EMT Quiz 8, 9, 11, 12

A normal respiratory rate for an adult is typically: 5 to 10 breaths per minute 12 to 20 breaths per minute 15 to 30 breaths per minute 20 to 30 breaths per minute

12 to 20 breaths per minute

A 29-year-old male with a head injury opens his eyes when you speak to him, is confused as to the time and date, and is able to move all his extremities on command. His Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is 10 12 13 14

13

The rapid exam of a patient that occurs following the primary assessment should take no longer than ___.

60 to 90 seconds

Syncope

A fainting spell or transient loss of consciousness often caused by an interruption of blood flow to the brain.

Neurogenic shock is caused by:

A radical change in the size of the vascular system.

Which of the following statements regarding glucose is correct? A. Glucose is a simple sugar that is readily absorbed by the bloodstream. B. Glucose is a complex sugar that rapidly absorbs into the bloodstream. C. Glucose is given to patients who are suspected of being hyperglycemic. D. Glucose is usually administered by the EMT via the intravenous route.

A. Glucose is a simple sugar that is readily absorbed by the bloodstream.

What is the route of administration for the EpiPen auto-injector? A. Intramuscular B. Sublingual C. Intravenous D. Intraosseous

A. Intramuscular

Which of the following is required for an EMT to administer a drug to a patient? A. Medical direction approval B. An alert adult patient C. A patient with stable vital signs D. A patient with an altered level of consciousness

A. Medical direction approval

The process of binding or sticking to a surface is called: A. adsorption. B. digestion. C. absorption. D. suspension.

A. adsorption.

A 62-year-old male is seen with crushing chest pain, which he describes as being the same kind of pain that he had with a previous heart attack. He has prescribed nitroglycerin but states that he has not taken any. After administering supplemental oxygen if needed and contacting medical control, you should: A. assist him with his nitroglycerin unless his systolic blood pressure is less than 100 mm Hg. B. administer up to three doses of nitroglycerin before assessing his blood pressure. C. begin immediate transport and request a rendezvous with a paramedic unit. D. administer the nitroglycerin unless he has taken Viagra within the past 72 hours.

A. assist him with his nitroglycerin unless his systolic blood pressure is less than 100 mm Hg.

Medications encased in a gelatin shell that are taken by mouth are called: A. capsules. B. caplets. C. tablets. D. pills.

A. capsules.

Advil, Nuprin, and Motrin are trade names for the generic medication: A. ibuprofen. B. nitrostat. C. acetaminophen. D. aspirin.

A. ibuprofen.

The term "pharmacology" is MOST accurately defined as: A. the study of drugs and their actions on the body. B. the study of drugs that are produced illegally. C. the study of drug excretion from the human body. D. the study of how medications affect the brain.

A. the study of drugs and their actions on the body.

What does AVPU stand for?

Alert, Verbal, Pain, Unresponsive

The action of hormones such as epinephrine and norepinephrine stimulates _____ to maintain pressure in the system and, as a result, perfusion of all vital organs

An increase in heart rate, an increase in the strength of cardiac contractions, vasoconstriction in nonessential areas

Which of the following clinical signs would necessitate the administration of naloxone (Narcan)? A. Extreme agitation B. Slow respirations C. Hypertension D. Tachycardia

B. Slow respirations

Activated charcoal is an example of a(n): A. gel. B. suspension. C. solution. D. elixir.

B. suspension.

Which of the following statements regarding parenteral medications is correct? A. Parenteral medications are absorbed by the body through the digestive system. B. Tylenol is an example of a parenteral medication because it is taken orally. C. Parenteral medications are absorbed more quickly than enteral medications. D. Compared to enteral medications, parenteral medications have fewer side effects.

C. Parenteral medications are absorbed more quickly than enteral medications.

When assessing an elderly male who complains of nausea and generalized weakness, you find that he takes atorvastatin (Lipitor) and amlodipine (Norvasc). These medications suggest a history of: A. non-insulin-dependent diabetes. B. reactive airway disease. C. cardiovascular disease. D. bacterial infection.

C. cardiovascular disease.

Which of the following injuries would MOST likely cause obstructive shock? Select one: A. Simple pneumothorax B. Liver laceration C. Spinal cord injury D. Cardiac tamponade

Cardiac tamponade

As you approach a patient lying at the side of the roadway, you observe severe bleeding from the leg. What should your first action be? Select one: A. Check for a pulse. B. Open the airway. C. Control the bleeding. D. Administer oxygen.

Control the bleeding

The amount of medication that is given is known as the _________. A. indication B. contraindication C. side effect D. dose

D. dose

In ___________ administration, you are administering medication to yourself or your partner. A. EMT-administered B. paramedic-administered C. patient-assisted D. peer-assisted

D. peer-assisted

Which of the following is the ONLY action that can prevent eventual death from a tension pneumothorax? Select one: A. Positive-pressure ventilation with a bag-valve mask B. Rapid administration of intravenous fluids C. Decompression of the injured side of the chest D. Early administration of high-flow oxygen

Decompression of the injured side of the chest

When should nonlifesaving interventions be performed for your multisystem trauma patient? Select one: A. En route to the hospital B. Prior to transport C. Immediately after the injuries are discovered D. During the primary assessment

En route to the hospital

Which of the following findings indicates that your patient has a patent airway? Audible breathing Forceful coughing Inspiratory stridor Unresponsiveness

Forceful coughing

What are the three components of the "perfusion triangle"? Select one: A. Heart, brain, lungs B. Heart, blood vessels, blood C. Plasma, red blood cells, platelets D. Arteries, veins, capillaries

Heart, blood vessels, blood

Which of the following statements regarding stridor is correct? It is a whistling sound heard in the lower airway It is caused by incorrect airway positioning It is a high-pitched, crowing upper airway sound It suggests the presence of fluid in the lungs

It is a high-pitched, crowing upper airway sound

When discussing patient history, what does OPQRST stand for?

Onset provocation quality region/radiation severity timing

Blood pressure is a rough measurement of ...

Perfusion

_________ is the circulation of blood within an organ or tissue.

Perfusion

Basic causes of shock include:

Poor pump function, blood or fluid loss, and blood vessel dilation

A 25-year-old unrestrained female struck the steering wheel with her chest when her car hit a tree while traveling at a high rate of speed. She has signs and symptoms of shock, which you suspect are the result of intrathoracic bleeding. Which of the following interventions will provide this patient with the greatest chance for survival? Select one: A. Intravenous fluid administration B. Full immobilization of her spine C. Rapid transport to a trauma center D. High-flow oxygen administration

Rapid transport to a trauma center

__ are circular muscle walls in capillaries that cause the walls to contract and dilate

Sphincters

You are called to a construction site where a 27-year-old has fallen from the second floor. He landed on his back and is drifting in and out of consciousness. A quick assessment reveals no bleeding or blood loss. His BP is 90/60 mm Hg, with a pulse rate of 110. His airway is open and is breathing within normal limit. You also realize the patient is in shock. The patient's shock is due to an injury to his:

Spinal cord

After performing a head tilt-chin lift maneuver to open the airway of an unresponsive patient, you should: place him or her in the recovery position provide positive-pressure ventilatory assistance Access respiratory rate, depth, and regularity Suction as needed and insert an airway adjust

Suction as needed and insert an airway adjunct

Which of the following statements regarding the mechanism of injury (MOI) is correct: a significant MOI always results in patient death of permanent disability, A non-significant MOI rules out the possibility of serious trauma, The exact location of a patient's injuries can be determines by the MOI, the MOI may allow you to predict the severity of patient injuries.

The MOI may allow you to predict the severity of patient injuries

Perfusion

The circulation of oxygenated blood through body tissues and vessels.

Compensated shock

The early stage of shock in which the body can still compensate for blood loss.

Autonomic nervous system

The part of the nervous system that regulates involuntary activities of the body, such as heart rate, blood pressure, and digestion of food.

You respond to the local nursing home for an 85-year-old woman who has altered mental status. During your assessment, you notice that the patient has an elevated body temperature. She is hypotensive & her pulse is tachycardic. The nursing staff tells you that she has been sick for several days & that they called because her mental status continued to decline. You suspect the patient is in septic shock. The shock is due to

Widespread dilation

Which of the following scenarios does not involve the presence of any symptoms: a 55-year-old male with a severe headache and 2 days of nausea, a 49-year-old female with blurred vision is unconscious with facial cyanosis, a 61-year-old female who is unconscious with facial cyanosis, 1 44-year-old male with abdominal pain and severe dizziness.

a 61-year-old female who is unconscious with facial cyanosis

Which of the following conditions would be the least likely to cause an altered level of consciousness: drug overdose, acute anxiety, inadequate perfusion, poisoning.

acute anxiety

If a patient seems to develop difficulty breathing after your primary assessment, you should immediately reevaluate the _________.

airway

An elderly patient has fallen and hit her head. Your initial care should focus on ___.

airway, breathing, and circulation

Treatment and transport priorities at the scene of a mass-casualty incident should be determined after ___.

all the patients have been triaged

Foods, medications, and insects are common causes of ________. Select one: A. septic shock B. psychogenic shock C. neurogenic shock D. anaphylactic shock

anaphylactic shock

Noncardiovascular causes of shock include respiratory insufficiency and:

anaphylaxis

A 20-year-old male has a large laceration to his wrist. He is holding a blood-soaked towel over the wound, but it continues to bleed rapidly. You should: Select one: A. administer high-flow supplemental oxygen. B. wrap the towel with pressure bandages. C. apply pressure to the brachial artery. D. apply a tourniquet proximal to the wrist.

apply a tourniquet proximal to the wrist

A 39-year-old sustained a stab wound to the groin during an altercation at a bar. As you approach the patient. you note he is conscious. He is screaming in pain and is attempting to control the bleeding, which is bright red and spurting from his groin area. You should ___.

apply direct pressure to the wound

When you shine a light into one pupil, the normal reaction of the other pupil should be ___.

become smaller

During an EMS call, you should take standard precautions ___.

before exiting the ambulance and before actual patient contact

When assessing a patient with signs and symptoms of shock, it is important to remember that: Select one: A. multiple fractures are the most common cause of hypovolemic shock. B. blood pressure may be the last measurable factor to change in shock. C. irreversible shock often responds well to a prompt blood transfusion. D. the patient's respirations are deep during the early stages of shock.

blood pressure may be the last measurable factor to change in shock.

With _____, the force of the injury occurs over a broad area, and the skin is usually not broken. motor vehicle collisions blunt trauma penetrating trauma gunshot wound

blunt trauma

What does BSI stand for?

body substance isolation

For children younger than 1 year old, you should palpate the _____ artery when assessing the pulse. carotid radial femoral brachial

brachial

Pulmonary edema and impaired ventilation occur during: Select one: A. neurogenic shock. B. cardiogenic shock. C. septic shock. D. anaphylactic shock

cardiogenic shock

Your patient has a decreased cardiac output and poor myocardial contractility. This will likely lead to ___________. Select one: A. neurogenic shock B. cardiogenic shock C. hypovolemic shock D. septic shock

cardiogenic shock

Regulation of blood flow is determined by:

cellular need.

When treating an 80-year-old patient who is in shock, it is important to remember that: Select one: A. medications older patients take for hypertension often cause an unusually fast heart rate. B. the older patient's central nervous system usually reacts more briskly to compensate for shock. C. compensation from the respiratory system usually manifests with increased tidal volume. D. changes in gastric motility may delay gastric emptying, which increases the risk for vomiting.

changes in gastric motility may delay gastric emptying, which increases the risk for vomiting

the reason a patient called for help

chief complaint

Your patient is in shock, but the body's defense mechanisms are currently able to maintain adequate circulation. This is called ___________. Select one: A. compensated shock B. late shock C. irreversible shock D. decompensated shock

compensated shock

When you inspect a patient's pupils with a penlight, the pupils should normally react to the light by: constricting enlarging dilating fluttering

constricting

Pressure in the arteries during cardiac __ is known as systolic pressure.

contraction

When there are low levels of oxygen in the blood, the lips and mucous membranes appear blue or gray. This condition is known as

cyanosis

A patient's short-term memory is MOST likely intact if he or she correctly answers questions regarding: time and date date and event event and person person and place

date and event

When discussing a trauma assessment, what does DCAP-BTLS-IC stand for?

deformities contusions abrasions punctures burns tenderness lacerations swelling instability crepitus

The scene size-up consists of all of the following except: determining the mechanism of injury requesting additional assistance determining level of responsiveness using PPE and standard precautions

determining level of responsiveness

When approaching a 32-year-old male who is complaining of traumatic neck pain, you should ___.

ensure that the patient can see you approaching him

Upon arrival at a potentially unsafe scene, you should: remove all bystanders request another ambulance move the patient to safety ensure that you are safe

ensure that you are safe

You should suspect that a patient is experiencing respiratory failure is he or she ___.

has bradycardia and diminished muscle tone

Skin that is cool, clammy, and pale in your primary assessment typically indicates __________.

hypoperfusion

In an acute injury setting, neurogenic shock is commonly accompanied by: Select one: A. hypothermia. B. hypovolemia. C. tachycardia. D. diaphoresis.

hypothermia

When there are multiple patients, you should use the __ to help organize the triage, logistics, and treatment of patients

incident command system (ICS)

What maneuver should be used to open the airway of an unresponsive patient with suspected trauma?

jaw-thrust maneuver

In patients with deeply pigmented skin, changes in color may be apparent only in certain areas, such as the ___.

lips and oral mucosa

the best indicator of brain function is the patient's: pulse rate papillary response mental status respiratory rate and depth

mental status

The chief complaint is most accurately defines as ___.

most serious thing the patient is concerned about

An injured patient is assigned a total score of 9 on the GCS. He is assigned a score of 2 for eye opening, a score of 3 for verbal response, and a score of 4 for motor response. Which of the following clinical findings is consistent with the GCS score? Eyes remained closed, makes incomprehensible sounds, exhibits abnormal extension; opens eyes spontaneously, is confused when spoken to, exhibits abnormal flexion; Opens eyes in response to voice, makes incomprehensible sounds, localizes pain; opens eyes in response to pain, uses inappropriate words, withdraws from pain;

open eyes in response to pain, uses inappropriate words, withdraws from pain

A 40-year-old male crashed his motorcycle into a tree. He is semiconscious, has snoring respirations, and has a laceration to the forearm with minimal bleeding. You should: apply a cervical collar and suction his airway open his airway with the jaw-thrust maneuver apply a pressure dressing to the patient's arm tilt the patient's head back and life up on his chin

open his airway with the jaw-thrust maneuver

Shock

or hypoperfusion, a condition in which the circulatory system fails to provide sufficient circulation, and therefore inadequate oxygen and nutrient delivery, to maintain normal cellular functions.

mental status of a patient

orientation

You suspect your patient is in shock. You note the patient's skin is pale. This is likely due to ___________. Select one: A. peripheral vasoconstriction B. peripheral vasodilation C. hypothermia D. an increased heart rate

peripheral vasoconstriction

Hypovolemic shock caused by severe burns is the result of a loss of: Select one: A. plasma. B. whole blood. C. red blood cells. D. platelets.

plasma

You are assessing a 72-year-old man with abdominal pain. The patient is sitting in a chair, he is conscious, alert, and calm. As you are talking to the patient, your partner discreetly directs your attention to a handgun, which is located on a nearby table. You should ___.

position yourself in between the patient and the gun and ask your partner to request law enforcement assistance

A palpable pulse is created by ___.

pressure waves through arteries caused by cardiac contraction

You are dispatched to the county jail for an inmate who is "sick." When you arrive you find the patient, a 33-year-old male, unresponsive. His airway is patent and his respirations are rapid and shallow. Your initial action should be to: apply a pulse oximeter request a parademic unit provide assisted ventilation access his blood pressure

provide assisted ventilation

Which of the following actions would not be performed during the scene size up: noting the position of a crashed motor vehicle, asking a neighbor to secure the patient's job, rapidly assessing the patient's respiratory status, notifying the dispatcher to send fir personnel.

rapidly assessing the patient's respiratory status

A patient who doe snot respond to your questions, but moves or cries when his or her trapezius muscle is pinched, is said to be: conscious and alert completely unresponsive responsive to verbal stimuli responsive to painful stimuli

responsive to painful stimuli

Shock due to severe infection is called ________. Select one: A. septic shock B. neurogenic shock C. hypovolemic shock D. anaphylactic shock

septic shock

Inadequate circulation of blood throughout the body is called ________. Select one: A. hypoxia B. shock C. perfusion D. hypotension

shock

When discussing a patient history, what does SAMPLE stand for?

signs/symptoms allergies medications pertinent past medical history last oral intake events

A brassy, crowing sound that is prominent on inspiration, suggesting a mildly occluded airway, is referred to as _______.

stridor

Reassessment is performed to determine all the following except: whether of not the patient is deteriorating, the reason the patient called EMS, the patient's response to your treatment, the nature of newly identified problems.

the reason why the patient called EMS

Which of the following statement regarding the secondary assessment is correct: the secondary assessment should be performed an route to the hospital, regardless of the severity of the patient's condition; the secondary assessment should focus on a certain area or region of the body as determined by the chief complaint; a secondary assessment should always be performed, even if you must continually manage life threats that were identified in the primary assessment; during the secondary assessment, the EMT's primary focus should be on taking the patient's vital signs and obtaining a SAMPLE history.

the secondary assessment should focus on a certain area or region of the body determined by the chief complaint

To protect vital organs, the body compensates by directing blood flow away from organs that are more tolerant of low flow, such as: Select one: A. the lungs. B. the heart. C. the skin. D. the brain.

the skin

the process of establishing treatment and transport priorities

triage

Distributive shock occurs when: Select one: A. severe bleeding causes tachycardia in order to distribute blood to the organs faster. B. widespread dilation of the blood vessels causes blood to pool in the vascular beds. C. an injury causes restriction of the heart muscle and impairs its pumping function. D. temporary but severe vasodilation causes a decrease in blood supply to the brain.

widespread dilation of the blood vessels causes blood to pool in the vascular beds

supplemental oxygen without assisted ventilation would MOST likely be administered to: who are semiconscious with shallow respirations with rapid respirations and a reduced tidal volume Who have accessory muscle use and slow breathing with difficulty breathing and adequate tidal volume

with difficulty breathing and adequate tidal volume

A patient with spontaneous respirations is breathing: at a normal rate with shallow depth without difficulty without assistance

without assistance