Exam 2 Review
Reference variables are defined like regular variables, except there is a(n) _________ in front of the name.
&
What operator do you use to dereference a structure pointer?
->
Given the following function: void calc (int a, int&b) { int c; c = a + 2; a = a * 3; b = c + a; } What would be the output of: int x = 1, y = 2, z = 3; calc(x,y); cout << x << " " << y << " " << z << endl;
1 6 3
How many characters can the C-String char company[12] hold?
11
A(n) _________ is required after the closing brace of a structure declaration.
;
A structure variable may not be a member of another structure.
False
All static local variables are initialized to -1 by default.
False
All the members of a union may be used simultaneously.
False
An array's size declarator can be either a literal, a named constant, or a variable.
False
An entire structure may not be passed to a function as an argument.
False
Arrays cannot be initialized when they are defined. A loop or other means must be used.
False
If data are sorted in descending order, it means they are ordered from lowest value to highest value.
False
If you leave an element uninitialized, you do not have to leave all the ones that follow it uninitialized.
False
The & symbol is called the indirection operator.
False
The * operator is used to get the address of a variable.
False
The contents of a structure variable can be displayed by passing the structure variable to the cout object.
False
The exit function can only be called from main.
False
The maximum number of comparisons performed by the linear search on an array of N elements is N/2 (assuming the search values are consistently found).
False
The strlen function returns the size of the array containing a string.
False
The uninitialized elements of a string array will automatically be set to the value " 0".
False
The first size declarator (in the declaration of a two-dimensional array) represents the number of columns. The second size definition represents the number of rows.
False
There is no difference between "847" and 847.
False
When a function terminates, it always branches back to main, regardless of where it was called from.
False
When an array name is used without brackets and a subscript, it is seen as the value of the first element in the array.
False
You can change the address that an array name points to.
False
You can use the [ ] operator to insert a value into a vector that has no elements.
False
You may not define pointers to unions.
False
A structure declaration does not define a variable.
True
C++ allows you to create arrays with three or more dimensions.
True
C++ allows you to partially initialize an array.
True
Each byte of memory is assigned a unique address.
True
Function prototypes are terminated with a semicolon.
True
Functions should be given names that reflect their purpose.
True
If an anonymous union is defined globally (outside all functions), it must be declared static.
True
If data are sorted in ascending order, it means they are ordered from lowest value to highest value.
True
If toupper's argument is already uppercase, it is returned as is, with no changes.
True
In a function prototype, the names of the parameter variables may be left out.
True
In a structure variable's initialization list, you do not have to provide initializers for all the members.
True
Overuse of global variables can lead to problems.
True
Pointers may be compared using the relational operators.
True
String-handling functions accept as arguments pointers to strings (array names or pointer variables), or literal strings.
True
Subscript numbers may be stored in variables.
True
The address 0 is generally considered unusable.
True
The average number of comparisons performed by the linear search on an array of N elements is N/2 (assuming the search values are consistently found).
True
The individual elements of an array are accessed and indexed by unique numbers.
True
The new operator dynamically allocates memory.
True
The scope of a parameter is limited to the function which uses it.
True
The strcpy function will overwrite the contents of its first string argument.
True
The subscript of the last element in a single-dimensional array is one less than the total number of elements in the array.
True
To use a vector, you must include the vector header file.
True
When a function returns a structure, it is always necessary for the function to have a local structure variable to hold the member values that are to be returned.
True
When a function with default arguments is called and an argument is left out, all arguments that come after it must be left out as well.
True
When defining a parameter variable to hold a single-dimensional array argument, you do not have to include the size declarator.
True
When the indirection operator is used with a pointer variable, you are actually working with the value the pointer is pointing to.
True
When you add a value to a pointer, you are actually adding that number times the size of the data type referenced by the pointer.
True
What is the escape sequence for the null terminator?
\0
What are data types that the programmer creates known as?
abstract data types
The __________ operator can be used to determine a variable's address.
address ampersand
Any time the name of an array is used without brackets and a subscript, it is seen as _________.
address memory address
What does the name of the array store?
address of first element
If an array is sorted in _________ order, the values are stored from lowest to highest.
ascending
What is the name of the following operators: a) * b) &
asterisks ampersand
The _________ search algorithm repeatedly divides the portion of an array being searched in half.
binary
The _________ search algorithm requires that the array's contents be sorted.
binary
C++ has no array _________ checking, which means you can inadvertently store data past the end of an array.
bounds
To completely clear the contents of a vector, use the ___________ member function.
clear
When a two-dimensional array is passed to a function the _________ size must be specified.
column
The size declarator must be a(n) ________ with a value greater than _______.
constant integer expression zero
What does the following statement do? vector<int> myVector(10,2);
creates a vector with intial size 10 and each element initialized to 2
The variables declared inside a structure declaration are called _________.
data members members
Before a structure variable can be created, the structure must be _________.
declared defined
_________ arguments are passed to parameters automatically if no argument is provided in the function call.
default
Either a function's _____ or its ______ must precede all calls to the function.
definition prototype
When a program is finished with a chunk of dynamically allocated memory, it should free it with the __________ operator.
delete
If you dynamically allocate an array, arr, how would you delete it (write the code)?
delete [] array
If an array is sorted in _________ order, the values are stored from highest to lowest.
descending
The _________ operator allows you to access structure members.
dot
Creating variables while a program is running is called __________.
dynamic memory allocation
What are individual values in an array known as?
elements
The _________ function causes a program to terminate.
exit() exit
What must you do to "copy" one array into another?
for loop
The _________ is the part of a function definition that shows the function name, return type, and parameter list.
function header header
A(n) _________ eliminates the need to place a function definition before all calls to the function.
function prototype prototype
_________ variables are defined outside all functions and are accessible to any function within their scope.
global
The __________ operator can be used to work with the variable a pointer points to.
indirection
An array's size declarator must be an ______ with a value greater than ______.
integer zero
The _________ function returns true if the character argument is a letter of the alphabet.
isalpha
The _________ function returns true if the character argument is a whitespace character.
isspace
The _________ search algorithm is adequate for small arrays but not large arrays.
linear
The _________ search algorithm steps sequentially through an array, comparing each item with the search value.
linear sequential
The value of a default argument must be a(n) _________.
literal constant
What is the scope of a variable declared inside of a function (and a function header)?
local
What is a pointer variable designed to store?
memory address of a variable
The __________ operator is used to dynamically allocate memory.
new
A pointer that contains the address 0 is called a(n) __________ pointer.
null
Under older compilers, if the new operator cannot allocate the amount of memory requested, it returns __________.
null
Special variables that hold copies of function arguments are called _________.
parameter variables parameters
A function _________ eliminates the need to place a function definition before all calls to the function.
prototype
What vector function adds an item to the vector?
push_back
What type of variable must a parameter be in order for the function to access the parameter's original argument (i.e. the actual argument, not a copy)?
reference
In a function header (not prototype) what must you furnish? [It is acceptable to make a sample header and label each part]
return type, function name, parameter type, parameter name
Given the following declaration, where is 77 stored in the scores array? int scores[ ] = {83, 62, 77, 97};
scores[2]
To determine the number of elements in a vector, use the _____________ member function.
size
What condition does the array have to be in before a binary search can be performed?
sorted
_________ local variables retain their value between function calls.
static
The _________ function concatenates two strings (c-strings).
strcat
The _________ function copies, at most, n number of characters from one string to another.
strcpy
The _________ function returns the length of a string (c-strings).
strlen
The _________ function returns the lowercase equivalent of its character argument.
tolower
To define a two-dimensional array, _________ size declarators are required.
two
To define a vector in your program, you must #include the ____________ header file.
vector
If an array is partially initialized, the uninitialized elements will be set to _________.
zero
Subscript numbering in C++ always starts at _________.
zero
Unless you explicitly initialize global variables, they are automatically initialized to _________.
zero