Exam 2 Bio 1063

water vapor

natural processes associated with the water cycle

How are shells formed

calcium carbonate

What is the main reason a tree grows

carbon

A stable gas that remains in the atmosphere for long periods of time, but can be removed from the atmosphere by photosynthesis, or dissolved in the ocean

carbon dioxide

Produced naturally during fires and volcanic activity

carbon dioxide

Which of the following terms, encompasses all the others?

climate change

Protons

positively charged subatomic particles

carbon dioxide

produces carbonic acid which leads to ocean acidification and negative impacts on shellfish.

Increased in the atmosphere due to the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation

carbon dioxide

Major contributor to global warming and climate change. Occurs both naturally and as a byproduct of burning fossils fuels, in particular coal.

carbon dioxide

When carbon dioxide interacts with water it forms__________

carbonic acid

NADPH

carrier of high energy electrons

mesophyll cells

cells that contain many chloroplasts and host the majority of photosynthesis

Minor contributor to global warming and climate change. Produced as a refrigerant and to make spray propellants.

chlorofluorocarbons

The abundance of these gases can lead to both warming and cooling of the climate of the planet, playing an important role in maintaining the __________ within a range that supports life.

climate

Includes changes in the average temperature and precipitation

Climate change

climate change

a change in global or regional climate patterns.

nitrous oxides

agricultural practices such as the use of fertilizers and the burning of fossil fuels

Acid

any substance the releases hydrogen ions. Solutions that are acidic have a low pH

The worldwide increase in average surface temperatures of Earth is called __________.

global warming

______ is a product of photosynthesis and is a carbon-based molecule that is the chief source of energy for most organisms.

glucose(sugar)

By increasing the levels of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, the natural _______________ is amplified, causing the temperature of the Earth's atmosphere, ocean, and land surface to rise.

greenhouse effect

The increased concentration of hydrogen ions results in a ___________of the pH of the aqueous environment.

lowering

Who is Jan Ingenhousz?

made experiment that showed the effect observed by priestly occurred with the plant being exposed to light -making photosynthesis-product is oxygen

An unstable gas that remains in the atmosphere for about a decade

methane

Atmospheric concentration is measured in parts per billion

methane

Increased in the atmosphere due to livestock, rice production, and landfills

methane

Major contributor to global warming and climate change. Occurs both naturally due to the breakdown of organic materials and as a result of human activity.

methane

Produced naturally during the decomposition of organic materials

methane

vector

something that moves an infectious agent (bacteria or virus) from one organism to another

carbon cycle

The organic circulation of carbon from the atmosphere into organisms and back again

Scientists studying global warming have noted an unusual trend in carbon dioxide level. Which of the following statements explains the trend of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?

The rise in carbon dioxide levels have occurred relatively rapidly.

Which part of solar energy is important in photosynthesis?

The visible light spectrum

ecosystem

a biological organization that represents the interaction between biotic factors. and abiotic factors

Carbon cycles naturally between

geologic and atmospheric reservoirs and living organisms.

Long-term changes in climate patterns

Climate change

This product of the reaction is able to release ____________ions into the watery solution

hydrogen

Why is CO2 important?

its ability to absorb infrared energy.

H20

source of electrons for the light dependent reactions

Grana

stacks of thylakoids

Which of the following carbon reservoirs do members of the biosphere exchange carbon with regularly?

the atmosphere

Hydrocarbons

Compounds composed of only carbon and hydrogen

What causes warmer oceans?

Coral bleaching

ATP

energy carrier of the cell

Ecosystem

interaction of a community and the physical environment.

Retains and releases 30 times more heat than other gases found in the atmosphere

methane

Autotrophs

organism that makes their own food

Population

organisms of the same species in a particular area.

Coal is a fossil fuel that results from pressure being exerted on plant and animal decay for millions of years. Oil and natural gas are also fossil fuels except they

in order of appearance formed mainly in the water

ozone

natural processes and the interaction of solar energy with pollutants in the lower atmosphere

Minor contributor to global warming and climate change. Occurs naturally in the atmosphere as part of the nitrogen cycle; it is also released from agricultural practices and the burning of fossil fuels.

nitrous oxides

The use of fertilizers contributes to which greenhouse gas to the atmosphere?

nitrous oxides

Carbon sinks are reservoirs that hold large amounts of carbon. Which of the following are considered to be carbon sinks?

oceans, fossil fuels under ground, and the atmosphere

Atmospheric concentration is measured in parts per million

carbon dioxide

How are fossil fuels formed?

decomposed organisms overtime become fossil fuels due to heat and pressure.

As the ocean acidifies, the amount of carbonate______________ , and organisms, such as crabs and clams, have a hard time forming shells.

decreases

The way the wolf populations impact Yellowstone NP is an example of a _____________ study

ecosystem

Since the 1950s, ___________ have increased the number of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, which is having an adverse impact on the climate of the planet.

human activities

chloroplatsts

(only in plant cells) Green in color- double membrane- contains the green pigment chlorophyll which carries on photosynthesis. Uses suns energy to make food for the plant

Which of the following statements are correct regarding the element carbon?

-It forms long chains called hydrocarbons. -It is absorbed from the atmosphere via the process of photosynthesis in plants. -It is involved in the formation of organic molecules.

The inputs to the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis include which of the following?

-Sunlight -water

O2

waste product of photosynthesis

Emerges due to global warming

Climate change

Species

a group of similar, interbreeding organisms.

The most abundant greenhouse gas in the atmosphere is

water vapor

Heterotroph

An organism that cannot make its own food.

Why is photosynthesis important?

It provides oxygen for consumers

Why is carbon important?

it is present in all living things

green house effect

The warming of the surface and lower atmosphere of the Earth that occurs when water vapor, carbon dioxide, and gases absorb and radiate thermal energy.

Thylakoid

A flattened membrane sac inside the chloroplast, used to convert light energy into chemical energy.

Electrons

have a negative charge and are very small

CH2O

Output of photosynthesis, used to build carbohydrates

Why are most plants green?

Because they reflect green light

Biosphere

the sum of the locations where life exists on earth.

Biome

A group of ecosystems that share similar climates and typical organisms.

Neutrons

have a neutral charge

Methane versus carbon dioxide are very important greenhouse gases. However, methane can retain and release about ____ times more heat than carbon dioxide.

30

Which of the following describes an investigation performed by ecologists interested in studying the biosphere?

A study measuring the levels of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and trace gases in the atmosphere over different seasons

Equator

An imaginary circle around the middle of the earth, halfway between the North Pole and the South Pole.

global warming

An increase in the average temperature of the earth's atmosphere.

How do fossil fuels contribute to climate change?

By releasing over 37 billion tons of CO2 into the atmosphere per year

In which of the following processes does atmospheric carbon get combined with energy to form carbohydrates?

Calvin cycle

Plants exchange carbon most often with which of the following

Carbon in the atmosphere

Carbon cycle: What releases CO2 into the atmosphere?

Cellular respiration, Volcanic activity, and burning of fossil fuels

Photosynthesis

Conversion of light energy from the sun into chemical energy.

Green house gases

Gases in the atmosphere that trap heat.

As global temperatures increase, which of the following scenarios are most likely to happen?

Glaciers and snow coverage decrease.

A gradual increase in the overall surface temperatures of Earth

Global warming

Which of the following statements correctly explains the greenhouse effect?

Greenhouse gases absorb infrared radiation emitted by the planet's surface. This trapped heat energy is released slowly back into the atmosphere.

Within chloroplast there are _________ that absorb light energy from the visible light spectrum

Pigments

What is the impact of carbonate?

Plays a role of formation of shells of organisms such as crabs, lobsters, and clams.

Stroma

The fluid of the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid membrane; involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water.

Fires and volcanic activity are natural events that produce _____.

carbon dioxide

chloroflurocarbons

compounds used in refrigerants and to make spray propellants

In the carbon cycle, the process of photosynthesis ______ atmospheric CO2, and cellular respiration ______ atmospheric CO2.

consumes; produces

What's an example of current climate change

desertification

Minor contributor to global warming and climate change. Occurs naturally and through interactions of solar energy with pollutants in the lower atmosphere.

ozone

This change of the water's _______________ is due to the ability of carbon dioxide to readily dissolve in water.

pH

Climate

the average weather pattern of a region over time.

Which of the following levels of biological organization represents the sum of all the locations where life may be found on the planet?

the biosphere

earth climate

the climate of a region is partially due to the amount of solar radiation striking the surface of the plane. Seasonal changes are due to the tilt of the earth on its axis.

The light reactions of photosynthesis occur within the ______ of the chloroplast and the Calvin cycle reactions occur within the ______ of the chloroplast.

thylakoid; stroma

Even though there are alternate energy sources, fossil fuels are used for approximately ______ of the United States energy needs.

80%

Which statement below best summarizes the overall purpose of the light-dependent reactions?

The light-dependent reactions capture the energy from the sun and transfer it to high-energy molecules.

fossil fuels

a fuel source that had been formed within the earth from planet and animal remains

Methane

a rare gas in the atmosphere that holds the most heat (very hard to produce so its rare)

Heat sink

a temporary storage location for heat energy.

A carbon atom can form a max of up to _______ bonds with other atoms.

four

One of the most significant contributor to climate changes is the level of ________found in the atmosphere.

gases

Carbon dioxide, water vapor, and methane, gases, known as _________________ are able to trap heat near the Earth's surface, a phenomenon called the greenhouse effect.

greenhouse gases

What do ecologists study?

how organisms interact with their environment at several levels.

CO2

source of carbon for the formation of carbohydrates

invasive species

a species that has been introduced into places outside its natural range

increased carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere have contributed ____________ to of the oceans.

acidification

Minor contributor to global warming and climate change. Occurs naturally and is released during the water cycle.

water