vitamin is not attached to an animal protein. synthetic natural
iron
Vitamin C enhances the absorption of ________. calcium Niacin iron riboflavin
cheilosis glossitis eye disorders Physical signs of ariboflavinosis include inflammation of the mucous membranes that line the mouth and throat, glossitis, cheilosis, dermatitis, and eye disorders. Other symptoms include fatigue, confusion, and headaches.
Which of the following are physical signs that may indicate ariboflavinosis? Check all that apply. cheilosis petechiae glossitis eye disorders excessive hair growth
Boiling in a saucepan of water
Which of the following cooking methods can result in significant losses of water-soluble vitamins? Stir-frying in a small amount of oil Microwaving in little or no water Steaming in a vegetable steamer Boiling in a saucepan of water
Dairy
Which of the following food groups includes foods that are rich sources of riboflavin? Fruits Oils Dairy Vegetables
Pork chops
Which of the following foods is the best source of thiamin? Pork chops Milk Corn oil Cheddar cheese
Serving as a coenzyme in energy metabolism
Which of the following is NOT a key role of vitamin C? Antioxidant activity Enhancing immune function Collagen synthesis Serving as a coenzyme in energy metabolism
Serving as a coenzyme in energy metabolism
Which of the following is NOT a key role of vitamin C? Collagen synthesis Serving as a coenzyme in energy metabolism Antioxidant activity Enhancing immune function
vitamin B-12
Which vitamin do cells require to make coenzymes that participate in a variety of cellular processes, including the transfer of methylation in the metabolism of folate? vitamin B-12 thiamin vitamin B-6 biotin
Malignant tumors
_____ are considered cancerous tumors. Malignant and benign tumors Malignant tumors Benign tumors
Riboflavin
______ is a component of two coenzymes that play key roles in energy metabolism, yogurt, and other milk products are some of the best sources of this vitamin.
Thiamin
______ is a water-soluble vitamin that is used to make a coenzyme that participates in chemical reactions involved in the release of energy from carbohydrates. Thiamin Vitamin C Folate
Vitamin B-6, folate, and vitamin C
_______ are water-soluble vitamins. Vitamins B-12, B-6, and E Vitamins C, D, and K Pantothenic acid, vitamin A, and choline Vitamin B-6, folate, and vitamin C
Riboflavin
_______ is added to refined grain products as part of the enrichment process. Vitamin D Vitamin B-6 Pantothenic acid Riboflavin
Niacin
_______, as part of NAD and NADP, is important for energy metabolism. Folate Riboflavin Niacin Pantothenic acid
Niacin
_______, as part of NAD and NADP, is important for energy metabolism. Niacin Riboflavin Folate Pantothenic acid
Niacin
________ is added to refined grain products as part of the enrichment process. Vitamin B-6 Vitamin D Pantothenic acid Niacin