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4B. To what extent are strategies to promote the conservation of biodiversity successful?

Strategies to conserve biodiversity may consist of anti deforestation or anti poaching. But the issue with these problems is that everyone who participates in these activities does it illegally. One example is pine oil in Indonesia. People burn the forest illegally in harvesting plants and create illegal pine oil. Due to these activities being done illegally, the people are very hard to fine therefore leading to a much bigger and harder issue to cover. This makes the strategies very hard to solve and help in, so somewhat these strategies are successful with getting a message across, but action is very hard. If these illegal workers were caught these strategies would be very helpful and would save thousands of wildlife animal.

4A. Outline the factors that contribute to total biodiversity of an ecosystem.

Biodiversity is defined as the variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or ecosystem. Species have varied numbers of population in ecosystems, affecting the biodiversity of an ecosystem, this of course depends on the reproduction rate of that species and will also define wether they are the reining species of that ecosystem. Enviornmental issues also affects biodiversity, such as a a mountain of colder climates, this will lead to different adaptations of animals and more biodiversity.

5B. Using examples, discuss whether habitat conservation is more successful than a species-based approach to protecting threatened species.

Habitat conservation could be much more successful than a species-based approach. One example is the pine oil forests in Indonisa. These forest inhabit millions of animals and species, and the forests are just being burnt down. Some of these animals are very important and going extinct due to illegal poaching and wildfires. If these illegal people would stop doing the illegal work such as burning the forests millions of species would live and thrive in the forests. Some of these animals are very important to our ecosystems, such as the African Elephant. This method will help more species benefit from the mitigation strategies. A species-based approach would just help protect a single species and the others would still be fighting for their lives, this is why a habitat conservation method would be more ideal.

5A. Explain the causes, and the possible consequences, of the loss of a named critically endangered species.

Lots of species go extinct due to habitat loss, this is mainly a problem from deforestation. They also go extinct due to pollution or poaching with are both human issues. One example of an animal that goes through these issues is the African Elephant. These animals face poaching and deforestation and are one of the most important animals of the rainforests. These elephants help keep a balance in the carbon store and the food chain. By these elephants being poached and endangered, their contribution in the food chain may become very limited. These elephants eat the smaller trees that wont grow to bigger ones, the smaller ones don't have as big of a carbon store as the bigger trees. If these animals go extinct then the carbon store of our earth will face issues.

1A. Outline the ways in which natural selection has contributed to biodiversity.

Natural selection is the ability of an organism to survive the threats that it is give eg. camouflage, animals with better traits will survive various conditions and survive in their habitats This leads to many different types and apperances of animals, leading to different and various biodersity. An example of this is white vs black bark moths, white blends in with white birch where as black blends in with bark. Natural selection favours species in different habitats leading to loads of bio diversity.

2A. Describe the role of isolation in natural selection.

Natural selection might hurt isolation because some animals will be adapted to a certain enviroment where as another animal will be the reverse. But the problem is barriers of isolation either geological or reproductive barriers may lead to the isolation of a species, there for no miss matched features. This may leads to problems as a species that has a unique and certain factor going extinct which will cause future adaptation problems. This will lead to more extintion because of the change in other environments and animals arent adapted to these conditons.

6. Describe two factors that may be used to determine a species' Red List status and how each may be affected by human activity.

One factor from the red list that could be affected by human activity is population size and population reduction of species. Millions of different species are being poached by humans, this may be through just mass killings or the deforestation of important forests. Examples of deforestation is the burning of palm oil trees in Indonesian rainforests.

1B. Atmospheric and plate activity have affected the distribution and diversity of systems within the biosphere. Explain the role that plate activity has in the diversity of ecosystems.

Plate movements change our world around us and helped for the beginning of the earth, plate movement creates structures like mountains or revines. Plate movement changes diversity and distribution in wildlife based on adaptations. Some animals may be adapted to a higher climate and colder conditons where as another animal may be the reverse. An example could be a mountain goat living on a mountain where as a rhino may have trouble living up there based of terrain. Other movements may consist of disasters such as volcanic eruption, which could kill loads of animals and possibly even start new ecosystems that may benefit from a changed enviornment.

2B.For a named endangered species, discuss why it is endangered and why it should be conserved.

The African forest elephant is a listed endangered species from the IUCN Red list. These elephants have issues facing poaching and deforestation. People poach these animals for their tusks to be used in various crafts. These consist of pianos, furniture and other household items. The problem is, these animals are being poached at a very high rate, higher than their reproduction rate causing massive issues. These elephants keep a biological lift on the ecosystems by effecting the food chain of certain ecosystems in balance. Killing these animals will of course set a off balance in the food chain revealing future issues. These animals should be conserved due to their necesities and contributions in the ecosystem that surrounds them, and they also impact our lives. These elephant help us by by reducing the number of small trees, modify forest conditions allowing trees to grow larger and favoring "hard wood" trees which store more carbon. With a bigger carbon store it will help our world wide issue of carbon emissions. If these animals are killed, trees will start to grow in ways that wont benefit us and instead worsen our future.

3. Outline how global rates of extinction have changed over time.

The global rate of extinction has had a couple major spikes during the earlier stages of development before man kind. An example is the extinction of the dinosaurs, this was a massive extinction that happened before humans were on the earth. After this extinction levels have been relatively stable over long periods. Although the human era is close to putting many animals into extinction once again. Other natural disasters such as volcanic eruptions have wiped out animal species over the world, but others have been much more severe. Over all the extinction rates havent changed majorly after the asteroid impact a long time ago.