Exam 1

"Research has shown that supply reduction (drug seizures, interruption of people involved with the drug trade) is a more effective strategy than demand reduction (drug abuse treatment and prevention)"

False

In the United States, the legal drinking age varies from state to state.

False

Limiting the places where tobacco smoking is permitted has not reduced the use of tobacco in the United States or other countries where such policies have been implemented.

False

The British encouraged the planting of hemp in the new American colonies for which of the following reasons?

To provide England with strong fibers from which it could make rope and sails for its ships

The most crucial neurotransmitter involved in behavioral addictions, drug use, and drug abuse is:

Dopamine

When the human body is continually challenged by the use of drugs that alter the body's natural balance, a new normal is created, know as?

Allostasis

The emotional center of the brain that is activated when a person with an addiction sees a person, place, or thing that reminds him of their addiction (e.g. needle, slot machine, white powder) is called the...

Amygdala

According to the authors of Uppers, Downers, and All Arounders, a psychoactive drug is defined as...

Any substance that directly alters the normal functioning of the central nervous system

The name of the primary evaluation document used in the United States to assess whether a person has a substance-related disorder is called the:

Diagnostic Statistical Manual

Tolerance to the mental effects of drugs always develops at the same rate as tolerance to the drug's physical effects.

False

A practical way to classify psychoactive substances is the following...

Stimulants, depressants, and psychedelics

The central nervous system is composed of the spinal cord and the brain.

True

The compulsive gamblers addiction pathway in the brain becomes hijacked similar to the ways the brain becomes rewired from alcohol and other drug addictions.

True

When drugs are taken orally, the effects are delayed approximately how long?

20-30 minutes

Which one of the following statements is true regarding addiction, including compulsive behaviors such as gambling?

Addiction is a disease analogous to that of diabetes

Which of the following is currently the most popular psychoactive substance worldwide?

Alcohol

Acetylcholine is the most crucial neurotransmitter involved in drug use and abuse.

False

Psychoactive drugs promote homeostatic conditions in the central nervous system.

False

The more rapidly a psychoactive drug reaches its central nervous system target, the less the reward and the lower the reinforcing effect.

False

The most rapid route of administering a drug to reach the brain in intravenously.

False

Which of the following statements is true?

Humankind has always had a desire to alter individual states of consciousness regardless of the potential for damage

There are several routes of administering drugs, and some reach the brain faster than others. Which of the following sequences correctly lists the routes of administration from the fastest to slowest fro getting drugs to the brain?

Inhaling (smoke), injecting (intravenous), mucous membrane absorption (nasal passage), oral ingestion

Which statement is true regarding intravenous drug use?

Intravenous drug use is the most dangerous method because it bypasses the bodies natural defenses

Using drugs to replace, supplement, or counterbalance the effects of a person's drug of choice is known as:

Polydrug use

The Eighteenth Amendment (the Volstead Act) was implemented to...

Prohibit the manufacture and the sale of any alcoholic beverage in the United States

A person's level of emotional and physical stress can increase the ability of psychoactive drugs to cross the blood-brain barrier.

True

Acute tolerance (tachyphylaxis) and adaptation to tobacco begins almost instantly with the first puff of a cigarette.

True

Addictive substances affect how neurons can down-regulate their brain receptors.

True

Because the blood-brain barrier is not formed until a child is 1-2 years old, any psychoactive substance used by a pregnant woman can be particularly harmful to a developing fetus.

True

Compulsive behaviors (e.g., binge eating, anorexia, bulimia, compulsive gambling, sexual compulsion, and Internet addiction) affect many of the same areas of the brain that are influenced by psychoactive drugs.

True

From our nation's early beginnings, the United States strictly regulated alcohol, opium, morphine, cannabis and other psychoactive medications.

True

Human brain chemistry can be affected by psychoactive drugs, behavioral addictions, and mental illness, to induce an altered state of consciousness.

True

Mexican cartels have replaced Colombian cartels in smuggling cocaine into the United States.

True

Synapses are able to change strength and function when a pathway is stressed, overused, or underused, such as by the intake of psychoactive substances.

True

The physical, mental, and emotional effects a person experiences from taking psychoactive drugs are caused by the modification or mimicking of the neurotransmitters function.

True

The potency of drugs today is due to technological advances in refining, synthesizing, and manufacturing methods.

True

When the body speeds up the metabolism and the breakdown of a drug, it is known as dispositional tolerance.

True

The Gin Epidemic...

Was brought under control through high taxes and the strict regulation of the sale of gin

Which of the following statements is true regarding the use of alcohol and other drugs by a woman who is pregnant?

The placenta is not an effective barrier, so if the mother uses, the baby uses

Active transport occurs when fat-soluble drugs pass from an area where there is a higher concentration of a drug to an area of lower concentration.

False