EE201 Notes - Russian Domain (Quiz 2)

Why did glasnost come about?

- soviet leadership was trying to modernize the economy in the last 70s/going into 80s - likely b/c modern China was getting rich

What 2 ways did they try to implement Russification?

1) transporting ethnic Russians into different parts of the Soviet empire 2) making Russian the official state language

What are 5 potential hazards of climate change in the region?

1) wildfires 2) ecosystem disruption 3) rising sea levels 4) permafrost thaw 5) disease outbreaks

_______ of Russia geographically has unsafe drinking water

1/2

Lake Baikal holds ______ of all freshwater on the planet

1/4

____% of the Crimea population is Muslim Tatars

10%

_______________ people live in Moscow

11.5 million

When was Crimea annexed by the Russian Empire?

1783

How long was Crimea part of Russia?

1783-1954 when Khrushchev transferred it to Ukraine

When was the Soviet Union in existence?

1922-1991

_____ of the population in the region live in an environment that is harmful to their health

2/3

Yanukovych was elected in ____________ after having been appointed in ______________

2004; 2002

When was Yushchenko president of Ukraine?

2005-2010

When was Crimea annexed by Russia?

2014/2015

____% of the Crimea population is Ukrainian

25%

____________ people like in areas w/ chronic air and water quality issues

65 million

____% of the Crimea population is ethnically Russian

65%

What 2 railroads connected west and east Russia?

Trans-Siberian railroad BAM (Baikal-Amur Mainline) railroad

Why were there so many more older females than older males in 2013?

alcohol consumption was killing off men

What are the TFRs like in the region?

all under replacement rate

What is private property and free enterprise like in socialism?

allowed but some industry may be collectively owned by an elected government

What did Yushchenko try to create?

an organization of newly democratic (former Soviet) states in the Baltic region

How did Marx view socialism?

as a step toward communism

The Soviet Union had _____________ areas

autonomous

What was Crimea's political status after it was no longer part of Rusisa?

autonomous republic but w/ legal structure tied to Ukraine's

Why is Russian so widely spoken?

b/c of Russification

What, related to climate, is part of the Russian national identity?

being rugged against the cold

When was there a big drop in life expectancy?

collapse of the economy/Soviet Union

The Soviet Union was a ___________ state

communist

taiga

coniferous/boreal forest

What is the Russian climate like?

continental - large temperature variations

What does socialism emphasize?

cooperation in society, democracy, reform

elite dacha

cottage communities

What was religion like in the Soviet Union?

could only practice state-approved religions -> no Judaism or Islam (revived after collapse)

Lake Baikal is the world's ___________ lake

deepest

What causes more disease outbreaks?

diseases being released from thawing soil (ex: anthrax infecting indigenous populations)

What was socialism a response to?

economic inequality and poverty among factory workers

Why does the region have such bad environmental issues now?

environmental quality wasn't a priority at all during Soviet era industrialization

tsar

essentially the king

What did russia do to try to spread Russians out over the rest of Russia?

gave out free land

What agricultural crop is really big here?

grain

What is an example of Yanukovych's corruption?

had a huge resort w/ a private zoo - paid for w/ tax money

Warsaw Pact countries

had their own governments but were functionally part of the Soviet Union

mikrorayons

housing projects

There is a big ____________b/w east and west Russia

imbalance

Where does socialism have its origins?

industrial revolution

Moscow is a huge center of...

international business

Why has the Russian Empire historically been relatively easy to invade?

lack of geological barriers

What is there a long history of in Crimea?

land tensions b/w Tatars (deported in 1940s), Russians, and Ukrainians

What did the Bolsheviks do?

led a revolution against the Russian Tsar in 1917 and instituted a communist political system

When Russia invaded Ukraine in 2014, where did they say the troops were from?

local Ukrainian troops, not Russian troops

What is Lake Baikal polluted by?

logging and paper mills

Why is the % of people over 65 going up?

low TFR

European Plain

low-lying good for agriculture hard to defend

What is the urban form like?

mix of influences with a city core and peripheral housing

What eventually drove Yanukovych out of power?

nearly a hundred protestors were killed which began a mass revolt (Orange Revolution)

Why has life expectancy spiked in recent years?

policies to reduce alcohol consumption

Most of the Russian domain has _____________ soil

poor

What did people do in terms of jobs after the collapse of the Soviet Union?

redistributed themselves

What is the main way socialism alleviates inequality?

redistributes wealth

perestroika

reforms to modernize Russia (like those in China) under Gorbachev

Caucasus and Transcaucasus

region where Eastern Europe and Western Asia meet (Azerbaijan, Georgia, Armenia)

What is the main economic driver of the region?

resource extraction (minerals, forestry products, etc)

What is the European west dominated by?

river systems

What is the major difference b/w Eastern Orthodox Christianity and Catholicism?

role of the pope

What is important about Ukraine's location?

somewhat of a border/buffer zone b/w Russia and Europe

What was Soviet-era city planning like?

specialized industrial cities

What are the Ural Mountains and Siberia dominated by?

taiga and permafrost

Why do people like Putin?

they view him as the one who stabilized things after the collapse

Why did Marx come up with communism?

thought socialism was too idealist

Why are low-income farmers from Northern China moving to the Russia Far East?

to enter the timber industry

What was Crimea known for?

tourist destination

What Yanukovych pro or against Russia?

very pro-Russian

What did Marx believe was necessary to overthrow those in power?

violent revolution

What is the problem with specialized cities?

vulnerable to economic collapse if the world doesn't want what you're making anymore (non-diversified economy)

Where do most ethnic Russians like?

western Russia - Moscow

Survival to age 65 is a lot higher in _______________

women

What happened to Yushchenko during his 2004 campaign? Why?

- poisoned w/ dioxin - Putin's critics are often poisoned

brutalism

- Soviet-era architectural design - big, plain, imposing buildings meant to intimidate you

What are some of the major environmental issues of the region?

- air/water pollution - heavy metals - nuclear waste

What were some Russian policies to increase birth rates?

- cash prizes if you got pregnant on a certain day - baby-making holidays

Gulag Archipelago

- chain of political prison camps in the Russian Far East and Siberia - accusation that Russia is reinstating this

Who has historically invaded the Russian Empire?

Poland, Sweden, France, and Germany

What was Soviet era industrialization like?

- extreme central planning in the communist - manufacturers did whatever it took to fulfill the kremlin's demands (ignored pollution)

Where do most people in Russia live? What is the rest of Russia like?

- most live near Moscow (western Russia) - rest of Russia is lightly settled

Why did they want more Russians to go east?

- most of the Russians in the far east are not ethnically Russian -> Kremlin was afraid of losing territory - reverses population decline of Central Asia in the Russian Domain

glasnost

- openness - opening up to rest of the world - start trading and getting cultural exchange

What is the main religion in Russia?

Eastern Orthodox Christianity

Who was Russia's major trading partner during the Soviet era?

India

Who created communism?

Karl Marx - Communist Manifesto (1848)

Who led the Bolsheviks?

Lenin

Modern immigration is focused on _____________ for _____________

Moscow for jobs

Russification

Moscow trying to establish Russian ethnic identity throughout the Soviet domain

What are 2 potential economic benefits of climate change in the region?

Northern sea route agriculture

Crimea had been an ___________ State

Ottoman

The Russian Domain includes modern day...

Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova, Georgia, and Armenia

What military presence is in Crimea?

Russian Black Sea fleet

Kamchatka Peninsula

one of the most pristine places on Earth

Bolsheviks

party that became communists

permafrost

permanently frozen ground