emt exam 3, chapter 29-35, emt basic
A 23-year-old male sustained a musculoskeletal injury to his leg while playing organized football. He reports that his cleated foot was planted into the field when he was hit with a force that caused him to rotate. He heard a snap at this point. What mechanism of injury was applied?
Twisting force
The skin is the largest organ of the body. It is composed of three layers, including the:
epidermis.
A type of musculoskeletal injury involving the bones that can be classified as open or closed is a:
fracture.
The skin serves which of the following functions?
Protection
Which of the following statements regarding the spinal cord is true?
The spinal cord is the central pathway for messages to and from the brain.
The possible numerical range for the Glasgow Coma Scale is:
3-15.
How would you classify an environmental emergency in which a child stepped on a sea urchin and got the spine embedded in his foot?
A bite or sting
Your multisystem trauma patient also has a burn injury. Which of the following destinations is recommended?
A designated trauma center
Which of the following physiological events generally indicates the onset of decompensated shock?
A drop in the patient's blood pressure
Which of the following is most likely to cause cardiogenic shock?
A massive MI that impairs the pump function of the heart
Which of the following statements is true of a compression injury?
A mechanism of injury involving a compression injury could be a driver striking his chest on a steering column.
Which of the following patients would most likely be triaged to a trauma center?
A pregnant multisystem trauma patient
Which of the following is a sign of severe hypothermia?
Absence of shivering
You are treating a patient who was stabbed in the right side of the anterior chest wall. He has shortness of breath, weakness, and rapid breathing. Aside from administering oxygen, what is the most appropriate treatment for this patient?
Apply an occlusive dressing on the chest wall, and tape the dressing on three sides.
Which of the following statements is true?
Arteries carry blood from the heart.
A patient with an abdominal injury will likely want to keep the legs in what position to reduce pain?
Bent
Which of the following scenarios is an anatomical criterion for transporting a motor vehicle collision patient to a trauma center?
Bilateral femur fractures
During severe bleeding, which of the following structures is most sensitive to hypoxia from blood loss?
Brain
Which of the following statements is true?
Bullet wounds are a type of penetrating trauma, and involve both internal and external injuries.
you arrive on scene to a private residence, where you find a 56-year-old female patient sitting in her living room complaining of pain, paresthesia, and pressure in her lower right leg. She states that a few days ago, she slipped on her way downstairs, and has had pain in her leg ever since, but she has not been to the doctor. During your examination, you note that her right lower leg is pale and pulseless. You see swelling and palpate hardness compared with the uninjured left lower leg. Based on these findings, the patient is most likely experiencing which of the following conditions?
Compartment syndrome
Which of the following is a mechanism that causes the body to lose heat?
Conduction
You suspect that your patient has a tension pneumothorax. During patient assessment, which of the following findings would most lead to this suspicion?
Diminished or absent lung sounds on side affected by trauma; jugular venous distention; signs of shock
You arrive on scene to the local park, where you are presented with a 20-year-old male complaining of severe left shoulder pain. The patient states he fell on the ground and immediately felt a sharp pain in the shoulder. As you evaluate the shoulder, you note that the left shoulder sits lower than the right. He has intact distal pulse, motor, and sensory function, but his shoulder is locked in place and he cannot move it without severe pain. Based on the assessment findings, the patient is most likely suffering from which of the following?
Dislocation
Which of the following is likely the most critical associated injury from serious blunt or penetrating trauma to the face?
Dislodged teeth stuck in the airway
Which of the following is true regarding decompensated shock?
During decompensated shock, the body can no longer compensate adequately.
Which of the following statements about environmental emergencies is true?
Environmental emergencies can occur in any setting—wilderness, rural, suburban, and urban.
Which of the following occurs when the body perspires or gets wet?
Evaporation
Which of the following is most likely to have associated spinal injury?
Facial trauma
You are on scene with a 45-year-male who lacerated his hands while working in his garage. The bleeding is dark red and has a steady flow. What is the best way to manage this patient's hemorrhage?
Firmly bandaging a dressing in place
A 49-year-old male patient was injured with a chain saw while cutting down a tree. He sustained a deep, jagged laceration to his left thigh. On arrival, you find him to be conscious but breathing rapidly, with a rapid pulse and cold, clammy skin. What type of shock would you suspect that he is in?
Hypovolemic shock
In trauma patients, which form of shock is the most common?
Hypovolemic shock
You arrive on scene to an assault. Law enforcement has secured the scene. Your patient is a 23-year-old male with a blood-soaked shirt. The patient states that the assailant "slashed at him with a box opener." You expose the chest and note a jagged cut on his left anterior chest with steady, dark red hemorrhaging. Based on this assessment finding, the wound is most likely which of the following?
Laceration
which element of the musculoskeletal system belongs to the lower extremities of the appendicular skeleton?
Legs
What organ in the abdomen is most commonly injured by blunt trauma, and can bleed profusely enough to threaten the patient's life?
Liver
ou arrive on scene to a 34-year-old male gunshot victim lying in his living room disoriented, pale, cool, and diaphoretic, with shallow respirations. You note blood on his shirt at the chest and abdomen, and the puncture wound appears to be through the chest. What is your first priority in treating this patient?
Locate the gunshot wound on the chest, and place your gloved hand over the injury.
In shock states, what general principle can be observed regarding perfusion?
Perfusion in some areas is inadequate because the circulatory system malfunctions.
According to the CDC, which of the following factors should be taken into consideration in triaging a trauma patient?
Physiological criteria
In managing an open wound to the neck, what actions can you take while waiting for occlusive dressings to be obtained or opened?
Place your gloved hand over the wound to close it off from air entry.
When a patient has significant blood loss, which of the following clinical findings would you expect to find that signifies the presence of shock?
Rapid heart rate
Which of the following principles may help the most in ensuring the survival of a patient who is suffering from shock due to massive trauma?
Rapid transport to an appropriate facility
you are on scene with a 24-year-old female car crash victim. During your assessment, she tells you that she can't feel all of her teeth. You note swelling to the jaw and misaligned teeth. Your primary concern in treating this patient is which of the following?
Removing debris from the airway
Which of the following is typically a source of heat for the body?
Shivering
What must happen for a joint to dislocate?
Soft tissue and ligaments must be stretched
A bruise on the abdomen could indicate injury to which of the following?
Spleen, liver, or kidneys
You respond to the scene of an assault, where you find a 26-year-old male patient with a knife impaled in the left lobe of his skull near the temporal membrane. He is alert but disoriented. How should you manage this patient's injury?
Stabilize the knife with bulky dressings
Which of the following will help you and your crew best manage a multisystem trauma patient?
Teamwork and communication
In a contusion, what remains intact?
The epidermis
Why is it so important to seal holes in the chest from penetrating trauma as early as possible?
The lungs may collapse if air and blood displace lung tissue.
Why does a patient in shock secondary to blood loss develop pale, cool, and clammy skin?
When the body senses low blood volume, it diverts blood from nonvital areas to vital organs.
Which of the following is vehicle telemetry LEAST likely to be able to tell you?
Whether the driver suffered an amputation proximal to the wrist or ankle
Which of the following patients will show the effects of a heat or cold emergency sooner than most other patients?
a chronically ill patient
When assessing a patient, consider the possibility of closed soft-tissue injuries whenever there is swelling, pain, or deformity, as well as:
a mechanism of blunt trauma.
Your 35-year-old female patient has accidentally cut her forearm with a kitchen knife. You notice that the blood is dark red and has a steady flow. The patient is concerned she may have "cut an artery." Based on this finding, you should tell her that the source of the hemorrhage is:
a vein.
The severity of external bleeding is influenced by several factors, including the bleeding person's:
ability to clot
It is characteristic of arterial bleeding to be:
abundant.
A large puncture wound or laceration to the neck must be immediately sealed with an occlusive dressing to prevent:
an air embolus.
A fracture in which the broken bone segments are at an angle to each other is called:
an angulated fracture.
Severe abdominal trauma and blood loss may cause signs and symptoms of shock, which include:
an increased heart rate.
Some local protocols recommend that an abdominal evisceration should be covered with a sterile dressing moistened with sterile saline, followed by:
an occlusive dressing.
Emergency medical care of a patient with suspected spinal injury includes:
assessing neurological deficits by testing grip strength.
Cardiac tamponade occurs when:
blood enters the pericardial sac surrounding the heart.
Shock is typically caused by a problem with the heart, fluid volume, or:
blood vessels.
Microscopically small structures in the circulatory system that supply every cell in the body are:
capillaries.
Jugular venous distention is most likely observed with:
cardiac tamponade.
You are caring for a 62-year-old male patient who complains of chest pain, shortness of breath, and nausea. His heart rate is more than 120, and his blood pressure is 90/60. You notice some pallor and peripheral cyanosis on his cool, clammy skin. He is most likely suffering from:
cardiogenic shock.
An internal injury with no open pathway from the outside is called:
closed.
When an individual sustains blunt-force trauma to the head that results in a brief disruption of the neural network without any physical evidence or lasting residual effects, this would be termed a:
concussion.
Rapid, shallow breathing; pale, cool, clammy skin; and a low blood pressure in a patient with an abdominal injury are signs of:
developing shock.
To control bleeding, start with:
direct pressure and elevation.
When caring for a patient with an impaled object in the abdomen, the EMT should:
eave the impaled object in place and stabilize it with bulky dressings.
A fracture of two or more adjacent ribs in two or more places that allows for free movement of the fractured segment is called a:
flail chest.
The hole where the spinal cord exits the cranium is called the
foramen magnum.
A swelling caused by the collection of blood under the skin or in damaged tissues as a result of an injured or broken blood vessel is a(n):
hematoma.
Hypoperfusion is:
inadequate blood flow to the tissues.
Abnormally high pressure within the skull is known as:
increased intracranial pressure.
An injury to the hollow organs in the abdomen typically leads to:
inflammation and infection.
When treating a patient with damage to the facial bones, you should have a high index of suspicion for:
injury to the brain.
a patient with more than one serious injury:
is a multiple trauma patient.
The tough connective tissues that bind bone ends together at joints are termed:
ligaments.
Cooling or freezing particular parts of the body is:
local cooling
The three sections of the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) include:
motor response.
Shock, or hypoperfusion, caused by a spinal cord injury is classified as:
neurogenic.
You arrive on scene at a motor vehicle crash, where you notice that the patient has severe bleeding from her head with gray matter showing. This type of injury is a(n):
open skull fracture.
A movement of ribs in a flail segment that is opposite to the direction of movement of the rest of the chest cavity is called:
paradoxical motion.
The term used for the delivery of oxygen and nutrients from the blood through the thin capillary walls into the cells and the removal of carbon dioxide and other waste products from the cells is:
perfusion.
Bones are covered by a strong, white, fibrous material called the:
periosteum.
Swelling or deformity at the site of a bruise indicates a:
possible underlying fracture.
At what body temperature does shivering typically occur?
round 96°F
Objects that are impaled into the head and interfere with transport should be:
stabilized and cut with minimal movement of the object.
Twisting force involves:
stretching or tearing of muscles and ligaments.
You are caring for an adult trauma patient. Which of the following is a definitive sign that your patient is in shock?
systolic BP below 90 mmHg
During an environmental emergency, patients who are under the influence of alcohol:
tend to be affected more rapidly and severely.
An injury to the cranium would directly affect:
the bony structure making up the forehead and top, back, and upper sides of the skull.
The difference between a multisystem trauma patient and a multiple trauma patient is:
the number of body systems affected.
During your primary assessment, it is important to remember:
to initiate immediate manual in-line spinal stabilization according to patient need.
Your patient fell 15 feet from a roof. He has a deformed lower leg and a decreased level of consciousness. You designate the patient as a multisystem trauma patient who should be taken to a nearby trauma center. This is a:
transport decision.