Exam 3

We still don't have all the answers about high blood pressure in pregnancy called preeclampsia. Choose the correct answers that we do know.

-Supplementation of Vit D is currently not reconnected by WHO (Word Health Org) despite possibly reducing the risk of preccclampsia. -if progresses to eclampsia is one of the main causes of maternal deaths and pre term birthds -deficiency of Vit D is associated with increased risk of preeclampsia.

Listeria Monocytogenes is not only a "bad bug" that can cause fatal illness, in pregnant women it can cause a spontaneous abortion (miscarriage). Choose the items that are more likely to carriers of Listeria that pregnant women should avoid.

-cold bologna sandwich -smoked salmon and cream cheese on a bagel -brie cheese, made from unpasteurized milk

Choose all of the following that are advantages of breastfeeding over formula feeding for infants.

-provides antibodies to support immune system -lower risk fro microbial contamination -linked to lower rates of obesity later in life.

How long does it take to see symptoms of thiamin deficiency, after the diet has become deficient?

1-2 weeks

Strong food sources of Vitamin D are somewhat scarce; from the following foods select the two with the highest amount of Vit D

3 oz salmon 2 oz sardines (~2 fish)

Choose all that are correct mortality rates of eating disorders

Anorexia has an estimated mortality rate of around 10% Among those whose struggle with anorexia, 1 in 5 deaths is by suicide Eating disorders have the second highest mortality rate of all mental health disorders.

When is the best time to make Vit D by exposing your bare skin?

Around noon

For a man who would like to change his diet to improve fertility, which of the following would be the best choice for dinner

Baked salmon, brown rice and asparagus

Secretive binge eating, low self-esteem, loss of control over eating, and erosion of teeth are all signs of which eating disorder?

Bulimia nervosa

A deficiency of vitamin ________ is implicated in serious complications of pregnancy, including rates of diabetes and hypertension and poor fetal growth.

D

Purging is a good way to get rid of any calories consumed during a binge

False

Which of the following statements about ethnicity and bone health true?

Individuals of Caucasian or Asian descent are at increased risk of poor bone health compared with individuals of African descent

Susan has been out the sun, making Vit D. She sweated (no kidding, it's Florida!) and decided to take a shower immediately after coming inside. Will this have an effect on the Vit D she just made?

No, the Vit D she made in her skin will not wash

Which of the following are possible health consequences of pica?

Nutrient deficiencies Microbial infections Intestinal blockages

Why is low birth weight of the infant more likely to occur in closely spaced births?

There may be a lack of nutrients available due to diminished stored from the earlier pregnancy.

Why is low birth weight of the infant more likely to occur among multiple births (twins, etc).?

There may be a lack of nutrients available due to increased fetal needs

Why is low birth weight of the infant more likely to occur among multiple births (twins, etc.)?

There may be a lack of nutrients available due to increased fetal needs.

Which of the following statement is true about people with bulimia nervosa?

They display episodes of binge eating following by purging

Which of the following statements is true about people with bulimia nervosa?

They display episodes of binge eating following by purging

Stunting of growth (failure to grow in height) and delayed sexual maturation may indicate the presence of an eating disorder in children and adolescents, even if weight loss is not apparent.

True

When might disordered eating patterns require professional intervention?

When they last for many months When they interfere with everyday activities When they are linked to physiological changes, such as loss of menstrual periods

Select all true answers from the following about biotin:

a person eating a normal diet is able to meet the Al advertised to enhance hair, skin and nails very high intakes of biotin may interfere with some lab tests

People who abuse alcohol are prone to thiamin deficiency because:

alcohol decreases absorption of thiamin alcohol increases thiamin excretion in the urine people suffering with alcohol abuse tend to have low-quality diets.

Compared to a formula-fed infant, the breastfed infant would have a lower risk of which diseases later in life?

allergies T1 diabetes obesity and T2 diabetes

Male athletes are at heightened risk for eating disorders when they participate in sports that

are judged based on aesthetics require weight classes (like wrestling)

A person experiencing weakness, loss of appetite, poor coordination, and edema caused by lack of thiamin is experiencing the deficiency disease known as:

beriberi

Which of the following statements is true about binge eating?

binge eating is different from overeating because it involves a loss of control

Vitamin K and calcium work together to prevent:

blood loss

Choose the vegetables that have calcium absorbed at approximately the 50% rate

bok choy, kale, cabbage

What are some adverse health effects associated with administering supplemental water to exclusively breastfed infants during the first six months of life?

brain disorders low blood sodium

Calcium __________ supplement should be taken with meals for best absorption

carbonate

Betty is 88, a former smoker, and at 5'2" (she used to be 5'5") weighs 90 pounds. Ideal weight for 5'2" is ~ 110#. Her 60 year old biological daughter helps take care of her. Which of the following are factors that increased her risk of osteoporosis?

cigarette smoking underweight advanced age female gender

Choose the foods that are 'good' sources, that provides at least 20% of the RDA for folate:

cooked black eyed peas, 1/2c cooked broccoli, 1c cooked spinach, 1c asparagus, 1c

Chronic use of antibiotics can affect blood health because they

destroy microorganisms in the large intestine that synthesize vitamin K.

A person diagnosed with binge eating disorder (BED) could demonstrate which of the following behaviors?

eating until feeling uncomfortably full eating alone due to embarrassment from how much is being eaten eating large amounts of food when not feeling physically hungry feeling disgusted with oneself, depressed, or very guilty after overeating.

Caregivers of children should not use food as a reward or bribe because this practice

encourages children to use food to achieve goals other than satisfying hunger

A mother who wants to produce adequate breast milk needs which of the following?

enough calories extra fluid adequate rest

Vitamin B-12 is required to convert _______ co-enzymes to their active form

folate

Which B-vitamins are important in DNA synthesis?

folate vitamin B-12

The UL for folate refers only to folic acid because:

folate that occurs naturally in foods has limited absorption

Which of following body processes are directly affected by vitamin B-6 deficiency?

formation of heme portion of hemoglobin synthesis of white blood cells (WBC) synthesis of neurotransmitters like serotonin

The highest folate content may be obtained from eating

fresh fruits and vegetables

When compared to the non-Eating Disorders (ED) population, those dealing with ED:

have higher suicide rates have higher mortality rates die at a younger age

Compared to the needs of non-pregnant women, the RDA for _____ is increased during pregnancy.

iodine iron zinc

Vitamin B-12 is important for neurological health because it

is required for formation for myelin.

Vitamin B-12 is important for neurological health because it:

is required for formation of myelin.

Choose ALL that apply. Pre-school children may be a victim of iron poisoning because:

just a few adult dose pills can be life threatening the adult iron supplements may look like candy

Choose the most accurate statement about calcium supplements for bone health

lacrimal and superior salivator

Deficiency of chromium may lead to reduced effectiveness of insulin. From the following choose causes of increased urinary excretion leading to possible deficiency:

lactation diets high in simple sugars significant infection pregnancy

When iodine is lacking in the diet during pregnancy, the infant can be born with:

mental retardation

Which of the following treatment options for vitamin B-12 deficiency bypass the need for intestinal absorption of the vitamin?

nasal gels monthly injections

An Upper Level (UL) has been established for Vit B-6 due to the risk of:

nerve damage

We know that Vit D helps calcium be absorbed. The patient has a normal blood calcium level; based on this, what conclusion can we reach about the patient's blood levels of Vit D?

not related to calcium levels

Choose the foods to eat that are most closely aligned with the MIND diet (blend of the Mediterranean & DASH diets), which lowers risk of Alzheimer's dementia.

olive oil strawberries fatty fish like salmon beans like lentils cooked collard greens

Increasing consumption of ______ fatty acids may improve sperm quality in men.

omega-3

Vit B-12 is naturally occurring ____________, so people following a ___________ diet may be at risk of deficiency.

only in animal foods; vegan

Choose the medical complications that might be seen in any eating disorders discussed

osteopenia/osteoporosis Mallory-Weles Tear/esophageal rupture erosion of enamel of teeth gastroparesis/feeling full for long periods

The thick, fibrous membrane that covers the outer surface of bones is called

periosteum

Which of the following are examples of minerals that must be monitored in the blood during the process of refeeding a severely malnourished patient?

phosphorus potassium magnesium

In order to increase rates of conception in a woman who has __________, the leading cause of female infertility in the US, the woman is encouraged to _______________.

polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS); lose at least 5% of body weight.

Choose the correct functions for choline

precursor for phospholipids in cell membranes part of a neurotransmitter involved in nerve transmission

Choose the adverse health effects associated with iron-deficiency anemia during pregnancy:

preterm delivery low-birth-weight infants increased risk for fetal death

In the reflection essay from our text, "Thoughts of an Anorexic Woman," the author notes she:

refused to eat meat because of the higher kcal did not assess the kcal output of exercise sessions refused to eat meat because of the higher kcal

Male athletes are at heightened risk for eating disorders when they participate in sports that:

require weight classes (like wrestling). are judged based on aesthetics

Choose all that sources of iodine

seafood like ocean fish dairy, like cow milk and yogurt seaweed

Which of the following factors affect Vitamin D production in the skin from sunlight?

season of the year latitude where person resides darker skin color reduces Vit D production

The only reliable way to correct (treat) iron deficiency anemia is:

several months using an iron supplement

Babies that are exclusively breastfed ______ be given supplemental water and juice.

should not

What are some effects of hormonal changes and nutrient deficiencies that are brought on by semi-starvation, such as in anorexia?

slow heart rate bone loss low body temperature

Choose the three best sources of choline

soybeans whole egg dairy milk

Which lasts longer in human bodies - Vita D taken from food and supplements, or Vit D made from being in the sun?

sun

Folate's main function is to support DNA synthesis, which is needed for:

synthesis of all cells, especially in the fast growing fetus red blood cell synthesis the cells that make the neural lube in an embryo.

According to the meta analysis completed by the team working with Cedric Garland, DPh, (Mortality Interview article) to reduce all-cause mortality, no one should run a serum 25(OH)D less than 30 ng/mL. This means that _______ of the US population needs action (more sensible sun exposure and/or supplementation) to raise their levels above 30 ng/mL.

two thirds

Tooth decay, stomach ulcers, and swollen salivary glands are all side effects of frequent ________, a common form of purging.

vomiting

To improve fertility among women with PCOS, research most clearly supports the benefits of following is

weight loss diet for lose excess body fat.

Choose the lifestyle factors more often associated with bone health (that will help prevent osteopenia or osteoporosis)

weight-bearing physical exercise, healthy body weight, and UVB exposure without sunscreen