environmental science chapter 4-8
the world human population reached 1 million in...
1800
The USDA estimates .... percent of conventionally grown foods are contaminated with pesticide residue
73%
T or F. Human population growth most closely resembles the S shaped growth curve.
False
An LD50 is a dose of a toxic chemical that...
kills half the population
in general, the global range of world desserts are...
increasing bc of logging and grazing
the causes of deforestation include the following factors, except - logging - agriculture - shifting cultivation - building roads - indigenous people
indigenous people
Most commercial loggers prefer "clear-cut" harvesting because it...
is the most efficient, cheapest harvest method using large, fast machinery instead of costly labor
A natural form of fertilizer would be
manure
wind erosion is most likely to cause problems in
open, arid regions
Most public rangelands are in poor condition due to...
overcrowding of private livestock
All are common modern agriculture methods except: - aquaculture farms - plowing with machines - irrigating with drip systems - using chemical fertilizers - plowing fields
plowing fields
world population growth increased rapidly due to all of the following factors except? -increased sailing - agricultural developments - improved healthcare - political unrest - better sources of power
political unrest
Contour plowing and strip farming are methods designed to
prevent water and soil loss
Which of the following is not a benefit of high biodiversity? - aesthetic and cultural value - potential medicinal value - potential sources of food - ecological value - production of carbon dioxide
production of carbon dioxide
Which forest harvest method would leave the forest as close to a natural old growth forest as possible?
selective harvesting
what is the advantage of GMO crops?
they can be designed to resist drought; they offer improved resistance to pests and diseases; they can be engineered to improve yield; they can be altered to provide vaccines
Although most of the world's forests are shrinking, biologists are especially concerned about tropical forest loss because...
they contain such high biodiversity
the main reason that there are relatively few invertebrates categorized as endangered species is because...
we consider other groups, such as mammals, to be more interesting and desirable
obesity is a disease that affects
wealthy, developed nations
many demographers believe that birth rates generally decrease as the level of development increases because...
women tend to have more influence in family planning
in general, funding for recovery programs is given to species that are
most well known
the location of specific biomes can be predicted based on ______ and _____
precipitations and temperature
the EPA usually assumes an acceptable risk for environmental hazards is about 1 in...
1 million
how are bioaccumulation and biomagnification different?
bioaccumulation occurs in an individual, while bio magnification occurs through the food.
historically, the greatest threat to grasslands has been
conversion to farmland
One possible solution to the problem of insufficient land area for preserves is to use ...... to link smaller habitat areas
corridors
which of these is not a benefit found with reduced tillage farming?
decreased insects and weeds
methods of managing topography include all but which of the following: - terracing - contour plowing - deep tilling - strip-farming
deep tilling
ecological diversity is a measure of the number of...
different kinds of organisms within a community or ecosystem
historically, up until the middle ages, populations were mostly limited by
disease, famine, and war
since tropical forests typically have only few commercially valuable trees per acre, logging operations...
do extensive damage because of road building and injury to surrounding trees
Famines are most often serious when there is
drought and war together
the number of children born to an average woman in a population during her entire reproductive life is called...
total fertility rate
T or F. Estuaries are often referred to as nursery areas due to the number of organisms that use them for breeding.
true
seasonal migration allows grazing livestock to...
use marginal lands year after year with modest environmental damage
in the formula I=PAT, what would be representative of the 'A'?
Driving an SUV
Generally speaking, wealthy, developed nations have a smaller human ecological footprint than poorer, less developed nations.
False
T or F. The number of GMOs and the acreage devoted to growing them has decreased in the past 15 years bc of the huge number of opponents.
False
T or F. US National parks are manages by the US fish and wildlife service.
False
T or F. so far, the most successful and popular solutions to global overpopulation has/have been mandatory sterilization.
False
Which of the following statements about trade in endangered species is false? - the principal importers of endangered species are developed countries - overharvesting affects animals more than plants - people who say they are animal lovers are the main contributors to the trade - the principal exporters of endangered special are developing countries
Overharvesting affects animals more than plants
A major limiting factor to success of parks and reserves in developing nations would be the lack of money and infrastructure to manage parks and preserves
True
T or F. Estuaries contain a mix of fresh and salt water
True
T or F. More than 70% of all soybeans, corn, and cotton grown in the US are genetically modified
True
T or F. The loss of forests can affect rainfall patterns
True
T or F. Tropical rainforests have high species diversity bc they have highly developed, diverse niche opportunities and habitats.
True
T or F. genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are made by taking bits of DNA from different sources to create desired characteristics in an organism
True
REDD is a forest protection program sponsored by the...
United Nations Environment Program
with respect to exposure to toxins which statement is correct?
acute effects are the immediate results of a single exposure; chronic effects are those that are long lasting
national parks are an important part of our heritage, but they...
are endangered by overcrowding, pollution, and in some places, mining
we are usually referring to species diversity when we talk about biodiversity. However, genetic diversity is also important to ecological systems because diverse genes...
are necessary for a populations to evolve in a changing environment
you can participate in sustainable agriculture by
eating locally lower on the food chain and participating in CSAs.
Infectious diseases that were previously not known or described for at least the prior 20 years
emergent diseases
The main threat for the current high rate of extinctions is...
habitat destruction worldwide
the demographic transition refers to a country's change from...
high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates
the biomagnification of DDT demonstrates that
higher trophic level organisms can concentrate toxins in a type of "inverse biological pyramid"
High responder crops of the green revolution produce tremendous yields
in response to fertilizers, pesticides, and irrigation and only "good" yields in less than ideal situations
the objective of a species recovery plan is to...
increase an endangered species population until it is no longer endangered
Over the past decade, the number of park visitors has ________ and park budgets have ______
increased by 1/3; decreased by about 25%