EUROPEAN HISTORY SECTION I, Part A Time -- 55 minutes 55 Questions

Which of the following economic thinkers would most likely agree with Bentham's argument?

Adam Smith

Which of the following was the most significant factor contributing to the rivalry depicted in the cartoon?

Britain's economic reliance on an overseas colonial empire

Bentham's arguments concerning personal liberty reflect most closely the principles of the

Enlightenment

Voltaire's mockery of the notion of one true religion in the second paragraph of the passage is most directly influenced by which of the following?

Europeans' deeper awareness of the world's cultural diversity, gained through scientific exploration and travelers' accounts

Marinetti's manifesto had the greatest influence on which of the following political groups?

Fascists

Descartes' understanding of the human body, as shown in the image, is most similar to which of the following?

Newton's notion of a mechanistic universe

How did Phillip II's religious policies illustrated in the passage compare to the policies pursued by other fifteenth- and sixteenth-century European monarchs?

Philip's policies controlling religious beliefs and practices were similar to the policies of most other monarchs at the time

The events described in the passage best illustrate which of the following aspects of the religious conflicts in Europe in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries?

Protestants made effective use of the increased availability of printing technology to spread their ideas

The manifesto's reference to "beautiful ideas worth dying for" was most likely influenced by which of the following nineteenth-century intellectual movements?

Romanticism

Which of the following was a long-term trend that emerged in response to the economic patterns represented in the table?

Western European women began to delay marriage to limit the number of children they would have

The long-term economic effect in Europe of the establishment of trading networks and colonies such as the one described in the passage was

a shift in the center of economic power from the Mediterranean to the Atlantic states

The persistence of the social and economic system illustrated by the passage contributed strongly to which of the following?

an increasing productivity gap between Russia and industrialized Europe

In subsequent years, the French government used the institutions created by the decree to

attempt to spread French Revolutionary ideals throughout Europe

Which of the following best supports de Vries' argument?

before the advent of the steam engine, a dense network of canals and roads had been built in Britain in response to the growing commercialization of agriculture and manufacturing

The conventional view of pre-industrial economies as incapable of sustained economic growth was in part informed by which of the following assumptions?

before the middle of the eighteenth century, the European population was subject to Multhusian crises

Marinetti's "scorn for woman" was most likely a reaction to which of the following?

declining birth rates after industrialization

Other European states reacted to the Portuguese establishment of a trading-post empire by

developing rival colonies and overseas trading networks

The French government issued the decree primarily in response to

domestic unrest and foreign aggression against the radical Revolutionary government

The two sources together best support which of the following statements about late-nineteenth-century European governments and public education?

governments used the expansion of public education as an opportunity to promote nationalist sentiment

Bentham's argument in the passage is best explained in the context of the

increasing use of credit for complex financial transactions

The rivalry depicted in the cartoon had which of the following effects on European politics in the period before the First World War?

it undermined Germany's efforts to isolate France diplomatically

Compared with a late-nineteenth-century Social Darwinist view of the world, Voltaire's view in the passage is

less accepting of the idea that humans are rational animals

Compared with Luther's sixteenth-century critique of the Roman Catholic Church, Voltaire's critique in the first paragraph of the passage is

less reliant on using Scripture to challenge Catholic tradition

A historian of nineteenth-century European society is most likely to use Image 2 as evidence that

many men feared that women's participation in the public sphere would undermine the established social order

Which of the following is best supported by the passage?

owning and reading Protestant religious literature was illegal in Spain

Which of the following best explains the changes in wages for unskilled laborers indicated by the data in the table?

population growth in a relatively stagnant economy

The ideas expressed in the passage best illustrate which of the following about Enlightenment intellectuals?

some of them believed that the discoveries of new science warranted new approaches to social and cultural issues

In 1881 and 1882, the French government passed laws making primary education free and compulsory for all children in France. Based on the data in Source 1, all of the following likely influenced French legislators in passing the laws EXCEPT a concern that

supporting a large number of small schools was economically inefficient

Which of the following contributed the most to the overall pattern shown in Table 2?

the "economic miracle" in Western Europe

Which of the following was the main cause of the economic developments reflected in Table 1?

the adoption of the Soviet model of rapid industrialization and economic planning by COMECON countries

The pattern shown in the table was partly an effect of which of the following changes in the economy of western Europe?

the breakdown of traditional economic systems and the increasing commercialization of agriculture

The passage provides evidence for which of the following features of Russian society?

the continued dominance of landowning elites

Countries in the coalitions that opposed Revolutionary and Napoleonic France were most eager to adopt which provision of the decree?

the creation of nationally based mass conscript armies

The Portuguese slave trade described in the passage led most directly to which of the following?

the establishment of a European-dominated system of plantation agriculture

After the Second World War, European states undertook which of the following to address the circumstances depicted in the poster?

the expansion of social welfare programs

The poster is most clearly evidence for which of the following trends in the period it was printed?

the exploitation of economic suffering to promote radical politics

Compared with a historian espousing the more traditntal view of the Industrial Revolution as a truly transformative event, de Vries would be more likely to emphasize the importance of all of the following EXCEPT

the greater ability of investors to profit from their inventions due to government support

The Futurist movement was most clearly part of which of the following intellectual trends in the early twentieth century?

the growing discontent with the conventions and values of contemporary society

In the late nineteenth-century, the ideals of family life and gender roles reflected in the two images underwent which of the following transformations?

the ideals were increasingly adopted by working-class families

The licensing of trade described in the passage is an example of which of the following state policies?

the implementation of mercantilism to promote the state's economic interests

Bentham's argument exemplifies which of the following processes at work in eighteenth-century Europe?

the loosening of traditional moral restrictions on economic activity

The economic conditions portrayed in the poster are most directly a result of which a result of which of the following?

the onset of the Great Depression

Which of the following events marked the effective end of Spain's ability to act as a champion of Catholicism in Europe?

the outcome of the Thirty Years' War (1648)

The estate owner's admonition that the Tsar cannot give orders directly to the serfs is best understood in the context of which of the following?

the push by reformers to end serfdom

The material prosperity evident in Image I was in part attributable to which of the following?

the restoration of political stability in the aftermath of the Congress of Vienna

In addition to being informed by general principles, Voltaire's concern with promoting religious toleration was primarily relevant to supporters of the Enlightenment in eighteenth-century France because

the revocation of the Edict of Nantes by King Louis XIV in 1685 had led to the persecution of members of the Protestant minority

The events alluded to in the last two sentences of Source 2 are most directly related to which of the following?

the unification of Germany

The image demonstrates which of the following regarding scientific advances in early modern Europe?

they used information obtained through dissection to reconceptualize the body as an integrated system

Which of the following best describes the intended purpose of the cartoon?

to portray the British naval buildup as a justifiable reaction to a German threat