environmental science chapter 4-8

the world human population reached 1 million in...

1800

The USDA estimates .... percent of conventionally grown foods are contaminated with pesticide residue

73%

T or F. Human population growth most closely resembles the S shaped growth curve.

False

An LD50 is a dose of a toxic chemical that...

kills half the population

in general, the global range of world desserts are...

increasing bc of logging and grazing

the causes of deforestation include the following factors, except - logging - agriculture - shifting cultivation - building roads - indigenous people

indigenous people

Most commercial loggers prefer "clear-cut" harvesting because it...

is the most efficient, cheapest harvest method using large, fast machinery instead of costly labor

A natural form of fertilizer would be

manure

wind erosion is most likely to cause problems in

open, arid regions

Most public rangelands are in poor condition due to...

overcrowding of private livestock

All are common modern agriculture methods except: - aquaculture farms - plowing with machines - irrigating with drip systems - using chemical fertilizers - plowing fields

plowing fields

world population growth increased rapidly due to all of the following factors except? -increased sailing - agricultural developments - improved healthcare - political unrest - better sources of power

political unrest

Contour plowing and strip farming are methods designed to

prevent water and soil loss

Which of the following is not a benefit of high biodiversity? - aesthetic and cultural value - potential medicinal value - potential sources of food - ecological value - production of carbon dioxide

production of carbon dioxide

Which forest harvest method would leave the forest as close to a natural old growth forest as possible?

selective harvesting

what is the advantage of GMO crops?

they can be designed to resist drought; they offer improved resistance to pests and diseases; they can be engineered to improve yield; they can be altered to provide vaccines

Although most of the world's forests are shrinking, biologists are especially concerned about tropical forest loss because...

they contain such high biodiversity

the main reason that there are relatively few invertebrates categorized as endangered species is because...

we consider other groups, such as mammals, to be more interesting and desirable

obesity is a disease that affects

wealthy, developed nations

many demographers believe that birth rates generally decrease as the level of development increases because...

women tend to have more influence in family planning

in general, funding for recovery programs is given to species that are

most well known

the location of specific biomes can be predicted based on ______ and _____

precipitations and temperature

the EPA usually assumes an acceptable risk for environmental hazards is about 1 in...

1 million

how are bioaccumulation and biomagnification different?

bioaccumulation occurs in an individual, while bio magnification occurs through the food.

historically, the greatest threat to grasslands has been

conversion to farmland

One possible solution to the problem of insufficient land area for preserves is to use ...... to link smaller habitat areas

corridors

which of these is not a benefit found with reduced tillage farming?

decreased insects and weeds

methods of managing topography include all but which of the following: - terracing - contour plowing - deep tilling - strip-farming

deep tilling

ecological diversity is a measure of the number of...

different kinds of organisms within a community or ecosystem

historically, up until the middle ages, populations were mostly limited by

disease, famine, and war

since tropical forests typically have only few commercially valuable trees per acre, logging operations...

do extensive damage because of road building and injury to surrounding trees

Famines are most often serious when there is

drought and war together

the number of children born to an average woman in a population during her entire reproductive life is called...

total fertility rate

T or F. Estuaries are often referred to as nursery areas due to the number of organisms that use them for breeding.

true

seasonal migration allows grazing livestock to...

use marginal lands year after year with modest environmental damage

in the formula I=PAT, what would be representative of the 'A'?

Driving an SUV

Generally speaking, wealthy, developed nations have a smaller human ecological footprint than poorer, less developed nations.

False

T or F. The number of GMOs and the acreage devoted to growing them has decreased in the past 15 years bc of the huge number of opponents.

False

T or F. US National parks are manages by the US fish and wildlife service.

False

T or F. so far, the most successful and popular solutions to global overpopulation has/have been mandatory sterilization.

False

Which of the following statements about trade in endangered species is false? - the principal importers of endangered species are developed countries - overharvesting affects animals more than plants - people who say they are animal lovers are the main contributors to the trade - the principal exporters of endangered special are developing countries

Overharvesting affects animals more than plants

A major limiting factor to success of parks and reserves in developing nations would be the lack of money and infrastructure to manage parks and preserves

True

T or F. Estuaries contain a mix of fresh and salt water

True

T or F. More than 70% of all soybeans, corn, and cotton grown in the US are genetically modified

True

T or F. The loss of forests can affect rainfall patterns

True

T or F. Tropical rainforests have high species diversity bc they have highly developed, diverse niche opportunities and habitats.

True

T or F. genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are made by taking bits of DNA from different sources to create desired characteristics in an organism

True

REDD is a forest protection program sponsored by the...

United Nations Environment Program

with respect to exposure to toxins which statement is correct?

acute effects are the immediate results of a single exposure; chronic effects are those that are long lasting

national parks are an important part of our heritage, but they...

are endangered by overcrowding, pollution, and in some places, mining

we are usually referring to species diversity when we talk about biodiversity. However, genetic diversity is also important to ecological systems because diverse genes...

are necessary for a populations to evolve in a changing environment

you can participate in sustainable agriculture by

eating locally lower on the food chain and participating in CSAs.

Infectious diseases that were previously not known or described for at least the prior 20 years

emergent diseases

The main threat for the current high rate of extinctions is...

habitat destruction worldwide

the demographic transition refers to a country's change from...

high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates

the biomagnification of DDT demonstrates that

higher trophic level organisms can concentrate toxins in a type of "inverse biological pyramid"

High responder crops of the green revolution produce tremendous yields

in response to fertilizers, pesticides, and irrigation and only "good" yields in less than ideal situations

the objective of a species recovery plan is to...

increase an endangered species population until it is no longer endangered

Over the past decade, the number of park visitors has ________ and park budgets have ______

increased by 1/3; decreased by about 25%