Enviro Final Test

If an area was originally forested and then underwent urban development, which of the following shows the most likely effects on various parts of the water cycle in the area?

A) Evap and transpiration down, Runoff up, Groundwater recharge down

Which of the following is a process that indirectly removes carbon from the Earth's atmosphere? A) Formation of cabonate deposits B) Outgassing by volcanoes C) Respiration by mammals D) Respiration by anaerobic bacteria E) Photodissociation by ultraviolet light

A) Formation of cabonate deposits

The most commonly used measure of the economic growth of a country is which of the following? A) Gross national product B) Level of exports C) Level of imports D) Fertility rate E) Externalized costs

A) Gross national product

A state highway was constructed over wetlands. The state obtained a permit to fill the existing wetlands in accordance with the provisions of the Clean Water Act of 1972, and agreed to create another wetland. This trade-off approach to addressing an environmental issue is known as A) Mitigation B) Restoration C) Preservation D) Remediation E) Sustainability

A) Mitigation

At the current rate of growth, Earth's human population will double in about 50 years. Which of the followign is the LEAST viable strategy for ensuring adequate nutrition for a population of this size? A) Increasing the number of new food crops from the greatest diversity of plant species B) Doubling the area of arable land on a global basis C) Developing new systems fro making the global distribution of food more equitable D) Increasing the area of land that is currently dedicated to grain production by reducing the area dedicated to meat production E) Assisting developing countries in using highly efficient crop irrigation systems

B) Doubling the area of arable land on a global basis

As urbanization increases and natural soil surfaces are covered, the groundwater supply is reduced due to A) Increased evaporation and transpiration B) Decreased surface runoff C) Loss of recharge area D) Confinement of aquifers E) Capping of artesian wells

C) Loss of recharge area

The data in the graph can be useful in explaining the greenhouse effect when they are compared with A) Volcanic Activity B) Sunspot Activity C) Mean global temperatures D) Annual nitrous oxide production E) Cycles of flooding and drought

C) Mean global temperatures

Which of the following is likely to minimize soil erosion? A) High-yield crops B) Deforestation C) Herbicide use D) Annual Plowing E) No-till agriculture

E) No-till agriculture

The annual fluctuation in carbon dioxide concentration can be best explained by the A) Seasonal use of fossil fuels B) Regularity of volcanic activity C) Deforestation in te tropics D) El Nino effects E) Seasonal photosynthetic activity of green plants

E) Seasonal photosynthetic activity of green plants

In the United States, most municipal waste is disposed of by A) Composting B) Recycling C) Incineration D) Ocean Dumping E) Lanfilling

E. Landfilling

which of the following is an effective alternative to chlorine for disinfecting wastewater in a municipal treatment plant? A) Freon B) Alcohol C) Phosphate D) Ammonia E) Ozone

E. Ozone

Which of the following is the best explanation of the fact that agricultural production on floodplains is often relatively high? A) On floodplains, soils tend to be nutrient-rich and fertile B) On floodplains, high water tables make irrigation unnecessary C) Periodic flooding leaches toxic pollutants out of floodplain soil D) Periodic flooding prevents the pH of floodplain soils from becoming too high E) Floodplains are usually sparsely settled and thus more acreage is available for agriculture

A) On floodplains, soils tend to be nutrient-rich and fertile

An advantage of recycling aluminum rather than disposing of it in landfills is that aluminum can be A) Produced from recycled metal using less energy than is required from aluminum core B) Produced from ore that is chemically reactive and dangerous transport, store, and process C) Produced from ore that is scarce and found primarily in remotre, inhospitable regions at high latitudes D) Absorbed by plants and then bimagnified in both terrestrial and aquatic food chains E) Leached from landfills in the form of A13+ ions that could increase the pH of lakes and streams

A) Produced from recycled metal using less energy than is required from aluminum core

Of the followign, which is the best example of reclamation of disturbed lands? A) Restoring vegetation to an area that has been mined B) Constructing a new wetland to compensate for the loss of wetlands C) Growing crops on land formerly used for grazing D) Reintroducing an endangered species into an area from which it has disappeared D) Regulating the use of a natural resource in order for it to renew itself

A) Restoring vegetation to an area that has been mined

Which of the following best exemplifies global collaboration for a sustainable environment? A) The Montreal Protocol B) The Antartic Treaty of 1961 C) The Clean Air act of 1972 D) CERCLA (Superfund) E) NAFTA

A) The Montreal Protocol

Which of the following is a commercially used method for harvesting trees and is most likely to lead to a fragmented landscape with serious impacts on diodiversity? A) Selective cutting B) Clear cutting C) Shelter-wood cutting D) Slash-and burn clearing E) Gleaning

B) Clear cutting

Which of the following methods of agricultural irrigation results in the loss of the least amount of water by evaporation? A) Conventional center-pivotal irrigation B) Drip irrigation C) Laser-level irrigation D) Flood irrigation E) Gravity-flow irrigation

B) Drip irrigation

Which of the following natural event would be most likely to contribute to the cooling of the Earth's atmosphere? A) Earthquake B) Volcanism C) Hurricane D) Tsunami E) Monsoon

B) Volcanism

Stratospheric ozone depletion is most likely to result in which of following? A) Increased growth of food crops due to increasing amounts of ultraviolet radiation B) Extended grazing season for cattle C) Disruption of photosynthesis in plants D) Increased movement of the human pop toward equatorial regions E) A higher percentage of cloudless days

C) Disruption of photosynthesis in plants

Which of the following practics is consistent with the production of organic crops according to the US department of agriculture? A) Using sodium nitrate as a fertilizer on green, leaft vegetables B) Using strychnine to prevent buildup of aphid populations in field crops C) Using chemicals knowns as pheromones to disrupt insect mating cycles D) Using sewage sludge to improve the fertility and structure of soil E) Using genetically modified plant varietes that kill insects that chew their leaves

C) Using chemicals knowns as pheromones to disrupt insect mating cycles

The chart above compares the daily water use per person to the price of water in selected countries. Which of the following conclusions can be correctly drawn using only the data in the chart? A) Water use and water price are directly proportional B) Increased water use causes prices to decline C) Increased prices cause water use to decline D) Increased water use is generally correlated with lower water prices E) Water is more plentiful in the US and Canada than in other countries

D) Increased water use is generally correlated with lower water prices

The major cause for the decline in the worldwide catch of fish since 1990 is A) Acid deposition B) Excalating price of fuel C) Competition of aquaculture D) Overfishing E) Decline in market price

D) Overfishing

Which of the following describes a fundamental characterisitic of the green revolution in food resources? A) The application of higher levels of organix fertilizers to increase rice production B) Deforestation to provide field crops with increased sunlight for photosynthesis C) The addition of calorie, fat, and fiber percentages to the information provided on food package labels D) The development of new strains of crops with higher yields E) The discovery that chlorophyll adds nutritional value to wheat, rice, and sorghum

D) The development of new strains of crops with higher yields

Many scientists maintain that a rise in sea level has occured in the last hundred years as a result of global warming. If this is true, which of the following factors best explains such as rise? A) Increased percipitation B) Increased cloud cover C) Increased evapotranspiration D) Thermal expansion of the ocean E) Melting of permafrost

D) Thermal expansion of the ocean

Which of the following is true of farm-raised salmon? A) They are more genetically diverse than their wild counterparts B) They seldom escape from their containment areas C) They have no impact on the quality of water in which they are raised D) They are often infected with parasites and lice E) They are maintained at lower population densitites than are wild salmon

D) They are often infected with parasites and lice

Which of the following will occur if the trend of global temperature increase continues? A) Night Temperatures will decrease as day temperatures increase B) Tropical areas will become cooler than they currently are C) Sea levels will drop due to increased evaporation D) The incidence of insect-borne diseases will increase E) The troposphere will contain more water vapor

E) The troposphere will contain more water vapor