ENDOCRINE SYSTEM A&P with Lab 1 Study.com

Growth hormone

Decrease muscle mass with age may occur due to reductions in which hormone? Growth hormone Thyroid hormone Parathyroid hormone Mineralocorticoids

GH

Elevation in which hormone can lead to acromegaly, characterized by irregular bone proliferation? GH GnRH CRF TSH

migrate to nucleus and change gene expression

Once a steroid hormone binds to a receptor, the receptor and hormone:

Intermediate mesoderm

Which embryological tissue gives rise to the adrenal cortex?

Type II

Which form of diabetes mellitus is considered non-insulin-dependent? Type II Type I and II Gestational Type I

Progesterone

Which hormone is required for pregnancy maintenance? Estrogen Testosterone Progesterone AMH

Testosterone

Which hormone regulates secondary sex characteristics in males? Testosterone AMH Estrogen ABP

cardiovascular regulation

Which if these is NOT a proposed function of melatonin? a. cardiovascular regulation b. sleep regulation c. reproductive cycle regulation d. bone deposition by osteoclasts

Calcium

Which ion increases in the cell due to IP3 second messenger signaling?

Parathyroid gland

Which is the only endocrine organ to become more active in terms of production and secretion with age? Parathyroid gland Pancreas Gonad Thyroid gland

Stimulates pancreatic beta cells

Which of the following describes the role of osteocalcin? Promotes the secretion of pancreatic enzymes to facilitate digestion Increases blood pressure Stimulates pancreatic beta cells to increase insulin production Suppresses appetite

Leptin

Which of the following is not released by the stomach and intestines? Cholecystokinin Leptin Peptide YY Gastrin

skin

Which of the following organs begins the synthesis of vitamin D by using the sun's UV rays? kidneys heart skin liver

kidneys

Which of the following organs produces 85% of the body's erythropoietin, as well as renin and calcitriol? adipose tissue skin liver kidneys

kidneys

Which of the following organs produces 85% of the body's erythropoietin, as well as renin and calcitriol? skin adipose tissue liver kidneys

Median enimance

Which of the following regions is part of the posterior pituitary gland?

all

Which of these are changes that can occur with menopause? Osteoporosis Atherosclerosis Osteoporosis, atherosclerosis, and mood swings Mood swings

Sertoli cells

Which of these cells in the testes produce inhibin? Germ Cells Theca cells Leydig cells Sertoli cells

Adrenal cortex

Which of these endocrine organs is derived from mesoderm? Adrenal cortex Pituitary gland Thyroid gland Parathyroid gland

Renal disease

Which of these factors can result in secondary hyperparathyroidism? Renal disease Pituitary gland tumor Parathyroid gland tumor Increase TSH

Reduced daylength

Which of these factors stimulates ewes (female sheep) to come into estrus (the period of the estrous cycle when the female is receptive to the male)? Increased daylength Extra light source melanocyte stimulating hormone Reduced daylength

Increased daylength

Which of these factors stimulates mares (female horses) to come into estrus (period of estrous cycle when females are receptive to males)? Reduced daylength Melatonin Increased daylength Melanocyte stimulating hormone

Increased dark

Which of these factors stimulates melatonin production from the pineal gland as shown in the diagram?

Elevated PTH

Which of these factors will NOT cause Cushing's disease? Increased ACTH Elevated PTH Increase glucocorticoids Increased CRF

Inhibin

Which of these hormones is NOT produced by the placenta? Inhibin HCG Progesterone Estrogen

ADH

Which of these hormones is/are hypothalamic in origin?

Decrease blood glucose

Which of these is NOT a clinical sign of diabetes mellitus? Kidney disease Increase blood glucose Increased urination and drinking Decrease blood glucose

Prolactin

Which of these is NOT a hormonal product of basophils? Prolactin FSH ACTH LH

All

Which of these is a potential treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus? All of these are potential treatments for type 2 diabetes Dietary changes Insulin sensitizer Exercise

Hormone supplementation

Which of these is a treatment for hypothyroidism?

Increase glycogenesis

Which of these is an action of insulin from beta cells (dark blue cells) in picture below? Increase glycogenesis Breakdown proteins into smaller peptides Increase gluconeogenesis increase lipolysis

Iodine deficiency

Which of these mechanisms does NOT result in hyperthyroidism? Overactive tumor of the thyroid gland Iodine deficiency Overactive tumor of the pituitary gland Graves' Disease

Uterine gland secretion

Which of these physiological responses is NOT caused by estrogen? Uterine gland development and proliferation Uterine gland secretion Secretion of cervical mucus Stimulation of an LH surge

Pars intermedia

Which of these regions is derived from oral ectoderm? Pars nervosa Infundibulum Pars intermedia Median Eminence

Due to a deficiency in insulin

Which of these statements is CORRECT for Type 1 diabetes mellitus? Treated with insulin sensitizer drugs Due to a deficiency in insulin It is generally adult-onset Associated with obesity

Decrease blood glucose

Which of these stimulates glucagon from the alpha cells (shown as teal color in picture below)? Somatostatin Increase blood glucose Insulin Decrease blood glucose

Pars distalis

Which region contains secondary capillary bed of the hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system?

Adrenal medulla

Which region of the adrenal gland produces epinephrine and norepinephrine?

Skeletal and cardiac muscle

Which tissues are primarily affected in terms of clinical signs by hypoparathyroidism? Bone Kidney Skeletal and cardiac muscle Thyroid gland

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP); Decrease

__________ is produced by the heart and __________ blood pressure.

adrenal medulla

Catecholamines are produced by which organ?

cell surface

For polar hormones, where are the receptors located in the cell?

Endoderm of the 3rd and 4th pharyngeal POUCHES

This picture shows the four parathyroid glands. What is their primary embryological origin?

Tetraiodothyronine

Thyroxine is the common name for which of the following hormones?

Brain sand

What is represented by the dark material in the center of this pineal gland?

Colloid

What is the name of the pink material in the center of the thyroid follicles?

Last for up to an hour

What is true of peptide hormones?

Decreased blood sugar

What stimulates glucagon from alpha cells?

steroid hormones

What type of hormones are produced by endocrine organs derived from mesoderm?

Steroid hormones

What type of hormones are produced by endocrine organs derived from mesoderm? Amine hormones Protein hormones Steroid hormones Peptide hormones