Ethics ch.11

1) Its provisions were binding on signatories.

How did the Paris Agreement differ from the Kyoto Protocol? 1) Its provisions were binding on signatories. 2) Fewer countries participated. 3) It did not make GHG emissions a priority. 4) It was less strict on developing countries like China.

1) It receives certification from a qualified third party.

How does a company acquire certification that it has produced a cradle-to-cradle product? 1) It receives certification from a qualified third party. 2) It employs a self-certification process. 3) The federal government certifies the product. 4) The appropriate state governmental authority certifies it.

3) It consumes slightly less water.

How does an LEED-certified building differ from the average traditional building? 1) It is made without asbestos. 2) It is made of recycled materials. 3) It consumes slightly less water. 4) It produces less than half the amount of CO2 emissions.

2) Internal politics has had a bigger effect on consistency of U.S. efforts to reduce GHG.

How does the U.S. differ from the European Union in terms of efforts to reduce GHG emissions? 1) The U.S. has made a bigger reduction in its GHG emissions. 2) Internal politics has had a bigger effect on consistency of U.S. efforts to reduce GHG. 3) The U.S. has chosen to place a carbon tax on companies, while the EU has not. 4) The U.S. has managed to stay consistent with its 1990 GHG levels.

2) It began reducing GHG emissions long before China.

How has European Union GHG emissions reduction differed from Chinese emissions reduction? 1) It pledged a steeper rate of reduction of GHG emissions in Paris. 2) It began reducing GHG emissions long before China. 3) It has pledged to enact higher energy efficiency standards. 4) It is seeking to create low-carbon cities.

1) They are much more ambitious and aspirational.

How have Walmart's long-term goals differed from its short-term goals? 1) They are much more ambitious and aspirational. 2) They are much more profit-centered. 3) They are relatively easier to achieve. 4) They are more related to emissions than waste.

2) Assign one specific manager responsibility for implementing an environmental program.

The CEO of a company has decided to make that company an eco-friendly organization. What should be the CEO's first step in starting this process? 1) Involve all employees by taking a survey about initiatives that would be most popular. 2) Assign one specific manager responsibility for implementing an environmental program. 3) Create a council among executive leadership with responsibility for implementing sustainability. 4) Copy the sustainability program of an environmental leader like Walmart or Coca-Cola.

1) a cap-and-trade system

Through what process does the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) seek to reduce greenhouse emissions? 1) a cap-and-trade system 2) a requirement for regular introduction of energy-efficient machinery 3) governmental fines for use of fossil fuels 4) tax incentives for GHG reductions

4) any 350 million people living an American lifestyle

What constitutes an Americum? 1) North and South America 2) any continental grouping of people living an American lifestyle 3) the sum total of the American people's greenhouse gas contribution in a year 4) any 350 million people living an American lifestyle

2) plans to record a benchmark of global GHG emissions at the 1990 level

What contribution did the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro make to efforts involving human-caused climate change? 1) a nonspecific accord of good faith 2) plans to record a benchmark of global GHG emissions at the 1990 level 3) plans to reduce global GHG emissions by 5 percent overall 4) plans to freeze global GHG emissions at 1990 levels

1) the industrialization of undeveloped nations

What general trend in human development is likely to increase the rate of global warming or the effects of global warming in the future? 1) the industrialization of undeveloped nations 2) the maturing of developed nations 3) the movement of peoples away from coastal areas 4) the leveling off of population growth

4) keeping global temperatures at 2°C above preindustrial levels

What goal did In the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) set in 2009 with respect to global warming? 1) cutting global CO2 emissions in half by 2020 2) reducing human CO2 emissions to preindustrial levels 3) returning global temperatures to preindustrial levels 4) keeping global temperatures at 2°C above preindustrial levels

4) It does a lot to advertise company values to the public.

What is a major benefit for a company of building a green building? 1) It makes the company much more profitable. 2) It ensures positive media exposure. 3) It has low up-front costs but high energy-savings. 4) It does a lot to advertise company values to the public.

4) triple bottom line

What is used to assess companies involved in the SRI market? 1) Theory X 2) balanced scorecard 3) SMART goals 4) triple bottom line

3) legal challenges

What strategy did the Environmental Defense Fund and the Natural Resources Defense Council primarily use to combat environmental degradation? 1) lobbying 2) citizen mobilization 3) legal challenges 4) financing politicians

1) It was one of the very rare environmental protection acts prior to the 1960s.

What was remarkable about the Refuse Act of 1899? 1) It was one of the very rare environmental protection acts prior to the 1960s. 2) It sought to protect the environment but actually made things worse. 3) It was entirely created and passed by a citizen's movement. 4) It was sponsored by businesses, not citizens.

1) have to develop and abide by CO2 emissions targets

When China enacts a low-carbon city, that city will ______. 1) have to develop and abide by CO2 emissions targets 2) have to be run almost entirely with green energy 3) be capped at a certain level of economic output 4) not be allowed to have fossil-fuel using industries

2) late 1700s

When did the Industrial Revolution begin in the United States? 1) early 1700s 2) late 1700s 3) early 1800s 4) late 1800s

1) It is unable to reduce its carbon footprint as much as it would like.

Why would a company purchase carbon offsets? 1) It is unable to reduce its carbon footprint as much as it would like. 2) It wants to acquire another company's governmental carbon allowances. 3) It is unable to develop an environmental management system. 4) It is uninterested in trying to protect the environment.

4) India would have been exempt from reducing emissions, unlike the U.S.

Why would the Kyoto Protocol have affected the U.S. in a different way than it would have affected India? 1) The U.S. population is growing more rapidly than the Indian population. 2) India would have had to reduce emissions less because it is not pursuing an industrialized path. 3) India would have received economic assistance to help with industrialization. 4) India would have been exempt from reducing emissions, unlike the U.S.