DSM Questions Chapter 19
What is hematocrit?
The percentage of blood composed of erythrocytes
What enzyme coverts fibrinogen to fibrin?
Thrombin
What process dissolves a blood clot?
Thrombolysis
What condition results in the formation of an inappropriate blood clot?
Thrombosis
Which of the following blood types is considered the universal recipient?
Type AB+
A sample reacts with anti-A and anti-B antibodies, but it does not react with anti-Rh antibodies. What is the sample's blood type?
Type AB-
What is the functional consequence of vascular spasms during hemostasis?
Vascular spasms decrease blood vessel diameter to limit blood loss.
Select the appropriate pathway for the steps of hemostasis.
Vascular spasms, platelet plug formation, coagulation, clot retraction, and thrombolysis
What vitamin is necessary for certain clotting factors to operate during coagulation?
Vitamin K
Carbohydrate groups on the surfaces of erythrocytes determine blood type and are known as __________.
antigens
Nora was exposed to radiation that caused her red bone marrow to make fewer red blood cells. This condition is known as __________.
aplastic anemia
Fibrin converts the soft, liquid platelet plug into a more solid mass by the process of ______________.
coagulation
Some rat poisons contain a toxin that blocks the liver's ability to use vitamin K. Animals that consume this poison would have problems with __________.
coagulation
Platelets are cell fragments derived from __________.
megakaryocytes
During leukopoiesis, basophils are derived from __________.
myeloblasts
All red blood cells in an adult originate in the __________.
red bone marrow
The primary function of red blood cells is to __________.
transport oxygen and carbon dioxide
What chemical is produced by endothelial cells at the site of injury during the first step of platelet plug formation?
von Willebrand factor
The most abundant component of plasma is __________.
water
A centrifuged sample of blood shows 53% plasma, 1% buffy coat, and 46% erythrocytes. What percentage of the blood is composed of leukocytes and platelets?
1%
What is the average lifespan of erythrocytes?
100-120 days
How much blood does the average adult have?
5 L
What percentage of the blood is composed of plasma?
55%
What is the average lifespan of a platelet?
7-10 days
Normal blood pH should fall between __________.
7.35 and 7.45
Which antigens does a person with blood type A- have on the surface of his or her erythrocytes?
A antigens
Which of the following factors is not related to anemia?
Abnormal leukocytes
What plasma protein is most important for the blood's colloid osmotic pressure?
Albumin
Which of the following antibodies does a person with type B+ blood have in their plasma?
Anti-A antibodies
Which of the following pairs of terms can be used interchangeably?
Antibody and agglutinin
The ABO blood group is based on which antigen(s)?
Antigens A and B
Which of the following blood types would agglutinate if donated to a person with blood type A+?
B-
Which leukocyte is the least common and functions to mediate inflammation?
Basophil
Which of the following characteristics is associated with erythrocytes?
Biconcave shape
Which of the following products from the breakdown of hemoglobin is excreted as a waste product by the liver?
Bilirubin
What causes a bruise to appear greenish in the skin?
Biliverdin
How can hydrophobic steroids travel in the blood?
By binding to hydrophilic transport proteins
What ions are necessary for both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of the coagulation cascade?
Calcium ions
Which of the following characteristics do platelets have?
Capable of oxidative catabolism
What is another name for the Rh antigen?
D antigen
Which of the following functions is not associated with erythropoietin?
Decrease production of the protein hemoglobin
Which leukocytes have cytoplasmic granules that stain red and bilobed nuclei?
Eosinophils
What event initiates the intrinsic or contact pathway of coagulation?
Factor XII contacts exposed collagen fibers.
Which of the following events must occur first during hemostasis?
Formation of thrombin
What cell gives rise to all formed elements?
Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC)
What is the oxygen-binding protein found in erythrocytes?
Hemoglobin
What process does agglutination promote?
Hemolysis
What clotting disorder results from an inadequate amount of the Christmas factor (IX)?
Hemophilia B
What process involves a series of events that minimizes the amount of blood lost from an injured blood vessel?
Hemostasis
What organ serves as the control center for the regulation of erythropoiesis?
Kidney
Which of the following organs produce most of the plasma proteins?
Liver
Which type of leukocyte may produce antibodies?
Lymphocyte
What cells are categorized as agranulocytes?
Lymphocytes and monocytes
What is the most common type of leukocyte in a healthy adult?
Neutrophil
Which of the following blood types is compatible with B- during a transfusion?
O-
Hemostasis is mediated by which of the following formed elements?
Platelets
Which of the following functions is not associated with blood?
Protecting internal organs
Which of the following substances does not inhibit coagulation?
Prothrombin
In erythropoiesis, what is the name of the cell that has ejected its nucleus and other organelles prior to being released into the bloodstream?
Reticulocyte
Which organ traps older erythrocytes so they will be removed from circulation?
Spleen
