Exam 2 Review
The frequent reporting on the federal investigation of Robert Mueller regarding whether anyone close to Trump participated in Russia's 2016 election interference is an example of the media's commitment to...
adversarial journalism.
If public concern and interest in data security issues increased after a number of television and newspaper stories about those issues were highly reported and caused mass hysteria, what would that be called
agenda-setting power.
Lobbying is...
an attempt by an individual or group to influence the passage of legislation be exerting direct pressure on members on congress or a state legislature.
Which of the following stories would an American news outlet that relies primarily on advertising revenue be LEAST likely to cover?
an economics professor providing testimony to a congressional committee on the effect of tariffs.
In order to win the presidency, a candidate must win...
at least 270 votes.
Support for an affirmative action policy that considers an applicant's race in university admissions is an example of political__________, while a belief in equality of opportunity is an example of a political ___________.
attitude; value
Which statement best matches super pacs?
may raise unlimited sums from corporations, unions, and individuals-cannot
Individuals with home high-speed internet access and the technology and literacy skills to use it are called...
digital citizens.
What is the MOST important factor in predicting whether an individual votes?
education level
All the following are important roles for the media in American democracy EXCEPT
enabling privately owned companies to advertise their products to the public
One of the earliest activities party workers engage in once the general election campaign begins is...
ensuring that citizens are registered to vote.
National elections are held in the United States on the first Tuesday of November ______________ year(s).
every other
Social media usage tends to...
exaggerate partisan polarization among the mass public because people pick their own friend networks and can avoid disagreeable ideas.
The traditional news media aims to provide objective reporting on current events by
excluding the personal views of reporters or editors from their coverage.
The average American...
exhibits little knowledge of political institutions, processes, leaders, or policy debates.
A widely circulated story during the 2016 presidential election stating that the Pope had endorsed Donald Trump for president was a good example of...
fake news
The percentage of Americans who indicate they trust the government "just about always or most of the time" has
fallen from over 70 percent in 1960 to just 15 in 2017.
The fact that journalists referred to the Obama administration's health care initiative as "reform" instead of "health care rationing" is an example of...
framing.
A person who enjoys the benefits of a group's collective efforts but does not contribute to those efforts is called a
free rider
The solidary benefits of interest groups include...
friendship and consciousness-raising.
Journalists exhibit selection biases in favor of news stories they view as
having a great deal of dramatic or entertainment value.
AARP (formerly the American Association of Retired Persons) began...
in 1958 as an effort to find affordable health insurance for retired teachers.
"Selective benefits" are
incentives that interest groups make available only to those people who are
Between 1972 and 2016, the number of PAC's in the United States...
increased from 480 to over 7,000.
What is the MOST important and beneficial resource that lobbyists provide government officials?
information
The best description of the ideal of pluralism is that
interest groups should be free to compete for governmental influence.
The free rider phenomenon is...
more problematic in very large groups.
A __________ is the best example of an informational benefit provided by many interest groups.
newsletter
The fact that Democratic Party leaders have become more liberal and Republican Party leaders have become more conservative is important because...
partisans in the public tend to rely on party leaders for cues on the appropriate positions to take on major political issues.
To have success in gaining members and influencing policy, what type of people must an interest group have?
people or organizations that are willing to finance the interest group
Interest groups are concerned with the ________ of government, while political parties are concerned with the ________ o
policies; personnel
Liberalism and conservatism are examples of
political ideologies.
Liberalism and conservatism are examples of...
political ideologies.
The "poor" and the homeless are two examples of...
potential interest groups.
Which of the following statements best characterizes the traditional news media's relationship to objectivity?
Journalists are trained to be objective in their reporting, so their personal biases rarely matter and their coverage of events almost always succeeds in objectively presenting both sides of a story.
Which of these groups would be considered as "doves"?
Liberals
What core value of America do libertarians value most?
Liberty
What distinguishes lobbying from other strategies of influence?
Lobbyists try to exert pressure directly on government officials themselves
People with what level of political knowledge are the easiest to convince
Middle
According to Zollar what groups of people are the easiest to sway politically?
Middle ground
Which of the following statements best describes where younger and older Americans get their news?
Social media tends to be a secondary news source after television for most Americans, but a primary news source for the young.
Individuals and organizations can give an unlimited amount of money to...
Super PACs.
Super PAC's were made possible in part by the...
Supreme Court's decision in Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission.
Which of the following statements about the current Republican Party is most accurate?
The Republican Party is divided between pro-business conservatives, who favor global free trade, and far-right conservatives, who are opposed to U.S. involvement in the global economy.
What is the ultimate goal of a political party?
Winning elections
Which of the following statements about age and political participation is true?
Young people are far less likely to participate in politics than older people.
If a number of newspapers published stories exposing an elected official's acceptance of monetary bribes from a corporation in exchange for passing a particular law, it would be an example of the media serving in their role as...
a watchdog.
"Public Broadcasting" refers to any television, radio, and digital media that...
receive funding from the public through license fees, subsidies, or tax dollars.
The small group selected by pollsters to represent the entire population is called a...
sample.
Conservatives are more likely than liberals to support...
school prayer
In a proportional representation electoral system,
seats in the legislature are allocated to political parties based on their share of the total vote cast in the election.
In international affairs, conservatism has come to mean
support for military intervention and the maintenance of American military
In an Iron Triangle, the congressional committee...
supports the agency's budget requests and the programs the interest group favors.
In an iron triangle, the congressional committee
supports the agency's budgetary requests and the programs the interest group
Despite its widespread availability, ________ typically report(s) on the narrowest range of topics
television
Which of the following news sources reaches the MOST Americans?
television.
The concept of a marketplace of ideas refers to...
the competition between varying opinions and ideas that are aired in public forums.
Members of interest groups in the United States are typically people
with higher incomes, more education, and management or professional occupation
In the Pentagon Papers case, the Supreme Court ruled that...
the government could not block the release of the papers.
Members of interest groups in the United States are typically people...
with higher incomes, more education, and management or professional occupations.
The legalization of same-sex marriage in 2015 illustrates...
the impact that an interest group can have through a litigation strategy.
A person's political party preferences are primarily acquired through the influence of...
the person's family.
Why do we have a two party system?
"Winner-take-all" or "Single-member districts" lead to two dominant parties
Low-level officials who hope to publicize what they view as their bosses' or the government's improper activities are usually called...
"whistle-blowers"
In the 2017-2018 election cycle, individuals could contribute no more than ________ to any candidate for federal office
$2,700
A citizen can currently give no more than _________ per candidate for federal office per election in a given two-year election cycle.
$2700
A political action committee (PAC) can contribute ________ to any candidate for federal office, provided it contributes
$5,000
Which of the following would be an example of a ballot initiative?
A vote on whether recreational marijuana usage should be legalized in the state of California.
Which of the following would be an example of a referendum?
A vote on whether to overturn a law passed by the New York state legislature and signed by the governor of New York that imposes higher taxes on wealthy residents.
Privately owned media companies in the United States earn most of their revenue from
Advertising
____________ is the power the media has to shape what issues Americans think about and _________ is the power the media has to influence how Americans think about those issues.
Agenda-setting; framing
What does the Green Party generally support?
Anti-war, ecosocialism
How did Mr.P explain the fact that Collin County will endorse democrats more?
Because they provide more public spending
The Supreme Court ruled that the government could not restrict independent expenditures by corporations or unions to political campaigns in...
Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission (2010).
Why might Collin College donate most often to democrats?
Dems will provide more funding
___________ occurs when one party controls the presidency while another party controls one or both houses of Congress.
Divided government
Which of the following is an example of a media outlet that receives funding from the government?
NPR
What are media monopolies?
Ownership and control of the media by a few large corporations
Why does Mr.P disagree with the textbooks theory of political socialization?
Personalities and social constructs both influence political socialization. Not just from one's environment.
The process by which political values are formed is known as
Political socialization
From the end of the Civil War to the 1890's, the ________ Party was the party of the North, while the _________ party was the party of the South.
Republican; Democratic
What is one of the main differences between people who have gone to college and people who have not?
There is a higher level of political participation among those with a college education.
How do interest groups use litigation as a strategy of influence?
They file amicus curiae briefs, finance lawsuits, and bring suit directly on behalf of the group.
A political ideology is best defined as
a cohesive set of beliefs that form a general philosophy about the government
An Iron Triangle is made up of an alliance between...
a legislative committee, an interest group, and an executive agency.
The difference between a political value and a political attitude is that values are...
basic principles, while attitudes are specific preferences.
In recent years, response rates for random digit dial surveys have been...
declining steadily and now average less than 15 percent.
Majority of republicans believe the medical and recreational use of marijuana should be...
legal
In classical political theory, a liberal was closest to what we would today refer to as a...
libertarian (for the tests sake)
Which of the following sets of terms best describes America's fundamental political values?
liberty, equality of opportunity, and democracy.
If a public opinion survey reports finding that a particular candidate is supported by 60 percent of voters and that there is a 95 percent chance that support for this candidate is somewhere between 63.1 percent and 56.9 percent, the 3.1 percent variation from 60 percent is called...
margin of error
When membership in an organization allows for a reduction in the price of museum tickets is an example of a...
material benefit.
Political parties hold primary elections or caucuses in order to...
select a single candidate to represent the party in the general election.
In order for a survey to accurately generalize the population, the survey must...
select respondents randomly and everyone in the target population must have an equal chance of being selected.
The practice of lobbying is protected by
the First Amendment.
"Me Too" Republicanism refers to...
the tendency of Republican politicians during the New Deal to support popular programs such as Social Security rather than advocate alternative policies.
What was Mr.P's reason for the NFL's endorsement of both parties?
to bet on both horses
Throughout its history, American politics has been dominated by...
two major political parties.
