Drugs & Society Final Exam

The military is under strict Congressional guidelines and cannot conduct drug testing whenever and wherever it chooses.

false

Which is the most compulsive kind of gambler?

pathological gambler

The goal of evidence-based efforts treatment is to ensure that treatment providers consistently use strategies with the best potential for positive outcomes.

true

Which statement is true about cell phone use?

All of the above.

A compulsive gambler can also be a problem or pathological gambler.

true

Gambling includes which of the following?

options 1, 2, 3, and 4

Which statement best describes bulimia nervosa?

an addiction to binge eating followed by weight control techniques like over-exercising

Generally, a gambler who is drawn to a slot machine is

an escape-seeking gambler

The DRD2A1 allele gene has its greatest effect on which neurotransmitter system?

dopamine

The rate of heavy drinking is lower among military personnel than among society as a whole.

false

The reasons why people engage in compulsive behaviors are different from the reasons why they use psychoactive drugs.

false

There is a national registry of prevention and treatment programs, but program results are anecdotal rather than evidence based.

false

There is a universally accepted treatment, which has been proven effective for everyone who has an addiction.

false

Unlike opiates, steroids do not have distinct withdrawal symptoms.

false

Low serotonin levels (which cause depression) are associated with which of the following?

options 1, 2, 3, and 4

Pathological gambling (like behavioral addictions in general) is characterized by which of the following?

options 1, 2, 3, and 4

Which level (s) of prevention is/are most likely to include intervention?

secondary and tertiary prevention

Drugs that stimulate which neurotransmitter have the potential to treat sexual addiction?

serotonin

Which of the following are warning signs that someone may be abusing inhalants?

signs 1, 2, and 3 only

The sensation of a big win for a gambler is the equivalent of

the first intense rush from cocaine

Compulsive shoppers have described the relief from depression and the subsequent high from buying in terms similar to those describing

the high derived from cocaine

One reason why abusing pressurized inhalants is dangerous is because inhaling them directly from their containers can freeze lung tissue.

true

People compulsively overeat in response to feelings and emotions, not hunger.

true

Problems handling money in a responsible manner is one of the hallmarks of almost any addict.

true

Regular survey data collection and analysis of alcohol and other drug use provide a benchmark to measure the effectiveness of prevention efforts and policies.

true

Coerced (legally mandated) treatment is not as effective as voluntary treatment.

false

For every $1 spent on an employee assistance program (EAP), the employer saves up to $16.

true

What is a major reason why some people become compulsive shoppers (develop oniomania)?

depression

At low doses some drugs can enhance sexual arousal.

true

Which of the following statements is true about anorexia?

Anorexics have a distorted perception of their bodies shape and size.

Which statement about compulsive behaviors is true?

The reasons for compulsive behaviors are identical to those for compulsive drug use.

Cyber-addiction and gaming addiction, including MMORPGs (massively multiplayer online role-playing games), are characterized by which of the following actions?

actions 1, 2, 3, and 4

Compulsive shoppers describe the same relief of bad feeling and the subsequent high as someone describing the use of

cocaine

The three main prevention methods used are

harm reduction, supply reduction, and demand reduction

Addiction is an equal-opportunity destroyer.

true

Addiction generally affects only the person with the problem and does not affect family members or family dynamics.

false

What percentage of drugs are kept off the U.S. market due to the United States' current supply reduction approach (i.e., the "war on drugs")?

10 - 15%

Which gene signals a susceptibility to both alcoholism and gambling?

DRD2A1 allele gene

The Internet has an addiction potential because

reasons 1 and 2 only

In the United States, Black Americans with drug problems have a higher rate of incarceration and are likely to receive treatment through the criminal justice system, whereas whites are more likely to receive probation and treatment from medical and social service programs.

true

In the United States, it is becoming common practice for drug and alcohol treatment centers to include treatment for nicotine addiction as part of their programs.

true

Inhalant effects resemble those of alcohol and sedative intoxication.

true

Substituting a "less harmful" drug for a "more harmful" drug is a form of harm reduction.

true

Tests for the use of drugs can be conducted using a person's urine, blood, hair, saliva, or sweat.

true

The effects that alcohol and other drugs have on a person's sexuality (drive and experience) are caused by the drugs' disruption of serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine.

true

The inability to resist an impulse that is originally pleasurable but ends up becoming harmful is called an impulse-control disorder.

true

The legality of alcohol and tobacco, coupled with pervasive advertising of these substances, reduces the effectiveness and limits the credibility of many prevention programs.

true

The majority of people in federal prison are serving sentences for drug-related offenses.

true

The military has one of the most widespread drug-testing programs in the country.

true

The refinement of carbohydrates has resulted in the same types of effects on obesity that the refinement of cocaine has had on cocaine addiction.

true

The use of an addictive substance (such as alcohol and other drugs) at an early age changes vulnerable brain functions and increases a person's likelihood of developing an addiction.

true

Treating people with addictions costs substantially less than incarcerating them for the same length of time.

true

Inhaling alcohol can cause

all of the above

Binge-eating disorder is marked by rigid control over ones eating patterns.

false

Modifying treatment and tailoring it to the culture of specific populations decreases the effectiveness of treatment and diminishes outcomes.

false

New evidenced-based assessment and treatment placement tools like the Addiction/Alcohol Severity Index have not been shown to better match clients to the treatments they need.

false

Outpatient treatment costs more than incarcerating a felon.

false

Pathological gamblers rarely have other addictions.

false

Physicians easily and readily identify alcoholism and drug abuse in the elderly.

false

Recovery from sexual addiction requires lifelong abstinence from sex.

false

Studies have not found any measurable savings from the funds that states invest in treatment for substance use disorders.

false

The majority of the U.S. national drug control budget is allocated to demand reduction.

false

A problem gambler is defined is defined as a person whose gambling behavior causes difficulty in which of the following parts of his or her life?

options 1, 2, 3, and 4

Craving overwhelms common sense and causes an addict to do which of the following?

options 2, 3, and 4 only

Which statement best describes binge eating?

regularly eating large amounts of food at one sitting, without vomiting

When does a compulsive shopper experience the highest level of excitement?

right before deciding to purchase an item

Which condition found in a drug addict is not found in a compulsive gambler?

tissue dependence

The term chasing in problem gambling means

to try to recoup gambling losses by continuing to gamble

"Addiction" is the disease, whereas inhalant abuse, steroid misuse, or compulsive gambling, eating, shopping, or sex are the manifestations of the disease.

true

Alcohol or other drugs are involved in 70% of teen suicides.

true

An important lesson from all primary prevention programs is that to be successful a program must be continual. One-year attempts at inoculating students against alcohol/drug use have not been effective enough.

true

Assessment is the first step in addiction treatment.

true

Chemical dependency may be the greatest public health problem in thee United States.

true

Children who grow up in a home with a drug-using or alcohol-abusing family member take on distinctive roles that affect their personalities.

true

Drug use in companies that conduct drug testing has tapered down and leveled off after experiencing a significant decline in the 1990s.

true

Drugs affect sexuality by disrupting the neurotransmitters.

true

Embalming fluid (formaldehyde), used to preserve dead bodies for funerals and burial, can also be used to create a PCP-like high.

true

Endogenous craving associated with initial abstinence is a type of drug hunger brought about by the depletion of brain neurotransmitters during drug use.

true

Which of the following statements is true of college students who gamble?

College students have a higher rate of pathological gambling than the general public.

Which of the following statements is true concerning the U.S. prison population?

Nearly 50% of the inmates in federal prisons were sentenced for drug offenses.

Which statement best describes addictive behaviors?

They alter brain chemistry in similar ways that psychoactive drugs do.

Carriers of a DRD2A1 allele gene have an excess of dopamine receptors.

false

Currently there is less reliance on evidence-based treatment and more on the personal experiences and intuition of the provider.

false

In a formal intervention, a "facilitator" is a family members, close and/or co-workers chosen to act as the leader of the session.

false

It is not possible to become an alcoholic if you have no family history of alcoholism.

false

Long-term follow-up research has confirmed that controlled drinking works for former and recovering alcoholics.

false

The pharmacologic effects of inhalants are long lasting.

false

The phrase "demand reduction" seeks to decrease drug abuse by reducing the availability of drugs.

false

The phrase "supply reduction" refers to prevention programs that prevent people from wanting to use illicit drugs.

false

Which disorder is similar to compulsive shopping?

hoarding

The three parts of the public health model used to explain the prevention model are

host, environment, and agent

Which is a primary reason for sexual addictions?

low self-worth

Pathological (compulsive) gamblers are obsessed with which of the following?

obsessions 3 and 4 only

Even after a person has gone through alcohol or other drug detoxification, it can take months for the brain and body chemistry to regain balance.

true

Excess hair and decreased breast size are found in female steroid users.

true

False-negative results, not false positives, constitute the majority of urine-testing errors.

true

College students have a higher rate of problem/pathological gambling than the general population.

true

Mephedrone is a popular club drug, especially in Europe. This drug's effects are most similar to those of marijuana.

false

When used long-term or in large doses, a drug can cause a loss of sexual interest and inability to perform sexually.

true

When drug use is studied on a regional basis, the facts show that per-capita drug use in rural and small urban areas is equal to, and in some areas more than, that of large urban areas.

true