DOMAIN 4: Advanced Application of Key Safety Concepts
CE marking on an electrical product?
Conforms to European Union HSE protection standards
GHS Signal Words?
Danger = Severe hazards Warning = less severe hazards
What situatino would indicate seepage through the core wall on the downstream side of an earthen impounding reservoir water collection dam/berm?
Exposed gravel showing on downstream slope
Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL)
Exposure limit published & enforced by OSHA as a legal standard over an 8-hour average
Pitot Tube Manometer
- does not require calibration - mechanical, not electricity needed, safe in explosive enviro - output in velocity pressure (VP) - input = TP and SP - must convert VP to V
pH
-log[H+]
Clo^a correction factors
0.6 for summer lightweight working clothing 1.0 for cotton coveralls 1.2 for permeable water barrier 1.4 for winter work clothing
Describe the 5 classes of lasers
1 = output level below where eye injuries can occur 2 = emit visible light. max output of 1 mW. Natural blinking should protect. 3A = max output of 5 mW. similar to 2, but hazardous when viewed w/ binoculars 3B = max output of 500mW (can cause eye injury) 4 = can cause injury to eye and skin. fire hazard.
Full-face respirator protection factor
1,000 when used in positive-pressure mode
OSHA's Fatal Four
1. Falls = 33% 2. Struck by = 22% 3. Caught in/between = 18% 4. Electrical = 17%
The conditions most common to crane side loading are:
1. Load is dragged 2. Crane is not level 3. High winds
Types of effects from combining chemicals:
1. Synergistic - combination greater than the sum 2. Additive - equal to sum 3. Antagonistic - subtraction 4. Potentiating - 0 = 1
Types of severity:
1. negligible 2. marginal 3. catastrophic (death) 4. critical (permanent disability)
Chemical hazards generally divided into what groups?
1. toxic 2. reactive 3. corrosive 4. flammable
Infrared-B wavelength
1.4 micrometers to 3 micrometers
Packed towers wet collector has pressure drop off of...?
1.5 to 3.5 in wg. Typically used by chemical industry for gas absorption and toxic dust.
how quickly will a GFCI trip?
1/40th of a second
Current the body can withstand?
10 mA = still maintain control >75 mA = ventricular fibrillation 4 A = heart paralysis
Venturi type wet collector has pressure drop-off of...?
10 to 15 in. wg
SCBA protection factor
10,000 when used in positive-pressure mode
The rated load of a crane should not exceed the original capacity specified by _____.
125%
Asbestos became outlawed when
1980
Spray chamber wet collector has pressure drop off of...?
2.5 to 6 in wg. oldest type of wet collector.
Wet centrifugal collectors have pressure drop of...?
2.5 to 6 in wg. use a combination of centrifugal force and water contact to capture dust particles.
Farfar-infrared (IR-C)
3 micrometers to 1,000 micrometers
Pareto principle
80/20 rule. focus where efforts will accomplish the most good
ABCD of Fall Arrest
A = Anchorage B = Body wear C = Connector D = Deceleration device
What is a data logger?
A data logger is an electronic instrument used to take measurements from sensors and store those measurements for future use. Some common measurements include temperature, pressure, current, velocity, strain, displacement, and other physical phenomena.
How does a data logger work?
A data logger works with sensors to covert physical phenomena and stimuli into electronic signals such as voltage or current. These electronic signals are then converted, or digitized into binary data. The binary data is then easily analyzed by software and stored on a PC hard drive or on other storage media such as memory cards.
ACM
Asbestos Containing Material (more than 1%)
BLEVE
Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion
Which substance is the standard to which most other substances are compared in regard to evaporation rate?
Butylacetate
NFPA 70 (NEC)
Class I = flammable gases/vapors/liquids Class II = combustible dust Class III = location
Who regulates compressed gas breathing air?
Compressed Gas Association - Grade D
How are fan speed, TP, SP, and HP related to CFM?
Fan speed = direct TP/SP = square of the fan speed HP = cube of the fan speed
Test for formaldehyde?
Filters + Impingers and Visible Absorption Spectrometry
Minimum foot-candles for general construction? First-aid stations?
GC = 5 foot candles First Aid = 30 foot candles
NIOSH Carcinogicity
Group 1 = it is carcinogenic Group 2A = it is probably carcinogenic Group 2B = it is possibly carcinogenic Group 3 = Unclassifiable Group 4 = Probably not carcinogenic
What principle does a combustible gas indicator operate on?
Heat of combustion
near-infrared radiation
Invisible, feels warm 700nm to 1400nm.
Scotoma
Loss of vision in a portion of the visual field resulting from damage to the retina where radiation is absorbed.
NFPA 101 Life Safety Code classifications of the building/structure based on hazard of contents:
Low Hazard = seldom. low combustibility that no self-propagating fire can occur Ordinary Hazard = Likely to burn with moderate rapidity or give off a considerable volume of smoke High Hazard = likely to burn with extreme rapidity and explosions are likely
TD_LO
Lowest dose of a substance (introduced by a route other than inhalation) over a given period of time, and reported to produce any toxic effect in humans
What construction material is denoted by "Scheduling"
Piping (schedule 40 and 80 are common)
Tagout devices
Minimum unlocking strength of 50 pounds.
Proper order of atmospheric testing in a confined space:
Oxygen --> Flammability (10%+ of LFL) --> Toxicity (exceeding PEL)
What is the most important factor to successful design of an exhaust hood?
Rate of airflow through the hood. Also depends on location and shape of the hood
What sections of the SDS will OSHA not enforce?
Section 12 = Ecological info Section 13 = Disposal considerations Section 14 = Transportation info Section 15 = Regulatory info
Safety Data Sheets have how many sections?
Sixteen
What is the major benefit of a data logger with industrial hygiene monitoring devices?
The ability to take sensors measurements and store the data for future use is, by definition, a characteristic of a data logger. However, a data-logging application rarely requires only data acquisition and storage. Inevitably, you need the ability to analyze and present the data to determine results and make decisions based on the logged data.
Electrical Bonding
The permanent joining of metallic parts to form an electrically conductive path that ensures electrical continuity and the capacity to conduct safely any current likely to be imposed.
Three types of soil
Type A = compressive strength of 1.5 ton per square foot (tsf) or greater (53 degree slope) Type B = 0.5 < tsf < 1.5 (45 degree slope) Type C = tsf < 0.5 (34 degree slope)
What instrument is used for measuring air velocity in the opening of a spray booth?
Velometer (aka Swinging Vane Anemometer)
Proof Testing
a product is subjected to a load or pressure of some determined magnitude (generally equal to or greater than the designed capacity or the condition expected during operation).
Q Fever
affects meat and livestock handlers. rickettsial organism. similar to tick fever
Byssinosis
affects those who work in cotton mills
What does NaOH corrode easily?
aluminum, lead, and zinc
Soft tree
analysis of cut sets identifying single-point and multiple-case failures in a software system
Sodium Hydroxide hazards
cause considerable heat. when mixed with water or solvents it can produce fire/explosions
Perchloric Acid (HClO4) is common used:
chemical, electroplating and fireworks industries. For vent hoods, use stainless steel with rounded corners and all-welded construction
Audiometric tests must be maintained for
duration of employment
Best option for protecting operators from a pinch point?
fixed guard with interlocks
What task needs the greatest capture velocity?
grinding, abrasive blasting, tumbling
Ficke's Law
has to do with diffusion and permation
Standardized GHS elements:
hazard pictograms hazard statements signal words
Purpose of crane outriggers?
improve the stability of a crane
Fall Restraint is used to....
keep an employee from reaching a fall point
Pyrophoric liquids and solids
liable to ignite within 5 minutes after contact with air. only 1 category
LASER acronym
light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation
If two supports on steel in concrete, where should steel be placed?
low
Define water solubility
max concentration of a solute that can be carried in water under equilibrium
Define osmosis
molecules pass through semipermeable membrane from less concentrated to more concentrated.
FMEA requires (more/less) time than an FTA?
more
Convert LEL % to parts per million
multiply by a million
Ames test measures?
mutagenicity
When testing for cholinesterase inhibitors, what do you look for in the blood?
organophosphates
UN packing symbol means
packaging conforms to performance requirements for shipment.
Define a cut set
point(s) at which the system can be cut to ensure non-operation
If flat bottom tank needs to be purged, what is best method?
purging because it cannot hold pressure
Delphi technique
purpose is to elicit info and judgements from participants to facilitate problem-solving, planning, and decision making
Particulate respirators
required for grinding operations. do not protect against gases or vapors. Generally become more effective as particles accumulate on the filter and plug spaces between the fibers.
Metal carbonates react with acids to produce:
salt, water, and carbon dioxide
Define permeation
sorption of the chemical into the surface of the material, diffusion through the amterial, and desorption on the opposite side
Threshold Limit Value (TLV)
the concentration of a given toxic material that generally may be tolerated without ill effects
Define convection
the movement caused within a fluid by the tendency of hotter and therefore less dense material to rise, and colder, denser material to sink under the influence of gravity, which consequently results in transfer of heat.
Raoult's Law
when a nonvolatile solute is added to a solvent, vapor pressure of the solvent decreases in proportion to the concentration of the solute. Boiling temperature increases
PSM investigations must be done:
within 48 hours
Anthrax affects what type of worker
wool workers