Environmental Science Chapter 7 Vocab- Lauren

photysynthesis

How do plants make their food?

oysters, shellfish, and migratory birds

What animals can be found in an estuary?

salt tolerant

What are all the plants in a Mangrove Swamp?

poor drainage of glacier lakes

What are bogs the result of?

whales, sea turtles, dolphins, and fish

What are examples of Nekton?

bacteria and fungi

What are examples of decomposers?

carry pollutants into other soil and bodies of water

What can runoff from Eutrophic Lakes do?

runoff

What causes algal blooms?

filter out pollution and sediments, protect shorelines from erosion, and floods

What do coastal wetlands do?

create an algal bloom

What do nitrates do in eutrophication?

flooding and erosion

What do wetlands prevent?

limestone

What does Coral Polyps release?

depletes the dissolved oxygen

What does Eutrophication do to oxygen?

the species becoming increasingly underpopulated

What does overfishing result in?

oxygen

What is a river full of?

throughout the temperate and subarctic regions

Where are Salt Marshes primarily found?

cool northern climates

Where are bogs found?

Coastal Wetlands

covered by salt water for all or part of the year

Phytoplankton

drifting algae; are the food base for aquatic ecosystems; mostly microscopic; can do photosynthesis found on the surface of wetlands because they need the sun to photosynthesis

Zooplankton

drifting animals; may be microscopic or large; cannot do photosynthesis; can prey on themselves or phytoplankton; found near the surface of wetlands such as lakes and swamps

Nekton

free-swimming organisms

Littoral Zone

is the grassy, reedy, marshy perimeter along the banks of our waterways

Flood Control

means to protect land from water overflow

Rhizoid

operate as roots and attaches the plant to rocks using rhizoids

plankton

organisms that cannot swim against currents, so they are drifters

Decomposers

organisms that feed by breaking down organic matter from dead organisms

Chemosynthesis

process in which chemical energy is used to produce carbohydrates

Brackish

slightly salty, as is the mixture of river water and seawater in estuaries

Benthic Zone

the lowest ecological zone in a water body, are usually involves the sediments at the seafloor

Photosynthesis

the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce carbohydrates and oxygen

Overfishing

the removal of a species of fish from a body of water at a rate greater than the species can replenish its population naturally

Coral Polyps

tiny, soft-bodied organisms related to sea anemones and jellyfish that live on coral reefs

runoff

water that flows over the ground surface rather than soaking into the ground

Coral Bleaching

when the water that coral live in is too hot, cold, muddy, or polluted, the algae that lives in the coral will die

Bogs

a freshwater wetland of soft, spongy ground consisting mainly of partially decayed plant matter called peat

Coral Reefs

a limestone ridge, built by tiny coral animals called coral polyps, found in tropical climates and composed of coral fragments that are deposits around organic remaisn

Barrier Islands

a long ridge of sand or narrow island that lies parallel to the shore

Salt marsh

a maritime habitat characterized by grasses, sedges, and other plants that have adapted to continual, periodic flooding

Estuary

a partially enclosed coastal body of brackish water with one or more rivers or streams flower into it, and with a free connection to the open sea

Dam

a structure that is built across a river to control a river's flow

Mangrove Swamp

a tropical or subtropical marine swamp that is characterized by the abundance of low to tall tress especially, especially mangrove tress

Fens

a type of wetland from either ground or surface water; one of the main types of wetlands along with marshes, swamps, and bogs

Eutrophication

an increase in the amount of nutrients such as nitrates in a marine and aquatic ecosystem

wetland

areas of land that are periodically underwater of whose soil contains a great deal of moisture

Benthos

bottom dwellers such as mussels, worms and barnacles.