Exam 3 Anatomy and physiology

A) create turbulence in the nasal passageways.

19) The nasal conchae A) create turbulence in the nasal passageways. B) attach muscles that move the eye. C) protect the pituitary gland. D) attach muscles that move the eyelids. E) contain the nerves for olfaction.

C) condylar process

2) Which of the following articulate in the mandibular fossa? A) acromion process B) zygomatic process C) condylar process D) coronoid process E) mastoid process

E) perpendicular plate of the ethmoid and vomer bone.

20) The bony portion of the nasal septum is formed by the A) nasal bones. B) perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone. C) vomer and sphenoid bone. D) perpendicular plate of the ethmoid and sphenoid bone. E) perpendicular plate of the ethmoid and vomer bone.

A) vomer

21) Of the following bones, which is unpaired? A) vomer B) maxillary C) nasal D) lacrimal E) palatine

B) close the mouth.

22) The superior and inferior temporal lines mark the points of attachment for muscles that A) turn the head. B) close the mouth. C) move the ears. D) stabilize the skull at the vertebral column. E) open and close the eye.

A) stylohyoid

23) The hyoid bone is suspended by ________ ligaments. A) stylohyoid B) sternocleidomastoid C) styloid D) hyoid E) sutural

E) 22

24) The skull contains ________ bones. A) 27 B) 42 C) 32 D) 12 E) 22

B) a headache

25) While playing softball, Gina is struck in the frontal bone by a wild pitch. Which of the following complaints would you expect her to have? A) a sore back B) a headache C) a sore chest D) a broken jaw E) a black eye

A) supports the lower teeth.

26) The alveolar process of the mandible A) supports the lower teeth. B) supports the upper teeth. C) articulates with the hyoid bone. D) anchors the tongue. E) is part of the temporomandibular joint.

A) lacrimal bones.

27) The smallest facial bones are the A) lacrimal bones. B) ethmoid bones. C) lacerum bones. D) nasal bones. E) zygomatic bones.

C) inferior and superior nuchal lines.

28) Ridges that anchor muscles that stabilize the head are the A) anterior and posterior nuchal lines. B) medial and lateral nuchal lines. C) inferior and superior nuchal lines. D) anterior and superior nuchal lines. E) cranial and caudal nuchal lines.

B) foramen magnum

29) What structure does the occipital bone surround? A) foramina maximus B) foramen magnum C) foramen magnus D) magnum maximus E) maximus minimus

B) temporal

3) The internal acoustic meatus is located in which bone? A) maxillary B) temporal C) occipital D) sphenoid E) parietal

D) temporal bone.

30) The styloid process, zygomatic process, and auditory ossicles are associated with the A) sphenoid. B) ulna. C) occipital bone. D) temporal bone. E) parietal bone.

B) hearing and balance.

31) Damage to the temporal bone would most likely affect the sense(s) of A) balance. B) hearing and balance. C) vision. D) smell and taste. E) touch and pressure.

C) a long and narrow head.

32) Premature closure of the sagittal suture would result in A) a very broad head. B) death. C) a long and narrow head. D) an unusually small head. E) a distorted head with one side being longer than the other.

E) condylar process of the mandible.

34) As the result of an accident, Bill suffers a dislocated jaw. This injury would involve the A) greater cornu of the hyoid bone. B) stylohyoid ligaments. C) alveolar process of the mandible. D) hyoid bone. E) condylar process of the mandible.

D) mandible.

35) Your friend Greg is hit in the jaw and when looking at him, his face looks misaligned. You immediately take him to the emergency room and are not surprised to learn that he has a broken A) zygomatic bone. B) external auditory meatus. C) clavicle. D) mandible. E) temporal bone.

B) stylomastoid foramen.

36) The facial nerve (N. VII) passes through the internal acoustic meatus and then through the A) jugular foramen. B) stylomastoid foramen. C) carotid foramen. D) mastoid foramen. E) foramen lacerum.

A) foramen magnum.

37) The large foramen that serves as a passageway for the medulla of the brain and the accessory nerve (XI) is the A) foramen magnum. B) carotid canal. C) jugular foramen. D) foramen lacerum. E) foramen rotundum.

E) mental foramina.

38) Nerves carrying sensory information from the lips and the chin pass through the A) ramus of the mandible. B) mandibular foramina. C) maxillary foramina. D) condylar process. E) mental foramina.

E) mandibular foramen.

39) A nerve that carries sensory information from the teeth of the lower jaw passes through the A) mental foramen. B) maxillary foramen. C) condylar process. D) ramus of the mandible. E) mandibular foramen.

A) atlas.

4) The occipital condyles of the skull articulate with the A) atlas. B) mandible. C) axis. D) occipital bone. E) first thoracic vertebra.

B) area just superior to the nasal bones and medially to the supraorbital margins

40) Which of the following best describes the location of the glabella? A) vertical groove extending between the nose and the upper lip B) area just superior to the nasal bones and medially to the supraorbital margins C) bilaterally on the thickened regions that form the superior rims of the orbits D) a slit-shaped opening between the sphenoid and the petrous part of the temporal bone E) small, hallow, y-shaped area in the central part of the mandible

A) internal jugular vein; jugular foramen

41) The ________ passes through the ________. A) internal jugular vein; jugular foramen B) optic nerve; foramen ovale C) internal carotid artery; jugular foramen D) vestibulocochlear nerve; external acoustic meatus E) vagus nerve; foramen magnum

E) nasal

42) Each of the following bones is a component of the orbital complex except the ________ bone. A) ethmoid B) sphenoid C) lacrimal D) frontal E) nasal

D) zygomatic

43) The nasal complex consists of all of the following bones except the A) sphenoid. B) ethmoid. C) maxillary. D) zygomatic. E) frontal.

C) zygomatic.

44) The paranasal sinuses are located in all of the following bones except the A) ethmoid. B) maxillae. C) zygomatic. D) frontal. E) sphenoid.

D) The occipital fontanelles are also known as the soft spot.

45) Identify the correct statement regarding fontanelles. A) They persist throughout childhood. B) They form fibrous connections between facial bones. C) They enable easier delivery through the birth canal. D) The occipital fontanelles are also known as the soft spot. E) There is no correct statement.

D) both the atlas and the axis

66) Gesturing "no" with the head depends on the structure(s) of which cervical vertebrae? A) vertebra prominens B) axis C) atlas D) both the atlas and the axis E) both the atlas and the vertebra prominens

A) thoracic vertebrae.

69) The ribs articulate with the A) thoracic vertebrae. B) sacrum. C) cervical vertebrae. D) hyoid bone. E) lumbar vertebrae.

E) coronal

7) The suture that forms the articulation of the parietal bones with the frontal bone is the ________ suture. A) rostral B) lambdoid C) sagittal D) squamosal E) coronal

D) manubrium.

70) The part of the sternum that articulates with the clavicles is the A) body. B) tuberculum. C) xiphoid process. D) manubrium. E) angle.

D) sternum

71) Which bone(s) include(s) a manubrium? A) scapula B) all of the vertebrae C) clavicle D) sternum E) cervical vertebrae #1 and #2

D) ribs 1-7 and are called verterbrosternal ribs.

72) The true ribs are A) ribs 1-7. B) ribs 8-12. C) called vertebrosternal ribs. D) ribs 1-7 and are called verterbrosternal ribs. E) called vertebrochondral ribs.

E) All of the answers are correct.

73) The sternum contains the A) xiphoid process. B) jugular notch. C) he body. D) manubrium. E) All of the answers are correct.

C) axial

74) The skull and vertebral column are part of the ________ skeleton. A) apical B) appendicular C) axial D) articulated E) sagittal

D) condyles

75) The occipital ________ are where the occipital bone articulates with the first cervical vertebra. A) fossae B) processes C) tubercles D) condyles E) foramina

E) cranium

76) The ________ is the bony chamber that protects and supports the brain. A) cortex B) skull C) cephalum D) centrum E) cranium

D) lambdoid

77) The parietal bones and occipital bone articulate at the ________ suture. A) central B) sagittal C) posterior D) lambdoid E) coronal

E) squamous.

78) The four primary sutures are lambdoid, coronal, sagittal, and A) cuboidal. B) lateral. C) parietal. D) frontal. E) squamous.

C) temporomandibular joint

79) What is the full term for TMJ syndrome? A) tympanomentalis joint B) tympanomandibular joint C) temporomandibular joint D) tendermouth junction E) temporomaxillary joint

E) frontal, parietal, and occipital

8) The calvaria (or skullcap) is formed by the ________ bones. A) frontal, temporal, and parietal B) frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital C) frontal, temporal, and occipital D) temporal, parietal, and occipital E) frontal, parietal, and occipital

C) superior articular processes

80) Successive vertebrae articulate at facets on the inferior articular processes of the superior vertebra and facets on the ________ of the adjacent inferior vertebrae. A) pedicles B) dens C) superior articular processes D) transverse processes E) lamellae

C) coronal

81) The frontal and parietal bones articulate at the ________ suture. A) lambdoid B) sagittal C) coronal D) central E) posterior

E) atlas.

82) The first cervical vertebra is better known as the A) axis. B) primum. C) apex. D) cervix. E) atlas.

D) axis.

83) The second cervical vertebra is called the A) apex. B) primum. C) cervix. D) axis. E) atlas.

E) manubrium.

84) The superior part of the sternum is called the A) coccyx. B) apex. C) head. D) xiphoid. E) manubrium.

E) false

85) Ribs 8 to 12 are called ________ because they do not attach directly to the sternum. A) floating B) filamentous C) free D) fibrous E) false

D) sacrum

86) Which of the following bones is not part of the appendicular skeleton? A) tibia B) metacarpals C) scapula D) sacrum E) coxal bones

A) scapula

87) The three sides of what bone form a broad triangle? A) scapula B) vertebra C) clavicle D) radius E) sternum

A) acromial process and the manubrium.

88) The clavicle articulates with the A) acromial process and the manubrium. B) coracoid process and the humerus. C) acromial and coracoid processes. D) manubrium and xiphoid process. E) glenoid cavity and scapular spine.

D) temporal and zygomatic

9) The zygomatic arch is formed by the union of processes from which two bones? A) frontal and temporal B) temporal and maxilla C) zygomatic and maxilla D) temporal and zygomatic E) sphenoid and temporal

E) olecranon fossa.

93) The depression on the posterior surface at the distal end of the humerus is the A) coronoid fossa. B) radial fossa. C) radial groove. D) intertubercular groove. E) olecranon fossa.

B) scapula and humerus

94) The glenohumeral joint, or shoulder joint, is an articulation between which two bones? A) clavicle and scapula B) scapula and humerus C) clavicle and sternum D) humerus and ulna E) clavicle and humerus

E) capitulum and trochlea.

95) The condyle of the humerus consists of the A) head and neck. B) trochlea and olecranon fossa. C) capitulum and coronoid process. D) medial and lateral epicondyles. E) capitulum and trochlea.

E) All of the answers are correct.

96) Which of the following surface features occur on the ulna? A) trochlear notch B) styloid process C) olecranon D) radial notch E) All of the answers are correct.

B) phalanges.

97) The bones that form the fingers are the A) carpals. B) phalanges. C) tarsals. D) metacarpals. E) metatarsals.

E) metatarsals

98) Which of the following is not an upper limb bone? A) ulna B) carpals C) radius D) humerus E) metatarsals

sinus

A chamber within in a bone, normally filled with air, is a ___________.

process

A general term for a bony projection, often where a muscle, tendon, or ligament attaches to a bone is called a _______.

condyle

A large, rounded, articulating process of bone is a _________.

tuberosity

A muscle attachment site, which appears as a slightly raised and roughened area on the bone is called a __________.

the scapular spine

A prominent ridge that runs across the posterior surface of the scapula is __________.

crest

A prominent ridge where ligaments or tendons attach to the bone is called a __________.

trochlea

A smooth, grooved articulating process of bone shaped like a pulley is a ___________.

sinuses

Air-filled cavities found in some bones of the skull are called __________.

nasal conchae

Airflow in the nasal cavity is made turbulent by the ________.

atlas and the axis

C1 and C2 have specific names, which are the __________.

Mineral storage

Calcium is a very important substance for the proper functioning of various body systems. Which function of the skeletal system helps maintain calcium homeostasis?

leverage

Changing the magnitude and direction of forces generated by skeletal muscles is an illustration of the skeletal function of __________.

Protecting abdominal and thoracic organs

Compared to the axial skeleton, which of the following is not a function of the appendicular skeleton?

where blood vessels or nerves lay alongside or penetrated bones

Depressions, grooves, and tunnels in bone indicate locations __________.

nerves and blood vessels

Foramina located on the bones of the skull serve primarily as passageways for __________.

The vertebral column

Humans are distinguished from many animals by having an upright body position. What parts of the skeleton help us to maintain that upright body position?

manubrium, body, and xiphoid process

The three components of the adult sternum are the __________.

longitudinal arch

Weight transfer occurs along the __________ of the foot.

Skeletal muscles

What attaches the scapula to the trunk of the body?

Femur

What bone articulates, or forms a joint, with the acetabulum?

The sacrum and the pelvic girdle

What bones connect the axial skeleton and the lower appendicular skeleton?

Trochanters

What bony processes are unique to the femur and are found at the junction of the neck and shaft of the femur?

The secondary curves of the vertebral column

What feature of the skeleton eventually allow a child to maintain balance while walking and running?

Breathing

What important function is associated with the ribs?

Vertebrosternal ribs connect directly to the sternum, whereas vertebrochondral ribs do not.

What is the difference between vertebrosternal ribs and vertebrochondral ribs?

To connect spinal nerves to the spinal cord.

What is the function of the intervertebral foramina?

Patella

What is the large sesamoid bone found in the tendon of the quadriceps femoris?

Calcaneus

What is the name for the heel bone?

Atlas

What is the name of the first cervical vertebra?

Acetabulum

What is the name of the large, concave socket that articulates with the head of the femur?

Talus

What is the only bone in the ankle that articulates with the tibia and the fibula?

Linea aspera

What is the prominent ridge that runs along the center of the posterior surface of the femur and serves as an attachment site for muscles that adduct the femur?

neck

What is the structure that joins the femoral head to the shaft?

Vertebral foramen

What is the term for the opening in the vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord?

hallux

What is the term given to the big toe?

The stronger the joint, the more restricted the range of motion.

What is the unusual compromise of the articulations in the appendicular skeleton?

Auricular surface

What rough area of the ilium marks the site of articulation with the sacrum?

Relatively weak joint

What structural characteristics of the shoulder joint allow for a great deal of movement?

The pectoral girdle

What structure do the scapula and the clavicle make up?

The olecranon and the olecranon fossa

What structures limit the extension of the forearm?

Lumbar vertebrae

What type of vertebrae are characterized by short, stumpy spinous processes and large bodies?

The fibula provides lateral stability to the ankle joint.

When a person fractures the fibula, why does walking become difficult?

Femur

When someone is told they have a "broken hip" or a hip fracture, what bone is actually broken?

near joints at the knees, the hands, and the feet

Where is a sesamoid bone most often found?

foramen

Which anatomical term describes a rounded passageway for blood vessels or nerves?

Lumbar vertebrae

Which are the largest and most massive of the vertebrae?

Head

Which body region is NOT included in the appendicular skeleton?

Scapula

Which bone articulates with the humerus to form the shoulder joint?

Zygomatic

Which bone forms the lateral wall and rim of the eye orbit?

Occipital bone

Which bone forms the posterior and inferior portions of the cranium and contains a large opening called the foramen magnum?

Scapula

Which bone has a glenoid cavity that is the site of articulation with the humerus in the pectoral girdle?

Frontal

Which bone is NOT part of the floor of the cranium?

Clavicle

Which bone provides the only fixed support for the pectoral girdle?

auditory ossicles

Which bones conduct sound vibrations from the tympanic membrane to the inner ear?

Nasal bones

Which bones form part of the bridge of the nose?

Maxilla, lacrimal, and ethmoid

Which bones form the medial wall of the eye orbit?

Metacarpals

Which bones form the palm of the hand?

Ethmoid and vomer

Which bones make up the nasal septum?

Temporal bones

Which bones of the skull form the lateral walls of the cranium, house the inner ear, articulate with the mandible, and have attachments for muscles that move the jaw and head?

Yellow marrow

Which component of the bone stores energy?

Olecranon

Which feature of the ulna forms the point of the elbow?

Anterior fontanelle

Which fontanelle might indicate dehydration in an infant?

Temporal bone

Which of the following bones contains the auditory ossicles?

Hyoid bone

Which of the following bones does NOT directly articulate with the skull but is an important site for muscle attachment for the larynx, pharynx, and tongue?

Temporal bone

Which of the following bones is NOT part of the orbital complex?

vertebra

Which of the following bones is accurately described as an irregular bone?

Reduction of the mineral content of the bony matrix

Which of the following changes in the skeleton does not happen from the time of birth to young adulthood?

Breaking of the ribs or sternum can occur during CPR

Which of the following clinical problems is associated with the sternum?

Occipital and frontal bones

Which of the following collections of bones include bones that are unpaired in the skull?

Sacrum

Which of the following consists of five fused vertebrae and articulates with the pelvic girdle?

All of the listed responses are correct.

Which of the following data could be determined by studying the bones of a skeleton? The person's sex All of the listed responses are correct. The person's muscular development The person's age

Malleoli

Which of the following features, found on the tibia and fibula, provide(s) support for the ankle joint?

Mandible

Which of the following forms the lower jaw?

Maxilla

Which of the following is NOT a cranial bone?

Lateral malleolus

Which of the following is NOT a feature of the femur?

Trochlea

Which of the following is NOT a feature of the scapula?

Abdominal obesity causing an exaggeration of the lumbar curvature

Which of the following is NOT likely to cause kyphosis?

Coccyx

Which of the following is NOT one of the three fused bones that form each coxal bone?

costal groove

Which of the following is NOT one of the three parts of the sternum?

Upper limb

Which of the following is NOT part of the axial skeleton?

The mandible is larger and more robust in males.

Which of the following is a common difference between the male and female skeleton?

Clavicle

Which of the following is commonly known as the collarbone?

trochlea

Which of the following is found on the distal portion of the humerus?

providing attachments for muscles that move the legs and feet

Which of the following is not a function of the axial skeleton?

Contraction

Which of the following is not a function of the skeletal system?

Femur

Which of the following is the largest and heaviest bone in the body?

Anterior fontanelle

Which of the following is the largest fontanelle and is commonly called the "soft spot" in newborn babies?

Tibia

Which of the following is the medial bone in the leg?

The sternum does not ossify until an individual reaches 30 years of age.

Which of the following statements about the thoracic cage is FALSE?

The pelvic inlet in the female is more open and circular.

Which of the following statements is most accurate comparing the differences in male and female pelvic girdle?

calcaneus

Which of the following tarsals forms the bone of the heel?

The stability of the scapula would decrease.

Which of the following would occur if you broke your collarbone?

Rib pairs 11 and 12

Which of the ribs are referred to as vertebral ribs?

The longitudinal arch

Which part of the foot provides a cushioning or shock-absorbing effect?

The medial border

Which part of the scapula is closest to the vertebral column?

Sella turcica

Which part of the sphenoid bone houses the pituitary gland?

Thoracic

Which region of the vertebral column articulates with the ribs?

Rib pairs 8-12

Which ribs are named false ribs?

The scapula and humerus

Which two bones articulate at the glenoid cavity?

Spinous process

Which vertebral process projects posteriorly?

Fibrous connective tissue connects the cranial bones.

Why can the skull be distorted without damage during birth?

Some vertebrae fuse together after birth.

Why does the adult vertebral column have fewer vertebrae than that of a newborn?

The brain stops growing, and cranial sutures develop.

Why does the most significant growth in the skull occur before 5 years of age?

The joints and connective tissue between the tibia and fibula are different than the joints and connective tissue between the radius and ulna.

Why is it NOT possible to move the bones of the leg like you can move the bones of the forearm, even though there are two bones in each?

E) sphenoid.

18) A skull bone that could be described as looking like a bat with wings extended is the A) cribriform. B) maxilla. C) crista galli. D) ethmoid. E) sphenoid.

E) All of the answers are correct.

1) Which of the following is a function of the axial skeleton? A) provides protection for the brain and spinal cord B) provides an attachment for muscles that move the appendicular skeleton C) provides an attachment for muscles involved in respiration D) provides an attachment for muscles that move the head, neck, and trunk E) All of the answers are correct.

B) mastoid process.

10) The prominent bulge just posterior and inferior to the external auditory meatus is the A) temporal process. B) mastoid process. C) condyloid process. D) occipital condyle. E) styloid process.

E) ilium.

100) The sacrum articulates with the A) ischium and pubis. B) ischium. C) pubis. D) ilium and ischium. E) ilium.

B) pelvis.

101) The coxal bone and sacrum combine to form the A) pelvic girdle. B) pelvis. C) pectoral girdle. D) hips. E) pubic symphysis.

A) femur.

102) The longest and heaviest bone in the body is the A) femur. B) tibia. C) fibula. D) coxal bone. E) humerus.

C) calcaneus

103) Which of the following is the heel bone? A) navicular B) cuboid C) calcaneus D) patella E) talus

C) talus.

104) The distal end of the tibia articulates with the A) patella. B) coxal bone. C) talus. D) calcaneus. E) fibula.

E) hallux.

105) Another name for the first toe is A) lateral cuneiform. B) hyoid. C) pollex. D) phalanx. E) hallux.

B) his foot

106) Tom stumbles and injures his hallux. What part of his anatomy is injured? A) his ankle B) his foot C) his hand D) his hip E) his knee

D) ulna

107) Which of the following is not a lower limb bone? A) patella B) femur C) fibula D) ulna E) metatarsal

E) contains arches that help distribute body weight.

108) Compared to the hand, the foot A) has more phalanges. B) has fewer metatarsals than the hand has metacarpals. C) has more tarsal bones than the hand has carpal bones. D) has the same number of tarsal bones as the hand has carpal bones. E) contains arches that help distribute body weight.

A) angle of pubic arch greater than 100 degrees

109) Which of the following is not a characteristic of the male pelvis? A) angle of pubic arch greater than 100 degrees B) relatively deep iliac fossa C) heavy, rough textured bone D) heart-shaped pelvic inlet E) ilia extend far above sacrum

A) frontal

11) Which of these is not one of the facial bones? A) frontal B) maxilla C) zygomatic D) vomer E) mandible

E) coccyx points anteriorly

110) Which of the following is a not characteristic of the female pelvis? A) triangular obturator foramen B) bone markings not very prominent C) ischial spine points posteriorly D) sacrum broad and short E) coccyx points anteriorly

A) clavicles

111) The ________ are S-shaped bones that articulate lateral to the jugular notch. A) clavicles B) acromial processes C) manubria D) rib pairs 1 and 2 E) coracoid processes

D) pubic symphysis.

112) The two pubic bones join medially at the A) pubic tubercle. B) superior ramus. C) inferior ramus. D) pubic symphysis. E) pubic tuberosity.

A) interosseous

113) The radius and ulna are bound to each other by a(n) ________ ligament. A) interosseous B) intrabrachial C) antebrachial D) lateromedial E) radioulnar

C) outlet

114) The pelvic ________ is bordered by the coccyx, the ischial tuberosities, and the inferior border of the pubic symphysis. A) inlet B) crest C) outlet D) spine E) brim

A) tibia

115) The medial malleolus is located on the A) tibia. B) ischium. C) patella. D) fibula. E) femur.

D) styloid process.

12) Ligaments that support the hyoid bone are attached to the A) articular tubercle. B) mastoid process. C) middle concha. D) styloid process. E) posterior clinoid process.

B) petrous process.

13) Each of the following landmarks is associated with the occipital bone except the A) jugular foramen. B) petrous process. C) superficial nuchal lines. D) hypoglossal canals. E) occipital crest.

A) sella turcica.

14) Each of the following is associated with the temporal bone except the A) sella turcica. B) mandibular fossa. C) petrous portion. D) mastoid cells. E) internal acoustic meatus.

C) pituitary

15) The hypophyseal fossa of the sella turcica contains the ________ gland. A) sellar B) lacrimal C) pituitary D) olfactory E) nasal

B) cribriform plate.

16) Each of the following structures is associated with the sphenoid bone except the A) sella turcica. B) cribriform plate. C) foramen ovale. D) pterygoid processes. E) optic canals.

D) crista galli.

17) A membrane that stabilizes the position of the brain is attached to the A) perpendicular plate. B) pterygoid processes. C) styloid process. D) crista galli. E) cribriform plate.

C) the mandible and the cranium.

46) Sutures can be found at all of the joints of an adult skull except between A) the vomer and the zygomatic bone. B) the sphenoid bone and the ethmoid bone. C) the mandible and the cranium. D) the occipital bone and the parietal bone. E) the zygomatic bone and the maxillary bone.

A) maxilla.

47) The floor of the orbital complex is formed by the A) maxilla. B) zygomatic. C) ethmoid. D) frontal. E) sphenoid.

A) maxilla.

48) The largest sinus is within which bone? A) maxilla B) ethmoid C) frontal D) nasal E) sphenoid

B) The mucus they secrete enters the oral cavities.

49) Which statement(s) about the functions of the paranasal sinuses is/are not true? A) They support cilia that move the mucus. B) The mucus they secrete enters the oral cavities. C) They make skull bones lighter. D) They provide an extensive area of mucous epithelium. E) All of the answers are correct.

B) palatine process of the maxillae.

5) The hard palate of the roof of the mouth is mostly formed by the A) zygomatic process. B) palatine process of the maxillae. C) nasal bones. D) palatine bones. E) sphenoid bone.

A) anterior fontanel.

50) While you're visiting your friend who recently gave birth, she comments on her infant's soft spot. You think to yourself that the correct term for the "soft spot" located at the intersection of the frontal, sagittal, and coronal sutures is A) anterior fontanel. B) cushion spot. C) sphenoidal fontanel. D) occipital fontanel. E) mastoid fontanel.

B) checks the anterior fontanel for depression.

51) While volunteering in an outpatient clinic for underprivileged families in your neighborhood, you observe the nurse assessing an infant. The mother had complained about the baby not eating and having several episodes of diarrhea lasting 3 days. You know the nurse suspects possible dehydration when she A) points out the dryness of the infant's diaper. B) checks the anterior fontanel for depression. C) weighs the infant. D) questions the mother about normal feeding habits. E) checks the infant's reflexes.

A) cervical and lumbar

52) The four curves of the adult spinal column are not all present at birth. Which of the following are the secondary curves, which do not appear until several months later? A) cervical and lumbar B) sacral and lumbar C) thoracic and lumbar D) thoracic and sacral E) cervical and sacral

B) scoliosis.

53) An exaggerated lateral curvature is termed A) lordosis. B) scoliosis. C) mentosis. D) kyphosis. E) gomphosis.

E) axial

54) The four spinal curves include all but one of the following. Identify the exception. A) cervical B) thoracic C) lumbar D) sacral E) axial

A) accommodate the thoracic and abdominopelvic viscera.

55) The primary spinal curves A) accommodate the thoracic and abdominopelvic viscera. B) develop several months after birth. C) are also called compensation curves. D) develop several months after birth to accommodate the growing viscera in the thoracic cavity. E) All of the answers are correct.

E) 12

56) The vertebral column contains ________ thoracic vertebrae. A) 7 B) 4 C) 5 D) 31 E) 12

B) 5

57) The vertebral column contains ________ lumbar vertebrae. A) 31 B) 5 C) 4 D) 7 E) 12

A) laminae.

58) The vertebral arch is formed by the pedicles and the A) laminae. B) transverse spinous processes. C) intervertebral disc. D) dorsal spinous processes. E) costal facets.

E) vertebral body.

59) The part of the vertebrae that transfers weight along the axis of the vertebral column is the A) intervertebral space. B) articular processes. C) vertebral arch. D) transverse process. E) vertebral body.

A) occipital

6) The foramen magnum is found in the ________ bone. A) occipital B) temporal C) parietal D) frontal E) sphenoid

D) sacral and coccygeal regions

60) Vertebrae of which regions are fused in the adult? A) lumbar region B) thoracic C) sacral region D) sacral and coccygeal regions E) coccygeal region

C) axis.

61) The dens process is found on the A) atlas. B) ribs. C) axis. D) sacrum. E) coccyx.

E) seventh cervical

62) The vertebra prominens is another name for the ________ vertebra. A) second cervical B) first thoracic C) first cervical D) fifth lumbar E) seventh cervical

D) facets for the articulation of ribs.

63) Thoracic vertebrae can be distinguished from other vertebrae by the presence of A) costal cartilages. B) transverse processes. C) notched spinous processes. D) facets for the articulation of ribs. E) transverse foramina.

E) transverse foramen.

64) The distinguishing feature of a cervical vertebra is the A) spinous process. B) costal facet. C) vertebral arch. D) pedicle. E) transverse foramen.

D) sacral: 1

65) Which of the following types of vertebrae and their numbers is not correct? A) cervical: 7 B) coccygeal: 3 to 5 C) lumbar: 5 D) sacral: 1 E) thoracic: 12

scoliosis

An abnormal lateral curvature of the spine is called __________.

head

An expanded joint surface shaped like a ball and found on the articular end of the epiphysis is called a __________.

the arch of the foot

As a group, the metatarsals are the bones that comprise __________.

osteoclastic crypt

As osteoclasts absorb and remove bone matrix, they leave shallow depressions called a(n) _________.

scapula

At its proximal end, the round head of the humerus articulates with the __________.

Ethmoid bone

Because of its position in the skull, there is one bone that forms part of the floor of the cranium, the roof of the nasal cavity, a wall of the eye orbit, and divides the nasal cavity into two parts. Which bone does all this?

the diameter of the vertebral foramen decreases, and the size of the vertebral body increases

Beginning at the superior end of the vertebral canal and proceeding inferiorly, __________.

osteogenic cells

Even as an adult, we have populations of primitive cells that can produce osteoblasts. These primitive cells are called __________.

sutures

Except for the mandible, all bones of the skull articulate at joints called __________.

ethmoid, sphenoid, frontal, and maxillary

In which of the following groups does each bone contain a sinus?

sutural bones.

Small, flat, irregularly shaped bones found between the flat bones of the skull are called ________

skull, vertebrae, ribs, sternum, hyoid

Of the following choices, which one includes bones found exclusively in the axial skeleton?

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, coccyx

Of the following, which correctly identifies the sequence of the vertebrae from superior to inferior?

sternal end

On the clavicle, the __________ articulates with the manubrium.

red marrow

One function of bone is to produce red and white blood cells. These cells are made in what substance in bone?

vertebrochondral ribs

Ribs pairs 8, 9, and 10 are called __________.

Protection

Shielding the soft organs like the brain, spinal cord, and heart with its hard, strong matrix is an example of which function of the skeletal system?

They are as long as they are wide.

The appendicular skeleton has many long bones. Which of the following is NOT characteristic of long bones?

C3 to C7

The area of the greatest degree of flexibility along the vertebral column is found from __________.

hyoid and auditory ossicles

The associated bones of the skull include the __________.

cranial and thoracic cavities

The axial skeleton creates a framework that supports and protects organ systems in the __________.

It is the attachment site for muscles that move the arm.

The body of the scapula is valuable for what reason?

radius and the ulna

The bones of the forearm are the __________.

clavicle and scapula

The bones of the pectoral girdle include the __________.

lacrimal, ethmoid, and sphenoid

The bones that make up the eye socket, or orbit, include the __________.

the acromion process

The bony point of the shoulder that you feel along the superior margin of the shoulder joint is __________.

short bones

The carpals or wrist bones are examples of __________.

manubrium

The clavicles articulate with a bone of the sternum called the __________.

The capitulum and the trochlea

The condyle of the humerus is made up of which structures?

scapula

The coracoid process and acromion are parts of the __________.

trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, and hamate

The distal carpals are the __________.

ischial tuberosity

The enlarged roughened projection that bears your weight when you are sitting is the __________.

skeletal muscles to bones

The fibers of tendons intermingle with those of the periosteum, attaching __________.

true ribs

The first seven ribs are called __________, and they connect to the sternum by individual costal cartilages.

foramen magnum

The foramen that allows the medulla of the brainstem to connect with the spinal cord is the __________.

lambdoidal, sagittal, coronal, and squamous

The sutures that articulate the bones of the skull are the __________ sutures.

fingers and toes

The term "phalanges" is used for the bones of the __________.

broad, light, and smooth

The general appearance of the female pelvis is different from that of the male pelvis in that the female pelvis is __________.

the expansion of the brain

The growth of the cranium is usually associated with __________.

distal

The head of the ulna is located __________ to the ulnar tuberosity.

Long bones

The humerus and the femur are examples of what shape of bone?

permit the passage of nerves to and from the spinal cord

The intervertebral foramina __________.

the pubic symphysis

The joint between the two coxal bones is called the __________.

tibia

The large medial bone of the leg is the ____________.

capitate

The largest carpal bone in the hand is the __________.

attachment of muscles to bones

The lines, tubercles, crests, ridges, and other processes on bones represent areas that are used primarily for __________.

lateral

The malleolus of the fibula is always on the __________ aspect of the leg.

ilium

The more superior, broad, and wing-like bone of the pelvic girdle is the __________.

accelerating the production of mucous

The mucous membrane of the paranasal sinuses responds to environmental stress by __________.

make air flow easier

The mucus secreted by the nasal epithelium does all of the following EXCEPT __________.

metaphysis

The narrow zone that connects the epiphysis and the diaphysis of long bones is the _________.

all of the listed bones and structures are correct

The nasal complex consists of __________.

posterior

The olecranon fossa on the humerus is located on the bone's __________ surface.

Clavicle and sternum

The only joint between the upper appendage and the axial skeleton involves which bones?

cervical

The only vertebrae that have transverse foramina in the transverse processes are __________.

optic canal

The passageway that allows the optic nerve to reach the eyeball for the sense of vision is the __________.

thumb

The pollex is the __________.

position the shoulder joint and provide a base for arm movement

The primary function of the pectoral girdle is to __________.

accommodate the thoracic and abdominopelvic viscera

The primary spinal curves that appear late in fetal development __________.

the male pelvis

The sacrum and the coccyx are curved in __________.

the parietal bones to each other

The sagittal suture joins __________.

sphenoid, frontal, ethmoid, and maxillary bones

The sinuses, or internal chambers in the skull, are found in the __________.

thoracic vertebrae, ribs, and sternum

The skeleton of the chest, or thorax, consists of __________.

triquetrum

The small, pea-shaped pisiform bone sits anterior to the __________ bone.

posterior

The spine of the scapula is located on the bone's __________ surface.

vertebral canal

The structure that encloses and protects the spinal cord is the __________.

Ethmoid bone

The superior and middle nasal conchae are part of which bone?

olecranon

The superior lip of the trochlear notch of the ulna is formed by the __________.

muscle attachment

The surfaces of the scapulae and clavicles are extremely important as sites for __________.

Ulna

The trochlea of the humerus articulates with what bone?

flat bones

Thin bones that form the roof of the skull, the sternum, and the scapulae are considered ________.