Earth Science - Ch 10 Multiple Choice

Where oceanic crust is being thrust beneath a continental mass, ________ subduction zones often occur. a) Andean - type b) Himalaya - type c) American - type d) Aleutian - type e) Arctic - type

a) Andean - type

It is assumed that many of the terranes found in the North American Cordillera were once crustal fragments scattered throughout the eastern ________ ocean basin. a) Pacific b) Atlantic c) Indian

a) Pacific

A thrust fault is best described as a ______________ fault. a) low - angle, reverse b) steep - angle, oblique c) vertical, normal

a) low - angle, reverse

Orogenesis refers to those processes that collectively produce a) mountain system b) earthquakes c) oceanic plates d) trenches e) subduction zones

a) mountain system

______________ is a good example of a present - day active continental margin. a) western margin of South America b) eastern margin of North America c) western margin of Africa d) southern margin of India

a) western margin of South America

The final orogeny that produced the Appalachians occurred about ______ million years ago. a) 20 b) 80 c) 170 d) 250 e) 400

d) 250

Where two oceanic plates converge, _____________ subduction zones often occur. a) Andean - type b) Himalayan - type c) American - type d) Aleutian - type e) Arctic - type

d) Aleutian - type

Which one of the following is NOT a form of rock deformation? a) elastic deformation b) ductile deformation c) brittle failure d) erosion

d) erosion

The rock immediately above a fault surface is commonly called the a) anticline b) foot - wall c) syncline d) hanging wall e) dip - slip

d) hanging wall

Which one of the following is NOT a factor that influences the strength of a rock? a) time b) rock type c) temperature d) confining pressure e) age

e) age

As heat and pressure increase, ductile deformation a) stops occurring b) becomes less likely c) is replaced by elastic deformation d) can cause erosion e) becomes more likely

e) becomes more likely

Folding is usually the result of a) tensional forces b) shear forces c) faulting d) jointing e) compressional forces

e) compressional forces

The _________ Mountains are primarily a volcanic arc produced by a subducting plate. a) Himalaya b) Andes c) Adirondacks d) Ural e) Appalachian

b) Andes

A good example of a present - day passive continental margin would be the a) western margin of South America b) eastern margin of North America c) western margin of North America d) northern margin of India

b) eastern margin of North America

The removal of material by erosion will cause the crust to a) subduct b) rise c) fold d) subside e) thicken

b) rise

The San Andreas fault system is a well - known example of a(n) _______ fault. a) normal b) transform c) thrust d) reverse e) overturned

b) transform

___________ is the concept that the rocks of the crust and the upper mantle are floating in gravitational balance. a. orogeny b. isostacy c. orogenesis d. isotrophy

b. isostacy

Which one of the following mountain ranges has formed where continental crusts have converged? a) Sierra Nevada b) Andes Mountains c) Himalaya Mountains d) Coast Ranges

c) Himalaya Mountains

The collision and joining of crustal fragments to a continent is called continental a) subduction b) isostasy c) accretion d) suturing e) aggradation

c) accretion

Which one of the following features is formed by crustal upwarping? a) syncline b) basin c) anticline d) graben e) accretionary wedge

c) anticline

Faults where the movement is primarily vertical are called ____ faults. a) transform b) oblique c) dip - slip d) random e) strike - slip

c) dip - slip

The most important difference between faults and joints is that joints a) occur along folds b) are often parallel c) have no displacement d) are usually vertical e) are very rare

c) have no displacement

A fracture with horizontal displacement parallel to its surface trend is called a(n) __________ fault. a) dip - slip b) joint c) strike - slip d) oblique - slip e) overturned

c) strike - slip

The __________ is characterized by the accretion of foreign terranes. a) western margin of Africa b) southern margin of India c) western margin of North America d) eastern margin of South america

c) western margin of North America

The thickest part of the crust occurs in a) asthenosphere b) the ocean basin c) young mountain ranges d) eastern Canada e) old eroded mountains

c) young mountain ranges