Exam 3 (Chapter 9)

Long term use of antibiotics may result in Vitamin K deficiency because

antibiotics may change the bacterial flora in the gut, decreasing vitamin K production.

Adequate Vitamin D intake has been associated with

inhibiting the development of autoimmune disorders

The recommended intake of Vitamin E is expressed in

mg's of alpha tocopherol

Vitamin A may be lacking in diets of people in North America because

people choose diets which contain low amounts of Vitamin A

African Americans are at an increased risk of Vitamin D deficiency for all of the following reasons except:

their darkly pigmented skin filters out more light. ----they spend less time in the sun than people of other ethnic backgrounds---- (not true) they consume less milk. they have a higher incidence of lactose intolerance.

Which statement about Vitamin D toxicity is FALSE?

----It is likely to be caused by too much sunlight---- (FALSE) TRUE It may be caused by over-supplementation or over-fortification. It results in calcium deposition in soft tissues. It may cause cardiovascular damage.

Children in developing nations are most likely to develop deficiency symptoms associated with which Vitamin?

A

Deficiencies of vitamins ______________ and ______________ are most common in developing countries.

A and D

Excessive Intake of Vitamin A from supplements could cause all of the following EXCEPT:

Acne Can cause (Liver damage, birth defects, and increased incidence of bone fracture)

What is true about Provitamin A

It is bound to fatty acids

Which statement about the stability of Vitamin E is false?

It is often destroyed in the normal cookin process

Which statement about cholecalciferol is FALSE?

It is the chemical name for vitamin D_3 ​​ It is formed in the skin of humans by exposure to sunlight. It is derived from cholesterol. ----It is destroyed by UV light---(FALSE)

Beta-Carotene is least plentiful in which food?

Kiwis

Vitamin A is stable except when exposed to

Light and Oxygen

Vitamin K deficiency can be caused by

Long term use of antibiotics

Why is Vitamin D deficiency on the rise?

Low consumption of milk fortified with vitamin D

Which is true regarding Vitamin E in the Diet?

Natural Tocopherol is about twice as active as the synthetic type

What is a function of Vitamin E?

Neutralizes reactive oxygen compounds to prevent cell damage

A V-D deficiency disease in adults which is characterized by weak or soft bones is called

Osteomalacia

Since vitamin A and Carotenoids are bound to protein in foods, _____________ is necessary to release them for absorption

Pepsin

Vitamin A toxicity occurs most frequently when large amounts of ___________ are ingested

Preformed Vitamin A supplements

Vitamin E deficiency in the US is most likely to be a problem in

Premature Infants

Which of the following is not a role of Vitamin E?

Protects membranes Maintains the integrity of red blood cells Protects against some environmental pollutants ---Prevents blood clotting--

The primary function of Vitamin D in the body is to

Regulate calcium and phosphorus levels

The actions of Vitamin D do not include

Regulating Thyroid Hormone Synthesis

Vitamin A is essential for _____________

Reproduction, Growth, and Immune Function

Which form of Vitamin A is involved in Vision?

Retinal

Differentiation, or the process by which cells become more specialized, is most affected by which form of Vitamin A?

Retinoic Acid

Which transports preformed Vitamin A from liver stores to tissues?

Retinol Binding Protein

__________________ is a visual pigment that helps to transform light energy into a nerve impulse sent to the brain

Rhodopsin

A V-D deficiency syndrome characterized by bone deformities in children is called

Rickets

Why are fat-soluble vitamin deficiencies occurring the in the developed world?

Rising reliance on fast food has reduced our intake of fruits and vegetables

Why would Vitamin A deficiency cause eye infections and blindness?

Vitamin A maintains epithelial tissues

Reduced consumption of fruits and vegetables, tends to decrease intake of all of the following fat-soluble vitamins EXCEPT vitamin ______________.

Vitamin D

Which vitamin is reffered to as the "sunshine vitamin"

Vitamin D

What is true about the function of Vitamin D

Vitamin D works with parathyroid hormone (PTH) to increase calcium retention by the kidneys.

Why Vitamin D is known as the sunshine Vitamin

It can be produced in the skin after exposure to UV light

Vitamin D acts primarily in the

Intestine Kidney Bone

Which food contains the highest amount of Vitamin E

Almonds

Which of the following carotenoids has vitamin A in the body?

Alpha

The carotenoid with the most Vitamin A activity is?

Beta Carotene

Fat soluble vitamins require ______________ and ______________ for absorption into intestinal cells.

Bile and Dietary fat

Vitamin K is required to produce prothrombin, which is needed for

Blood Clotting

Vitamin D regulates _______________ and _______________ balance in the body

Calcium and Phosphorous

A condition in which carotenoids accumulate in adipose tissue causing skin discoloration is:

Called Hypercarotenemia

Retin A and Acutane, derived from Vitamin A can do all of the following except

Can't Prevent one from getting the flu CAN -Reduce skin wrinkles -Treat acne -Increase epithelial cell turnover

Which statement about canned vegetables is FALSE?

Canning exposes vegetables to high temperatures, reducing their nutrient content. Canned vegetables are typically high in salt. Canned vegetables have a very long shelf life. ---Current dietary recommendations are to rarely, if ever, consume canned vegetables-- (False)

Which form(s) of Vitamin A has antioxidant properties?

Carotenoids

The action of sunlight on 7-dehdrocholesterol forms

Cholecalciferol

Fat soluble vitamins are transported from the intestine within ______________.

Chylomicrons

____________________ is an anticoagulant that interferes with the action of Vitamin K

Dicumarol

The best way to increase antioxidant intake is to

Eat more fruits, vegetables, and whole grains

Which group of people is most at risk for V-D deficiency?

Elderly

When Vitamin A is deficient, all of the following occur EXCEPT

Epithelial Cells produce too much mucus

Keratomalacia most severly effects the

Eyes

When consumption of _____________ is insufficient, Vitamin A absorption is decreased

Fat

Cystic Fibrosis increases the risk of Vitamin E deficiency because

Fat absorption is reduced

Vitamin E is essential for

Fertility

Which is NOT considered a good dietary source of Vitamin E?

Fortified Breakfast cereals Soybean Soil Peanuts ------Dark Orange and Yellow Vegetables---- (NOT a good source)

Which statement about frozen foods is incorrect?

Freezing vegetables causes nutrient losses. ----Fresh produce in grocery stores always has higher nutrient content than frozen produce--- (False) Produce is often frozen in the fields where it is grown. Freezing slows the loss of nu

As the intake of polyunsaturated fats increases, the need for Vitamin E

Increases

Which statement about fat soluble vitamins is true and which is false?

They can function in the control of gene expression. ----Fat soluble vitamins are only found in plant-based foods.---- (False) Intake can vary without risking deficiency as long as the average intake is adequate. After absorption, they are transported in the lymphatic system.

When Vitamin A is deficient there is a delay in the regeneration of the visual pigment. Which statement is incorrect?

This condition is called night blindness. This causes difficulty adapting to dim light after exposure to bright light. This is one of the first signs of a vitamin A deficiency. ----This condition is irreversible----(INCORRECT)

The primary function of Vitamin E is

To act as an antioxidant

What is the purpose of the retinol activity equivalents?

To provide a factor for converting a quantity of carotenoids to an equivalent amount of vitamin A.

In the liver, Vitamin E is incorporated into _________________ and from there delivered to cells

VLDL's

Which of the following is a good source of Vitamin E

Vegetable Oil

Which of the following is a fat-soluble vitamin?

Vitamin A

Which vitamin has the best known role in cell differentiation?

Vitamin A

Xeropthalmia

Vitamin A deficiency

Which fat soluble vitamin can be synthesized by intestinal bacteria

Vitamin K

The food that contains the most Vitamin D is

Whole Milk

Which statement is true about the need for dietary supplements?

Women of child-bearing age need extra folate

Vitamin A deficiency can result in

Xerophthalmia

_____________ is necessary for proper Vitamin A transport and metabolism

Zinc