Exam 2 Bio 1063
water vapor
natural processes associated with the water cycle
How are shells formed
calcium carbonate
What is the main reason a tree grows
carbon
A stable gas that remains in the atmosphere for long periods of time, but can be removed from the atmosphere by photosynthesis, or dissolved in the ocean
carbon dioxide
Produced naturally during fires and volcanic activity
carbon dioxide
Which of the following terms, encompasses all the others?
climate change
Protons
positively charged subatomic particles
carbon dioxide
produces carbonic acid which leads to ocean acidification and negative impacts on shellfish.
Increased in the atmosphere due to the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation
carbon dioxide
Major contributor to global warming and climate change. Occurs both naturally and as a byproduct of burning fossils fuels, in particular coal.
carbon dioxide
When carbon dioxide interacts with water it forms__________
carbonic acid
NADPH
carrier of high energy electrons
mesophyll cells
cells that contain many chloroplasts and host the majority of photosynthesis
Minor contributor to global warming and climate change. Produced as a refrigerant and to make spray propellants.
chlorofluorocarbons
The abundance of these gases can lead to both warming and cooling of the climate of the planet, playing an important role in maintaining the __________ within a range that supports life.
climate
Includes changes in the average temperature and precipitation
Climate change
climate change
a change in global or regional climate patterns.
nitrous oxides
agricultural practices such as the use of fertilizers and the burning of fossil fuels
Acid
any substance the releases hydrogen ions. Solutions that are acidic have a low pH
The worldwide increase in average surface temperatures of Earth is called __________.
global warming
______ is a product of photosynthesis and is a carbon-based molecule that is the chief source of energy for most organisms.
glucose(sugar)
By increasing the levels of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, the natural _______________ is amplified, causing the temperature of the Earth's atmosphere, ocean, and land surface to rise.
greenhouse effect
The increased concentration of hydrogen ions results in a ___________of the pH of the aqueous environment.
lowering
Who is Jan Ingenhousz?
made experiment that showed the effect observed by priestly occurred with the plant being exposed to light -making photosynthesis-product is oxygen
An unstable gas that remains in the atmosphere for about a decade
methane
Atmospheric concentration is measured in parts per billion
methane
Increased in the atmosphere due to livestock, rice production, and landfills
methane
Major contributor to global warming and climate change. Occurs both naturally due to the breakdown of organic materials and as a result of human activity.
methane
Produced naturally during the decomposition of organic materials
methane
vector
something that moves an infectious agent (bacteria or virus) from one organism to another
carbon cycle
The organic circulation of carbon from the atmosphere into organisms and back again
Scientists studying global warming have noted an unusual trend in carbon dioxide level. Which of the following statements explains the trend of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?
The rise in carbon dioxide levels have occurred relatively rapidly.
Which part of solar energy is important in photosynthesis?
The visible light spectrum
ecosystem
a biological organization that represents the interaction between biotic factors. and abiotic factors
Carbon cycles naturally between
geologic and atmospheric reservoirs and living organisms.
Long-term changes in climate patterns
Climate change
This product of the reaction is able to release ____________ions into the watery solution
hydrogen
Why is CO2 important?
its ability to absorb infrared energy.
H20
source of electrons for the light dependent reactions
Grana
stacks of thylakoids
Which of the following carbon reservoirs do members of the biosphere exchange carbon with regularly?
the atmosphere
Hydrocarbons
Compounds composed of only carbon and hydrogen
What causes warmer oceans?
Coral bleaching
ATP
energy carrier of the cell
Ecosystem
interaction of a community and the physical environment.
Retains and releases 30 times more heat than other gases found in the atmosphere
methane
Autotrophs
organism that makes their own food
Population
organisms of the same species in a particular area.
Coal is a fossil fuel that results from pressure being exerted on plant and animal decay for millions of years. Oil and natural gas are also fossil fuels except they
in order of appearance formed mainly in the water
ozone
natural processes and the interaction of solar energy with pollutants in the lower atmosphere
Minor contributor to global warming and climate change. Occurs naturally in the atmosphere as part of the nitrogen cycle; it is also released from agricultural practices and the burning of fossil fuels.
nitrous oxides
The use of fertilizers contributes to which greenhouse gas to the atmosphere?
nitrous oxides
Carbon sinks are reservoirs that hold large amounts of carbon. Which of the following are considered to be carbon sinks?
oceans, fossil fuels under ground, and the atmosphere
Atmospheric concentration is measured in parts per million
carbon dioxide
How are fossil fuels formed?
decomposed organisms overtime become fossil fuels due to heat and pressure.
As the ocean acidifies, the amount of carbonate______________ , and organisms, such as crabs and clams, have a hard time forming shells.
decreases
The way the wolf populations impact Yellowstone NP is an example of a _____________ study
ecosystem
Since the 1950s, ___________ have increased the number of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, which is having an adverse impact on the climate of the planet.
human activities
chloroplatsts
(only in plant cells) Green in color- double membrane- contains the green pigment chlorophyll which carries on photosynthesis. Uses suns energy to make food for the plant
Which of the following statements are correct regarding the element carbon?
-It forms long chains called hydrocarbons. -It is absorbed from the atmosphere via the process of photosynthesis in plants. -It is involved in the formation of organic molecules.
The inputs to the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis include which of the following?
-Sunlight -water
O2
waste product of photosynthesis
Emerges due to global warming
Climate change
Species
a group of similar, interbreeding organisms.
The most abundant greenhouse gas in the atmosphere is
water vapor
Heterotroph
An organism that cannot make its own food.
Why is photosynthesis important?
It provides oxygen for consumers
Why is carbon important?
it is present in all living things
green house effect
The warming of the surface and lower atmosphere of the Earth that occurs when water vapor, carbon dioxide, and gases absorb and radiate thermal energy.
Thylakoid
A flattened membrane sac inside the chloroplast, used to convert light energy into chemical energy.
Electrons
have a negative charge and are very small
CH2O
Output of photosynthesis, used to build carbohydrates
Why are most plants green?
Because they reflect green light
Biosphere
the sum of the locations where life exists on earth.
Biome
A group of ecosystems that share similar climates and typical organisms.
Neutrons
have a neutral charge
Methane versus carbon dioxide are very important greenhouse gases. However, methane can retain and release about ____ times more heat than carbon dioxide.
30
Which of the following describes an investigation performed by ecologists interested in studying the biosphere?
A study measuring the levels of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and trace gases in the atmosphere over different seasons
Equator
An imaginary circle around the middle of the earth, halfway between the North Pole and the South Pole.
global warming
An increase in the average temperature of the earth's atmosphere.
How do fossil fuels contribute to climate change?
By releasing over 37 billion tons of CO2 into the atmosphere per year
In which of the following processes does atmospheric carbon get combined with energy to form carbohydrates?
Calvin cycle
Plants exchange carbon most often with which of the following
Carbon in the atmosphere
Carbon cycle: What releases CO2 into the atmosphere?
Cellular respiration, Volcanic activity, and burning of fossil fuels
Photosynthesis
Conversion of light energy from the sun into chemical energy.
Green house gases
Gases in the atmosphere that trap heat.
As global temperatures increase, which of the following scenarios are most likely to happen?
Glaciers and snow coverage decrease.
A gradual increase in the overall surface temperatures of Earth
Global warming
Which of the following statements correctly explains the greenhouse effect?
Greenhouse gases absorb infrared radiation emitted by the planet's surface. This trapped heat energy is released slowly back into the atmosphere.
Within chloroplast there are _________ that absorb light energy from the visible light spectrum
Pigments
What is the impact of carbonate?
Plays a role of formation of shells of organisms such as crabs, lobsters, and clams.
Stroma
The fluid of the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid membrane; involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water.
Fires and volcanic activity are natural events that produce _____.
carbon dioxide
chloroflurocarbons
compounds used in refrigerants and to make spray propellants
In the carbon cycle, the process of photosynthesis ______ atmospheric CO2, and cellular respiration ______ atmospheric CO2.
consumes; produces
What's an example of current climate change
desertification
Minor contributor to global warming and climate change. Occurs naturally and through interactions of solar energy with pollutants in the lower atmosphere.
ozone
This change of the water's _______________ is due to the ability of carbon dioxide to readily dissolve in water.
pH
Climate
the average weather pattern of a region over time.
Which of the following levels of biological organization represents the sum of all the locations where life may be found on the planet?
the biosphere
earth climate
the climate of a region is partially due to the amount of solar radiation striking the surface of the plane. Seasonal changes are due to the tilt of the earth on its axis.
The light reactions of photosynthesis occur within the ______ of the chloroplast and the Calvin cycle reactions occur within the ______ of the chloroplast.
thylakoid; stroma
Even though there are alternate energy sources, fossil fuels are used for approximately ______ of the United States energy needs.
80%
Which statement below best summarizes the overall purpose of the light-dependent reactions?
The light-dependent reactions capture the energy from the sun and transfer it to high-energy molecules.
fossil fuels
a fuel source that had been formed within the earth from planet and animal remains
Methane
a rare gas in the atmosphere that holds the most heat (very hard to produce so its rare)
Heat sink
a temporary storage location for heat energy.
A carbon atom can form a max of up to _______ bonds with other atoms.
four
One of the most significant contributor to climate changes is the level of ________found in the atmosphere.
gases
Carbon dioxide, water vapor, and methane, gases, known as _________________ are able to trap heat near the Earth's surface, a phenomenon called the greenhouse effect.
greenhouse gases
What do ecologists study?
how organisms interact with their environment at several levels.
CO2
source of carbon for the formation of carbohydrates
invasive species
a species that has been introduced into places outside its natural range
increased carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere have contributed ____________ to of the oceans.
acidification
Minor contributor to global warming and climate change. Occurs naturally and is released during the water cycle.
water