emt exam 3, chapter 29-35, emt basic

A​ 23-year-old male sustained a musculoskeletal injury to his leg while playing organized football. He reports that his cleated foot was planted into the field when he was hit with a force that caused him to rotate. He heard a snap at this point. What mechanism of injury was​ applied?

Twisting force

The skin is the largest organ of the body. It is composed of three​ layers, including​ the:

epidermis.

A type of musculoskeletal injury involving the bones that can be classified as open or closed is​ a:

fracture.

The skin serves which of the following​ functions?

Protection

Which of the following statements regarding the spinal cord is​ true?

The spinal cord is the central pathway for messages to and from the brain.

The possible numerical range for the Glasgow Coma Scale​ is:

3-15.

How would you classify an environmental emergency in which a child stepped on a sea urchin and got the spine embedded in his​ foot?

A bite or sting

Your multisystem trauma patient also has a burn injury. Which of the following destinations is​ recommended?

A designated trauma center

Which of the following physiological events generally indicates the onset of decompensated​ shock?

A drop in the​ patient's blood pressure

Which of the following is most likely to cause cardiogenic​ shock?

A massive MI that impairs the pump function of the heart

Which of the following statements is true of a compression​ injury?

A mechanism of injury involving a compression injury could be a driver striking his chest on a steering column.

Which of the following patients would most likely be triaged to a trauma​ center?

A pregnant multisystem trauma patient

Which of the following is a sign of severe​ hypothermia?

Absence of shivering

You are treating a patient who was stabbed in the right side of the anterior chest wall. He has shortness of​ breath, weakness, and rapid breathing. Aside from administering​ oxygen, what is the most appropriate treatment for this​ patient?

Apply an occlusive dressing on the chest​ wall, and tape the dressing on three sides.

Which of the following statements is​ true?

Arteries carry blood from the heart.

A patient with an abdominal injury will likely want to keep the legs in what position to reduce​ pain?

Bent

Which of the following scenarios is an anatomical criterion for transporting a motor vehicle collision patient to a trauma​ center?

Bilateral femur fractures

During severe​ bleeding, which of the following structures is most sensitive to hypoxia from blood​ loss?

Brain

Which of the following statements is​ true?

Bullet wounds are a type of penetrating​ trauma, and involve both internal and external injuries.

you arrive on scene to a private​ residence, where you find a​ 56-year-old female patient sitting in her living room complaining of​ pain, paresthesia, and pressure in her lower right leg. She states that a few days​ ago, she slipped on her way​ downstairs, and has had pain in her leg ever​ since, but she has not been to the doctor. During your​ examination, you note that her right lower leg is pale and pulseless. You see swelling and palpate hardness compared with the uninjured left lower leg. Based on these​ findings, the patient is most likely experiencing which of the following​ conditions?

Compartment syndrome

Which of the following is a mechanism that causes the body to lose​ heat?

Conduction

You suspect that your patient has a tension pneumothorax. During patient​ assessment, which of the following findings would most lead to this​ suspicion?

Diminished or absent lung sounds on side affected by​ trauma; jugular venous​ distention; signs of shock

You arrive on scene to the local​ park, where you are presented with a​ 20-year-old male complaining of severe left shoulder pain. The patient states he fell on the ground and immediately felt a sharp pain in the shoulder. As you evaluate the​ shoulder, you note that the left shoulder sits lower than the right. He has intact distal​ pulse, motor, and sensory​ function, but his shoulder is locked in place and he cannot move it without severe pain. Based on the assessment​ findings, the patient is most likely suffering from which of the​ following?

Dislocation

Which of the following is likely the most critical associated injury from serious blunt or penetrating trauma to the​ face?

Dislodged teeth stuck in the airway

Which of the following is true regarding decompensated​ shock?

During decompensated​ shock, the body can no longer compensate adequately.

Which of the following statements about environmental emergencies is​ true?

Environmental emergencies can occur in any setting—​wilderness, ​rural, suburban, and urban.

Which of the following occurs when the body perspires or gets​ wet?

Evaporation

Which of the following is most likely to have associated spinal​ injury?

Facial trauma

You are on scene with a​ 45-year-male who lacerated his hands while working in his garage. The bleeding is dark red and has a steady flow. What is the best way to manage this​ patient's hemorrhage?

Firmly bandaging a dressing in place

A​ 49-year-old male patient was injured with a chain saw while cutting down a tree. He sustained a​ deep, jagged laceration to his left thigh. On​ arrival, you find him to be conscious but breathing​ rapidly, with a rapid pulse and​ cold, clammy skin. What type of shock would you suspect that he is​ in?

Hypovolemic shock

In trauma​ patients, which form of shock is the most​ common?

Hypovolemic shock

You arrive on scene to an assault. Law enforcement has secured the scene. Your patient is a​ 23-year-old male with a​ blood-soaked shirt. The patient states that the assailant​ "slashed at him with a box​ opener." You expose the chest and note a jagged cut on his left anterior chest with​ steady, dark red hemorrhaging. Based on this assessment​ finding, the wound is most likely which of the​ following?

Laceration

which element of the musculoskeletal system belongs to the lower extremities of the appendicular​ skeleton?

Legs

What organ in the abdomen is most commonly injured by blunt​ trauma, and can bleed profusely enough to threaten the​ patient's life?

Liver

ou arrive on scene to a​ 34-year-old male gunshot victim lying in his living room​ disoriented, pale,​ cool, and​ diaphoretic, with shallow respirations. You note blood on his shirt at the chest and​ abdomen, and the puncture wound appears to be through the chest. What is your first priority in treating this​ patient?

Locate the gunshot wound on the​ chest, and place your gloved hand over the injury.

In shock​ states, what general principle can be observed regarding​ perfusion?

Perfusion in some areas is inadequate because the circulatory system malfunctions.

According to the​ CDC, which of the following factors should be taken into consideration in triaging a trauma​ patient?

Physiological criteria

In managing an open wound to the​ neck, what actions can you take while waiting for occlusive dressings to be obtained or​ opened?

Place your gloved hand over the wound to close it off from air entry.

When a patient has significant blood​ loss, which of the following clinical findings would you expect to find that signifies the presence of​ shock?

Rapid heart rate

Which of the following principles may help the most in ensuring the survival of a patient who is suffering from shock due to massive​ trauma?

Rapid transport to an appropriate facility

you are on scene with a​ 24-year-old female car crash victim. During your​ assessment, she tells you that she​ can't feel all of her teeth. You note swelling to the jaw and misaligned teeth. Your primary concern in treating this patient is which of the​ following?

Removing debris from the airway

Which of the following is typically a source of heat for the​ body?

Shivering

What must happen for a joint to​ dislocate?

Soft tissue and ligaments must be stretched

A bruise on the abdomen could indicate injury to which of the​ following?

Spleen, liver, or kidneys

You respond to the scene of an​ assault, where you find a​ 26-year-old male patient with a knife impaled in the left lobe of his skull near the temporal membrane. He is alert but disoriented. How should you manage this​ patient's injury?

Stabilize the knife with bulky dressings

Which of the following will help you and your crew best manage a multisystem trauma​ patient?

Teamwork and communication

In a​ contusion, what remains​ intact?

The epidermis

Why is it so important to seal holes in the chest from penetrating trauma as early as​ possible?

The lungs may collapse if air and blood displace lung tissue.

Why does a patient in shock secondary to blood loss develop​ pale, cool, and clammy​ skin?

When the body senses low blood​ volume, it diverts blood from nonvital areas to vital organs.

Which of the following is vehicle telemetry LEAST likely to be able to tell​ you?

Whether the driver suffered an amputation proximal to the wrist or ankle

Which of the following patients will show the effects of a heat or cold emergency sooner than most other​ patients?

a chronically ill patient

When assessing a​ patient, consider the possibility of closed​ soft-tissue injuries whenever there is​ swelling, pain, or​ deformity, as well​ as:

a mechanism of blunt trauma.

Your​ 35-year-old female patient has accidentally cut her forearm with a kitchen knife. You notice that the blood is dark red and has a steady flow. The patient is concerned she may have​ "cut an​ artery." Based on this​ finding, you should tell her that the source of the hemorrhage​ is:

a vein.

The severity of external bleeding is influenced by several​ factors, including the bleeding​ person's:

ability to clot

It is characteristic of arterial bleeding to​ be:

abundant.

A large puncture wound or laceration to the neck must be immediately sealed with an occlusive dressing to​ prevent:

an air embolus.

A fracture in which the broken bone segments are at an angle to each other is​ called:

an angulated fracture.

Severe abdominal trauma and blood loss may cause signs and symptoms of​ shock, which​ include:

an increased heart rate.

Some local protocols recommend that an abdominal evisceration should be covered with a sterile dressing moistened with sterile​ saline, followed​ by:

an occlusive dressing.

Emergency medical care of a patient with suspected spinal injury​ includes:

assessing neurological deficits by testing grip strength.

Cardiac tamponade occurs​ when:

blood enters the pericardial sac surrounding the heart.

Shock is typically caused by a problem with the​ heart, fluid​ volume, or:

blood vessels.

Microscopically small structures in the circulatory system that supply every cell in the body​ are:

capillaries.

Jugular venous distention is most likely observed​ with:

cardiac tamponade.

You are caring for a​ 62-year-old male patient who complains of chest​ pain, shortness of​ breath, and nausea. His heart rate is more than​ 120, and his blood pressure is​ 90/60. You notice some pallor and peripheral cyanosis on his​ cool, clammy skin. He is most likely suffering​ from:

cardiogenic shock.

An internal injury with no open pathway from the outside is​ called:

closed.

When an individual sustains​ blunt-force trauma to the head that results in a brief disruption of the neural network without any physical evidence or lasting residual​ effects, this would be termed​ a:

concussion.

Rapid, shallow​ breathing; pale,​ cool, clammy​ skin; and a low blood pressure in a patient with an abdominal injury are signs​ of:

developing shock.

To control​ bleeding, start​ with:

direct pressure and elevation.

When caring for a patient with an impaled object in the​ abdomen, the EMT​ should:

eave the impaled object in place and stabilize it with bulky dressings.

A fracture of two or more adjacent ribs in two or more places that allows for free movement of the fractured segment is called​ a:

flail chest.

The hole where the spinal cord exits the cranium is called​ the

foramen magnum.

A swelling caused by the collection of blood under the skin or in damaged tissues as a result of an injured or broken blood vessel is​ a(n):

hematoma.

Hypoperfusion​ is:

inadequate blood flow to the tissues.

Abnormally high pressure within the skull is known​ as:

increased intracranial pressure.

An injury to the hollow organs in the abdomen typically leads​ to:

inflammation and infection.

When treating a patient with damage to the facial​ bones, you should have a high index of suspicion​ for:

injury to the brain.

a patient with more than one serious​ injury:

is a multiple trauma patient.

The tough connective tissues that bind bone ends together at joints are​ termed:

ligaments.

Cooling or freezing particular parts of the body​ is:

local cooling

The three sections of the Glasgow Coma Scale​ (GCS) include:

motor response.

​Shock, or​ hypoperfusion, caused by a spinal cord injury is classified​ as:

neurogenic.

You arrive on scene at a motor vehicle​ crash, where you notice that the patient has severe bleeding from her head with gray matter showing. This type of injury is​ a(n):

open skull fracture.

A movement of ribs in a flail segment that is opposite to the direction of movement of the rest of the chest cavity is​ called:

paradoxical motion.

The term used for the delivery of oxygen and nutrients from the blood through the thin capillary walls into the cells and the removal of carbon dioxide and other waste products from the cells​ is:

perfusion.

Bones are covered by a​ strong, white, fibrous material called​ the:

periosteum.

Swelling or deformity at the site of a bruise indicates​ a:

possible underlying fracture.

At what body temperature does shivering typically​ occur?

round 96°F

Objects that are impaled into the head and interfere with transport should​ be:

stabilized and cut with minimal movement of the object.

Twisting force​ involves:

stretching or tearing of muscles and ligaments.

You are caring for an adult trauma patient. Which of the following is a definitive sign that your patient is in​ shock?

systolic BP below 90 mmHg

During an environmental​ emergency, patients who are under the influence of​ alcohol:

tend to be affected more rapidly and severely.

An injury to the cranium would directly​ affect:

the bony structure making up the forehead and​ top, back, and upper sides of the skull.

The difference between a multisystem trauma patient and a multiple trauma patient​ is:

the number of body systems affected.

During your primary​ assessment, it is important to​ remember:

to initiate immediate manual​ in-line spinal stabilization according to patient need.

Your patient fell 15 feet from a roof. He has a deformed lower leg and a decreased level of consciousness. You designate the patient as a multisystem trauma patient who should be taken to a nearby trauma center. This is​ a:

transport decision.