Egyptology Exam 1

By circa 3000 BC the early dynastic state had emerged and controlled much of the Nile Valley from the delta to the first cataract as Aswan, a distance of over ____ kilometers.

1000

What facilitated political unification?

A common language

Although it was previously thought that the first dynasty rulers were buried at north Saqqara most scholars now agree that the royal cemetery was at ___

Abydos

The earliest known examples of Egyptian writing have been excavated from a tomb at _______ dating to circa 3150 BC

Abydos

Whereas the city of Naqada was politically insignificant in the early dynastic period, _______ was the most important center for the cult of the dead King.

Abydos

The nature of early Egyptian civilization was expressed primarily through monumental architecture, especially tombs at ___ and ___ ___

Abydos and North Saqqara

The king lists were not concerned so much with history as with ______ worship.

Ancestor worship

The other four names - Horus, nebty, Horus of gold, and nesu-bit-were given to him at what point?

At the time of his installation on the throne

The ______ name, introduced by the title "son of Ra" was the only one to be given to the pharaoh as soon as he was born.

Birth name

It was not until the reign of Sneferu, 2613-2589 BC, in the 4th dynasty, that the nesu-bit name was first framed by the _______ shape

Cartouche

Although there is much less evidence for the kings of the second dynasty than those of the first dynasty, the second dynasty must have been a time when the economic and political foundations were put in place for the strongly ___ state which developed.

Centralized

______ ______ was the economic base of the ancient Egyptian state.

Cereal agriculture

The final unification of upper and lower Egypt may have been achieved through one or more military conquests but there is not much evidence for this apart from the number of ________ _________.

Ceremonial palettes

______-_______, is a modern term applied to the periods during which two kings were simultaneously ruling usually consisting of an overlap of several years between the end of one soul reign in the beginning of the next

Co-reigning

What five types of events are recorded on the Palermo Stone?

Cult ceremonies Taxation Sculpture Building Warfare

The advent of _______ calibration curves-allowing the spans of radio carbon years to be converted into actual calendar years-represents a significant improvement in terms of (dating) accuracy.

Dendochronological

Manetho divided the "pharaonic period" from c 3100 to 332 BC into a number of periods known as ______, each consisting of a sequence of rulers, usually united by such factors as kinship or the location of their principal royal residence.

Dynasties

The early Egyptian state used writing in what two contexts?

Economic and administrative

What two cereal grains were incredibly successful in the environment of the Nile flood plain in Egypt?

Emmer wheat and barley

Most ancient Egyptians in the early dynastic period were ______ living in small villages.

Farmers

The presence of names and figures of seated kings in the broken top part of the Palermo Stone suggest that the Egyptians believed that there had been rulers proceeding those of the ______ dynasty.

First

The ___ ___ Royal burials at Abydos represent the only period in ancient Egypt when humans sacrificed for royal burials.

First dynasty

By the Middle Kingdom, each king held how many names?

Five

The text and artifacts that form the basis of Egyptian history usually convey information that is either ______ or ______ and the trick is constructing a historical narrative is to distinguish as clearly as possible between these types of information.

General or particular

What is truly unique about the early state in Egypt is the integration of rule over an extensive ________ ________.

Geographic region

The development of monumental architecture symbolized a political order on a new scale, with a state religion headed by a ___-___ to legitimize the new political order.

God-king

What city remained an important cult center associated with the god Horus, symbolic of the living King?

Hierakonpolis

Given that most of the archaeological evidence for the first dynasties is mortuary, knowledge about socio-political and economic organization must be ___.

Inferred

Constructing reliable chronologies for the so called ______ ______ has proven to be particularly awkward because there was often more than one ruler or dynasty reigning simultaneously in different parts of the country

Intermediate periods

Even when an Egyptian monument appears to be simply commemorating a specific event in history it is often ______ that event as an act that is simultaneously mythological, ritualistic and economic.

Interpreting

Boat burials may have been commonly associated with royal tombs in the early dynasties. While the purpose of these boat burials in unknown the most famous examples are the two undisturbed boats associated with ___ pyramid at Giza

Khufu's

What technology was the key to control and communication on the Nike River and large scale trading exchange?

Large boat construction

Some of the new work shoes that at many points in time Egypt was far (more/less) culturally unified and centralized than was previously assumed.

Less unified

In the dynasty zero and the early first dynasty there is evidence of Egyptian expansion into what three neighboring areas?

Lower Nubia, northern Sindi, southern Palestine

What three important atrifacts with carved scenes relevant to the time of final unification were excavated at Hierakonpolis?

Mace head of King Scorpion The Palette Mace head of King Narmer

What was the name of the Egyptian priest who, in the third century BC, wrote the first western-style history of Egypt?

Manetho

Apart from the Palermo Stone the basic resources for traditional chronologies in Egypt are ______ history and the so called _______-_______ along with the other dated records such as astronomical observations, textual and artistic documents, genealogical information, and synchronism switch non-Egyptian sources.

Manetho's history and King-lists

The king was accorded the most elaborate burial, which was symbolic of his role as ___ between the powers of the nether world and an earthly cosmic order.

Mediator

With the first dynasty, the focus of development shifted from south to north and the early Egyptian state was a centrally controlled polity ruled from the ______ region.

Memphis

While there is certainly evidence of foreign contact in the 4th millennium BC, this contact was not in the form of a _____ ______.

Military invasion

It is becoming (more/less) difficult to reconcile Manetho's politically based chronology (dynasties) with the social and cultural changes revealed by excavations since the 1960's.

More difficult

The ______ phase, is the last phrase of a predynastic period according to Kasier's revision of Petrie's sequence dates.

Naqada III

One of the most famous dynasty zero artifacts is the ____ palette.

Narmer

One of the most important historical sources for the early dynastic period and the old kingdom is a 5th dynasty basalt stele inscribed on both sides with Royal annals stretching back to the mystical prehistoric rulers. It is known as the _________ stone.

Palermo Stone

Two ancient Egyptian textual records that contain dates relating to the rising of a particular star form the basis of the conventional chronology ancient Egypt and by assigning absolute dates to each of these documents egyptologist have been able to extrapolate a set of absolute dates for the whole of the _______ period.

Pharaonic

Modern Egyptologists chronologies of ancient Egypt combine what three basic approaches?

Relative dating Absolute chronologies Radio metric dating

I'm getting in dynasty zero, the earliest format of the kings name and hieroglyphs appeared. It was comprised of a phonetic sign placed inside a palace façade design that was surmounted by the image of a falcon. What was his format called?

Serekh

Funerary evidence suggests that the early Egyptian state was highly ______ in its social organization.

Stratified

There is evidence for the elaborate state control, even in the early dynasties. Such evidence also suggests a state system of _______.

Taxation

King-lists such as the one in the temple of Seti I at Abydos list the names of kings written out in a continuous sequence from the first to the 19th dynasty. Why were certain king's names (and sometimes whole dynasties) omitted from the list by the priests compiling these lists?

The omitted kings and/or dynasties were regarded as illegitimate by the priests compiling these lists

What particular aspects of the kinship were encapsulated in the fivefold titulary?

Three of the titles stressed the Kings role as a god. While the other two emphasis the division of Egypt into two unified lands.

The task of the modern historian of ancient Egypt is usually to attempt to ______ _______ all the strands of evidence in the form of individuals biographies on the walls of tombs, list of kings on the temple walls, stratigraphic evidence of archaeological excavations and a whole range of other pieces of information.

Tie together

The system of co-regency may have been used from at least as early as the middle Kingdom in order to ensure that the _____ __ _______ took place as the minimum of disruption and instability.

Transfer of power

The ancient Egyptians dated important political and religious events not according to the number of years that had elapsed since a single fixed point in history (such as the birth of Christ), but in terms of _______.

Years since the secession of the current king

The earliest codification of signs probably occurred in the timeframe of late Naqada III or early dynasty ___.

Zero

The earliest known use of writing in ancient Egypt may predate political unification of the north and south. Certainly by dynasty ___ writing was used by scribes and artisans of the Egyptian state.

Zero

The first unification of upper Egyptian polities probably took place in early Naqada III times, either as a result of alliances or through warfare. This was followed by the political unification of the north and south and the emergence of Dynasty _____ towards the end of the Naqada III period.

Zero

In addition to royal tombs smaller tombs and simple pit graves dating to the first dynasty are found throughout Egypt which is evidence not only of social stratification but also of the importance of the mortuary cult for _____ _____.

all classes

The Abydos evidence demonstrates the huge expenditure of the state on mortuary complexes for the first dynasty kings and there paramount role in that Egyptian society. This indicates that these rulers had control over vast ___.

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