Exam 3 Questions

In a mating of two CF carries, the probability of having a CF-affected offspring is ?

.25 for each birth.

In a mating of homozygous normal man with a woman that possesses one mutant Hunington's Disease allele, the probability of having a Hunington's-affected offspring is?

.50.

In the figure directly above, what is the frequency of the "R" allele?

10.

Which of the following can cause cancer to develop and progress?

A & C: an oncogene and a mutated tumor suppressor gene.

Aspirin is a drug that was originally obtained from?

A plant species.

Which of the following chemicals in our environment "is a/are" known endocrine disrupters?

All of the above; arsenic, mercury, lead, bisphenol A.

Which of the following are ways to reduce your exposure to environmental toxins?

All of the above; filtering home water, storing/carrying water in stainless steel containers, microwaving food items in ceramic containers rather than plastic containers, eating organic food.

The negative consequences of taking antibiotics for a viral infection include which of the following?

All of the above; its a waste of your money, it increases the likelihood of the evolution of additional antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria, and it alters the assemblage of beneficial prokaryotes that inhabit your large intestine.

An alternate version of a gene is called?

Allele.

PC-SPES is an herbal supplement marketed for its ____ activity and today, it is ____ in the USA.

Anti-cancer and banned.

Our most important medical tool to help people deal with bacterial infections are?

Antibiotics.

The above population demonstrates?

B & C: an increase in population size over time and microevolution.

Antibiotics kill or slow the growth of?

Bacteria.

Bacteria reproduce by?

Binary fission.

A sensitive S. aureus bacterium acquires a new gene that allows it to resist the effects of beta-lactam antibiotics. What might the protein encoded by that gene do?

Digest beta-lactam antibiotics.

In the figure above, which of the following is displayed?

Directional selection.

The exchange of homologous chromosome arms occurs?

During prophase I of meiosis.

"Change in the frequency of alleles in a population over time" is a definition for?

Evolution.

What are the two major mechanisms by which bacterial populations generate genetic diversity?

Gene exchange (horizontal gene transfer) and mutation.

When a mutation causes a gene to become longer, this change in DNA is called?

Insertion.

The type of structural chromosomal mutation illustrated directly above is called?

Inversion.

MRSA is an acronym for?

Methicillin-resistant S. aureus.

A mutation causes a substitution one amino acid for another in the encoded protein. What type of mutation is this?

Missense.

Taxol (a chemotherapeutic agent used to treat some cancers) interferes with ____ and it is active in ____ of the cell cycle.

Mitosis; metaphase/anaphase.

DNA replication mistakes that make it safely through the system of monitoring and repair or destruction are called?

Mutations.

In a diploid cell undergoing meiosis, its DNA replicates _____ and the cell divides _____.

Once; twice.

The process that directly causes the thickened mucous in the lungs CF patients is?

Osmosis.

The "GO" sign in the figure represents ____ and the "STOP" signs represent____.

Proto-oncogenes and proteins; tumor suppressor genes and proteins.

Both ____ and _____ are directly responsible for the fact that no two gametes produced by humans are genetically identical.

Recombination and independent assortment.

Why are more antibiotics given to healthy farm animals in the state of North Carolina each year than to all of the sick people in the USA?

So the animals grow faster.

The type of effect, relative to the irinotecan and PHY906 treatments, displayed in the figure above is called?

Synergistic.

All of the following will help reduce the spread of drug-resistant bacteria except?

Taking a strong antibiotic at the first sign of illness.

Normally, what tell cells to pause the cell cycle to fix mistakes?

Tumor suppressor genes.

If a DNA codon changed from AGC to AGT, then the corresponding mRNA codon would change from?

UCG to UCA.

Women can inherit alleles of a gene called BRCA 1 that puts them at higher risk for breast cancer. The alleles associated with elevated cancer risk are dominant. Of the genotypes listed below, which carries the lowest genetic risk of developing breast cancer?

bb.