Exam 3 (Chapter 9)
Long term use of antibiotics may result in Vitamin K deficiency because
antibiotics may change the bacterial flora in the gut, decreasing vitamin K production.
Adequate Vitamin D intake has been associated with
inhibiting the development of autoimmune disorders
The recommended intake of Vitamin E is expressed in
mg's of alpha tocopherol
Vitamin A may be lacking in diets of people in North America because
people choose diets which contain low amounts of Vitamin A
African Americans are at an increased risk of Vitamin D deficiency for all of the following reasons except:
their darkly pigmented skin filters out more light. ----they spend less time in the sun than people of other ethnic backgrounds---- (not true) they consume less milk. they have a higher incidence of lactose intolerance.
Which statement about Vitamin D toxicity is FALSE?
----It is likely to be caused by too much sunlight---- (FALSE) TRUE It may be caused by over-supplementation or over-fortification. It results in calcium deposition in soft tissues. It may cause cardiovascular damage.
Children in developing nations are most likely to develop deficiency symptoms associated with which Vitamin?
A
Deficiencies of vitamins ______________ and ______________ are most common in developing countries.
A and D
Excessive Intake of Vitamin A from supplements could cause all of the following EXCEPT:
Acne Can cause (Liver damage, birth defects, and increased incidence of bone fracture)
What is true about Provitamin A
It is bound to fatty acids
Which statement about the stability of Vitamin E is false?
It is often destroyed in the normal cookin process
Which statement about cholecalciferol is FALSE?
It is the chemical name for vitamin D_3 It is formed in the skin of humans by exposure to sunlight. It is derived from cholesterol. ----It is destroyed by UV light---(FALSE)
Beta-Carotene is least plentiful in which food?
Kiwis
Vitamin A is stable except when exposed to
Light and Oxygen
Vitamin K deficiency can be caused by
Long term use of antibiotics
Why is Vitamin D deficiency on the rise?
Low consumption of milk fortified with vitamin D
Which is true regarding Vitamin E in the Diet?
Natural Tocopherol is about twice as active as the synthetic type
What is a function of Vitamin E?
Neutralizes reactive oxygen compounds to prevent cell damage
A V-D deficiency disease in adults which is characterized by weak or soft bones is called
Osteomalacia
Since vitamin A and Carotenoids are bound to protein in foods, _____________ is necessary to release them for absorption
Pepsin
Vitamin A toxicity occurs most frequently when large amounts of ___________ are ingested
Preformed Vitamin A supplements
Vitamin E deficiency in the US is most likely to be a problem in
Premature Infants
Which of the following is not a role of Vitamin E?
Protects membranes Maintains the integrity of red blood cells Protects against some environmental pollutants ---Prevents blood clotting--
The primary function of Vitamin D in the body is to
Regulate calcium and phosphorus levels
The actions of Vitamin D do not include
Regulating Thyroid Hormone Synthesis
Vitamin A is essential for _____________
Reproduction, Growth, and Immune Function
Which form of Vitamin A is involved in Vision?
Retinal
Differentiation, or the process by which cells become more specialized, is most affected by which form of Vitamin A?
Retinoic Acid
Which transports preformed Vitamin A from liver stores to tissues?
Retinol Binding Protein
__________________ is a visual pigment that helps to transform light energy into a nerve impulse sent to the brain
Rhodopsin
A V-D deficiency syndrome characterized by bone deformities in children is called
Rickets
Why are fat-soluble vitamin deficiencies occurring the in the developed world?
Rising reliance on fast food has reduced our intake of fruits and vegetables
Why would Vitamin A deficiency cause eye infections and blindness?
Vitamin A maintains epithelial tissues
Reduced consumption of fruits and vegetables, tends to decrease intake of all of the following fat-soluble vitamins EXCEPT vitamin ______________.
Vitamin D
Which vitamin is reffered to as the "sunshine vitamin"
Vitamin D
What is true about the function of Vitamin D
Vitamin D works with parathyroid hormone (PTH) to increase calcium retention by the kidneys.
Why Vitamin D is known as the sunshine Vitamin
It can be produced in the skin after exposure to UV light
Vitamin D acts primarily in the
Intestine Kidney Bone
Which food contains the highest amount of Vitamin E
Almonds
Which of the following carotenoids has vitamin A in the body?
Alpha
The carotenoid with the most Vitamin A activity is?
Beta Carotene
Fat soluble vitamins require ______________ and ______________ for absorption into intestinal cells.
Bile and Dietary fat
Vitamin K is required to produce prothrombin, which is needed for
Blood Clotting
Vitamin D regulates _______________ and _______________ balance in the body
Calcium and Phosphorous
A condition in which carotenoids accumulate in adipose tissue causing skin discoloration is:
Called Hypercarotenemia
Retin A and Acutane, derived from Vitamin A can do all of the following except
Can't Prevent one from getting the flu CAN -Reduce skin wrinkles -Treat acne -Increase epithelial cell turnover
Which statement about canned vegetables is FALSE?
Canning exposes vegetables to high temperatures, reducing their nutrient content. Canned vegetables are typically high in salt. Canned vegetables have a very long shelf life. ---Current dietary recommendations are to rarely, if ever, consume canned vegetables-- (False)
Which form(s) of Vitamin A has antioxidant properties?
Carotenoids
The action of sunlight on 7-dehdrocholesterol forms
Cholecalciferol
Fat soluble vitamins are transported from the intestine within ______________.
Chylomicrons
____________________ is an anticoagulant that interferes with the action of Vitamin K
Dicumarol
The best way to increase antioxidant intake is to
Eat more fruits, vegetables, and whole grains
Which group of people is most at risk for V-D deficiency?
Elderly
When Vitamin A is deficient, all of the following occur EXCEPT
Epithelial Cells produce too much mucus
Keratomalacia most severly effects the
Eyes
When consumption of _____________ is insufficient, Vitamin A absorption is decreased
Fat
Cystic Fibrosis increases the risk of Vitamin E deficiency because
Fat absorption is reduced
Vitamin E is essential for
Fertility
Which is NOT considered a good dietary source of Vitamin E?
Fortified Breakfast cereals Soybean Soil Peanuts ------Dark Orange and Yellow Vegetables---- (NOT a good source)
Which statement about frozen foods is incorrect?
Freezing vegetables causes nutrient losses. ----Fresh produce in grocery stores always has higher nutrient content than frozen produce--- (False) Produce is often frozen in the fields where it is grown. Freezing slows the loss of nu
As the intake of polyunsaturated fats increases, the need for Vitamin E
Increases
Which statement about fat soluble vitamins is true and which is false?
They can function in the control of gene expression. ----Fat soluble vitamins are only found in plant-based foods.---- (False) Intake can vary without risking deficiency as long as the average intake is adequate. After absorption, they are transported in the lymphatic system.
When Vitamin A is deficient there is a delay in the regeneration of the visual pigment. Which statement is incorrect?
This condition is called night blindness. This causes difficulty adapting to dim light after exposure to bright light. This is one of the first signs of a vitamin A deficiency. ----This condition is irreversible----(INCORRECT)
The primary function of Vitamin E is
To act as an antioxidant
What is the purpose of the retinol activity equivalents?
To provide a factor for converting a quantity of carotenoids to an equivalent amount of vitamin A.
In the liver, Vitamin E is incorporated into _________________ and from there delivered to cells
VLDL's
Which of the following is a good source of Vitamin E
Vegetable Oil
Which of the following is a fat-soluble vitamin?
Vitamin A
Which vitamin has the best known role in cell differentiation?
Vitamin A
Xeropthalmia
Vitamin A deficiency
Which fat soluble vitamin can be synthesized by intestinal bacteria
Vitamin K
The food that contains the most Vitamin D is
Whole Milk
Which statement is true about the need for dietary supplements?
Women of child-bearing age need extra folate
Vitamin A deficiency can result in
Xerophthalmia
_____________ is necessary for proper Vitamin A transport and metabolism
Zinc