Enzymes and Chemical Reactions Test

What do most enzymes end with?

-ase

What is the optimal pH for intestinal Trypsin (look back at your POGIL Model 7 )?

7.8-8.7

Describe what a catalyst does?

A catalyst is a chemical agent that speeds up a chemical reaction

Define catalyst?

A substance that increases the rate of a reaction but is not used up during the reaction

The part of the enzyme where the substrate binds is called...

Active Site

Explain why enzymes are important to living things?

Chemical reactions would occur too slowly without them

Gastric protease is a protein-digesting enzyme found in the stomach. Intestinal protease is a protein-digesting enzyme found in the small intestines. When gastric protease enters the small intestine, the activity of this enzyme will most likely...(think about the pH)

Decrease

Enzyme A is a working enzyme and Enzyme B has been changed and can no longer do its job. If the active sites are still present, then why is Enzyme B no longer working?

Enzyme B's shape determines its function

Which of the factors below can affect the activity of an enzyme?

Temperature and pH

The graph shows two lines displaying the energy change for a reaction with an enzyme and without an enzyme (refer to the bottom of Model 8 in your POGIL). Explain why the two lines are different in terms of activation energy and time of the reaction.

The enzyme lowered the activation energy needed for the reaction to occur, so it went faster

In the genetic disorder Tay Sachs Disease, the enzyme responsible for breaking down fats in the brain are misshapen. Determine what effect this would have on the body.

The enzyme would be unable to bind the substrate, so fats would build up in the brain

Amylase catalyzes the breakdown of carbohydrates and is present in saliva. Pepsin is an enzyme that breaks down proteins in the stomach. When amylase reaches the stomach it no longer functions. Why?

The pH of the stomach is too low causing amylase to denature

Protease is an enzyme found in our small intestine that breaks down the proteins in meat into individual amino acids. During this reaction, protease

Will bind only one type of substrate and will hydrolyze bonds or break bonds between amino acids

Hayley is designing an experiment to analyze the effect of temperature and pH on the activity of the human enzyme pepsin. This enzyme is found in the stomach. What are the most likely conditions at which the enzyme works most effectively (based on Temp. and pH)?

at a temperature close to 99oF and acidic conditions

An enzyme is which type of macromolecule?

protein