Exam 3 Questions

When information transmitted through the grapevine is based on fact rather than speculation, how accurate is it likely to be?

55 percent (55% of message may be transmitted by facial expressions and body posture, 38% derives from inflection and tone, 7% from the actual words)

The IT director told the production manager that she will not approve the software upgrade for the production team unless the production manager supports the IT request for a budget increase at the next managers meeting. Which type of political behavior is reflected in the given scenario?

Coercion (using force to gain support; inducement involves providing something of value in exchange for support)

Steve's usual method for getting his staff to do their jobs is to threaten to dock their pay or put reprimands in their files if they do not comply. This is an example of which type of power?

Coercive (referent is identification, imitation, and loyalty)

As a nurse, Raj works four ten-hour days per week. This allows him to have better control over patient care. Which type of scheduling does Raj's hospital use?

Compressed

Mikel runs the marketing department, and he assigns accounts to groups of employees instead of just one employee. He allows the group to control the work, including who does the work and when it is done. Which type of method does Mikel use to empower his employees?

Decentralized teams

Which approach to negotiation tries to predict how negotiators will depart from rationality and focuses on providing advice to negotiators actively involved in negotiations?

Decision analytic

Jolanta has noticed a decline in sales for one of her staff members. She asked her employee to look at it and have them identify why sales are low. She asked her staff to try and define the problem and come up with a solution. According to Vroom's decision tree, Jolanta is exhibiting which decision-making style?

Delegate (allows group to solve problem)

After taking night classes and receiving his degree, Raphael agreed to stay in his current job, but has found he is bored and unchallenged. He is evaluating his current job and his desire to stay longer. Which step in the motivation framework is Raphael in?

Evaluation of need satisfaction

Employees at LevelTech are paid every Friday. This is an example of reinforcement that is provided on which type of schedule?

Fixed-interval

Because of the nature of the work done in Ozlem's department, work must be done on site. However, Ozlem has found that many of her employees want to get out earlier to be home when their children get home from school. An almost equal number of employees find it difficult to be at their desks by 8:30 in the morning. What type of work schedule should Ozlem try?

Flextime

Jolanta and several other colleagues have just been placed in a group to resolve quality issues on the plant floor. No one really knows each other, and Jolanta is trying to determine what is acceptable by reading cues from others. Which state of team development are Jolanta and her colleagues in?

Forming

Jolanta's department using a reward system. When employees offer ideas that save the company money, the group will receive up to 20 percent of the money the company saves. Which type of reward system does Jolanta's department use?

Gainsharing (cost savings associated with gains in productivity)

BelTech and SouthernCell are considering a merger. Before they even entered into negotiations, both companies had teams of professionals analyze every alternative and outcome with probabilities and numerical outcomes reflecting the preferences of negotiating parties for each outcome. Which negotiating approach are they using?

Game theory (requires that every alternative and outcome be analyzed)

Conflict between two teams within an organization is an example of which type of conflict?

Intergroup

Xavier and Rene, both of whom work in the admissions office, argue constantly about which company they should use to service the copy machine. Which type of conflict are they experiencing?

Interpersonal

Teresita set up a meeting with Bhavik to review details of a new project. She outlined the customer needs, due dates, and format for the project. She shared examples of formats and reporting processes. In this scenario, which channel did Teresita use for her message?

Meeting (new project outline is part of message that is being transmitted; channel is method of info sent)

Nila finds her work very fulfilling. While salary is important to her, Nila is most satisfied with the recognition she receives for her efforts on a cross-departmental work team. Her supervisor and team leader have both expressed the company's gratitude for her contributions and praise for her performance. Based on the two-factor theory of motivation, Nila's satisfaction derives from which type of factors?

Motivation (comes from Herzberg's motivations theory, suggests that satisfaction relates to work content, and dissatisfaction relates to hygiene factors)

Nila set up a meeting with her employee Arayla to explain why Arayla did not get the promotion she applied for. During the meeting, Arayla sat back in her chair with her arms crossed, with a look of anger on her face. When Nila asked if Arayla had any questions, Arayla responded with "No, this is just fine." Nila knew Arayla was mad! What did Arayla use to communicate her feelings about being passed over for promotion?

Nonverbal communication

Willa has a sensitive announcement to make to her team of 12 sales representatives. She wants to meet with each of them independently so that she can discreetly address any of their individual concerns. Which form of interpersonal communication is Willa using?

Oral

Grant and his team have been made aware of a problem at a customer site. They are working together to find a solution and are focused on the problem at hand. Which stage of development has the group reached?

Performing (1st: forming)

Which of the following is a medium for transmitting an oral message?

Phone call

Jinhoon and Aviva have worked together on several projects, and have enjoyed working together. On occasion, they get together with their spouses and all of them spend time socializing on weekends. Which of the following does this relationship describe?

Positive interpersonal dynamics

Kamiya has a strong desire to be influential in her group and to control what goes on in her environment. Which type of needs would Kamiya be considered high in?

Power

Teresita feels unchallenged at work and is bored. She wants projects that have more challenge, so she began talking to other managers who may need help. Which process in the motivation framework is Teresita experiencing?

Search for ways to satisfy need

Often negotiators cannot change their relative power positions. This is a drawback to which negotiation approach?

Situational characteristics (out of their control, setting in which negotiation occurs)

Arayla is not good at dealing with conflict between her employees. Yesterday, one of her employees told Arayla about a personal disagreement they were having with another employee. Arayla attempted to minimize the conflict and told her employee that things will get better. Which type of conflict resolution process did Arayla use?

Smoothing

Which of the following can best be described as a type of group that functions as a unit, often with little or no supervision, to carry out work-related tasks, functions, and activities?

Team

According to the Leadership Grid, which approach to leadership is thought to be the most ideal because of the interdependence on a common stake in the organization?

Team management

Why is oral communication considered to be a "rich" communication tool?

There is a variety of immediate feedback

Researchers looking at characteristics such as intelligence, assertiveness, or height to identify leadership ability were using which approach to leader behavior?

Trait (some basic traits existed in differentiating leaders from non)

According to the Porter-Lawler extension, when would a person most likely be satisfied with rewards?

When they are perceived as equitable (person evalautes whether rewards equates work done)

Which of the following is true of conflict among groups?

a certain level of conflict among group members can spark creativity and initiative

According to expectancy theory, in order for motivated behavior to occur, which condition must be met?

a person must believe that if effort is expended, high performance will result

According to the basic expectancy model, what should effort be combined with to result in performance?

ability and environmental factors

The emerging pressures for stronger corporate governance models are likely to mean that leaders will _____.

be held more accountable for the consequences of their actions

What is the single most important individual skill for improving communication effectiveness?

being a good listener

As a new manager, Yui wears a dress skirt, blouse, and jacket to work every day. She wants to convey authority and leadership to her staff, customers, and other leaders in the organization. Which element of nonverbal communication is Yui using to indicate her professionalism?

body language (kinds of nonverbal communication used by managers: images, settings, and body language)

Rocky, Natashia, and Borov meet once a week to discuss ways to improve sustainability practices at their company. They are a functional group, which means that the group was formed _____.

by the organization (functional groups)

Which of the following are methods for stimulating conflict in an organization?

changing established procedures

Ben learned that the upcoming company reorganization is likely to impact his department, meaning changes of duties for some of them. Of the eight people on Ben's team, he is closest with Linda and Roberto. He shares this news with the two of them. Linda keeps it to herself, but Roberto tells Davida. This is an example of which type of grapevine?

cluster chain (info is passed by some people but some keep to themselves)

A manager who uses punishment and emotional threat to lead is using which type of leadership power?

coercive (legitimate, reward, and coercive are concrete and grounded in facets of org life/referent is abstract)

Willa's employer has announced a goal of increasing production by 12 more units each day, a challenging but reasonable number. Because Willa will not be paid any extra for reaching this goal, she is not willing to work harder to produce the extra units. Which attribute of the expanded goal-setting theory is not being met in this example?

commitment

Which of the following have managers around the world agreed on, as one of their most important tasks?

communication

Norman's job requires that he works 40 hours a week. Because of certain family obligations, it is difficult for him to work on Tuesdays. So Norman works an extra two hours each of the other days of the week so that he can have Tuesdays off. This arrangement is known as _____.

compressed schedule

What is the basis of effective communication?

consistency of meaning (transmitted in a way that a person understands the info)

What is the vertical dyad described in the leader-member exchange approach?

each superior-subordinate pair in the LMX model is referred to as a vertical dyad

In terms of employee motivation, what is the manager's goal?

encourage employees to work as hard as possible

What is one method of controlling conflict?

enhancing coordination of interdependence

During a staff meeting, Eloisa made a rude comment about a coworker who missed a deadline. Eloisa's manager ignored the comment and moved on to the next topic. Which type of reinforcement did Eloisa's manager use to discourage this type of behavior?

extinction

Which type of reinforcement provides the least incentive for good work?

fixed-interval

Rabeya works with L'Meese and Tariq, but she does not know them well. L'Meese and Tariq are active in a lunchtime book club and invited Rabeya to join them. Rabeya joined because she enjoys reading. Why did Rabeya decide to join this group?

group activities

Tim feels strongly about rescuing stray dogs and cats. He joined Save Our Furry Friends, a local animal activist group, to support that cause. He does not enjoy participating in the group's fundraising or social events, but he does give donations regularly. The main reason Tim joined the group is for _____.

group goals

According to the ERG theory, which need corresponds to the physiological and security needs?

growth

Olesia is trying to improve her listening skills so she can become a more effective listening. Which of the following will inhibit her ability to listen effectively?

having preconceptions about topics (not a skill for)

Apoorva believes her employees value the contributions they make to the organization, and as a manager, she wants to create a work environment that makes full use of the human resources available. Which type of approach to motivation does Apoorva follow?

human resources

What is the advantage to an organization that uses teams regularly?

increased flexibility and responsiveness

Lionel has had difficulty establishing credibility in his investigative role at Crane Cyber Security. His background is in finance, so the engineers at the firm do not perceive him to have enough knowledge about the technological systems needed to investigate malware protection issues. Which type of barrier to communication is Lionel's lack of credibility?

individual (includes subject credibility)

During the interview process, Olesia told a highly qualified candidate that if they accepted the position, the company would cover the cost of relocation and provide an additional bonus. What did Olesia use to encourage the candidate to accept the position?

inducement

Competition for scarce resources, especially funding, can often lead to which type of conflict within an organization?

intergroup conflict

Hua spends the majority of the day responding to email, in conferences, and meeting with clients. Which managerial skills does Hua spend most of his time on?

interpersonal relations

Petra works for human resources in the staffing department. The department manager she supports has seven open positions and wants them filled now. However, the division manager has told Petra they plan to start reducing staff within the next month and not to fill any open positions. Petra is likely experiencing _____.

intrarole conflict (conflicting demands from different sources at work)

A strategic leader needs a thorough understanding of the organization itself, including _____.

its culture

What is true of the grapevine as an informal communications tool?

its use increases when organizations move to suburbs (workers end up talking less to others, more to one another)

Randi needed to hire an assistant. She found only two candidates who were able to meet her needs, but neither one of them was able to work full time. After consulting with the HR manager, Randi was able to split the job between the two candidates, with one working in the morning and the other in the afternoon. This arrangement is known as _____.

job sharing

Kamiya has been asked to determine how to best manage the cost of benefits for her organization. She asks three of her employees, Jewel, Darian, and Ahmed, to offer suggestions on this issue to her. She chose these three specifically because she knows they are key people in the grapevine. How is Kamiya using the grapevine to her advantage?

kamiya is sounding out potential reactions before making decisions

What can leadership, in conjunction with management skills, do for an organization?

keep it aligned with its environment

When determining the best way to encode a message, what should the sender base his or her choice on?

knowledge of the situation and receiver

Which of the following is an organizational barrier to communication?

language differences

Which type of power is granted by the organization hierarchy to be accorded to people occupying a particular position?

legitimate

As a manager, Tariq has consistently demonstrated an appropriate amount of concern for both people and production. On the Leadership Grid, Tariq's style would be classified as _____.

middle-of-the-road-management

Eli is spearheading an important project for his firm. He was waiting on an email with critical information from a co-worker, but he never received it. The firm's intranet went down, and there has been no email transmission today. Eli is experiencing the organizational communication barrier of _____.

noise (envt factor)

Lupita is spearheading an important project for her firm. Every day she receives countless emails from her direct supervisor, the managers of three other departments, and numerous colleagues with suggestions and guidelines regarding features the project must include, budget requirements, and scheduling needs. Lupita is not certain which information is critical to the project and what is just opinions or advice that does not need to be followed. Lupita is experiencing the organizational communication barrier of _____.

overload

Which leadership style will likely be best for a person who has an internal locus of control?

participative

Pallavi has a high concern for production. However, her department has high turnover and low morale. What should Pallavi focus on, based on the Leadership Grid, to improve the effectiveness of her leadership style?

people

Jewel knows that if she can get a new client to sign the deal, she will receive a nice bonus. Because of this, she is putting in long days to ensure everything is perfect before her client meeting. Jewel's perception that her efforts will result in a signed contract is an example of _____.

performance-to-outcome expectancy

As a marketing manager, Olesia often has personal meetings with high-value customers. Yesterday, her client suggested they meet at a restaurant and mentioned he was excited to try some of the new wines on their wine list. Olesia shared her discomfort with her manager and suggested her manager attend as well. Instead, she was encouraged to go alone, and "turn on the charm" since this is a valuable customer. What is Olesia experiencing as it relates to this potential lunch?

person-role conflict (results from discrepancy between the role requirements and values etc./intrarole conflict stems from conflicting demands)

The HR manager insisted that an increase in staff for the production team was simply not in this year's budget. Kelly, the production manager, argued that the upgrade would save money in the long run, as the work would go faster. Additionally, the staff would be able to do their jobs more easily, leading to higher morale as well as lower turnover. Which type of political behavior is reflected in the given scenario?

persuasion (inducement = providing something of value)

Individual barriers to communication include _____.

poor listening skills

Which type of reinforcement would a speeding ticket be?

punishment

Why is transformational leadership becoming more vital to the success of a business?

rapid change and turbulent environments

During her performance appraisal, Ozlem's manager suggested she consider a transfer to another department. She told her manager she enjoys her current job and the people she works with. Ozlem's manager explained that if Ozlem were to transfer, she would likely be considered for project management positions within a year, a great benefit to her career. What did Ozlem's manager use to help her see the benefits of this new position?

rational persuasion

Raul is preparing performance reviews and salary increase suggestions for his staff, which he will then submit to his manager for approval. When determining praise and recognition, which type of power will Raul need to use?

reward

As a manager, Dajhia has created a culture in which her employees participate in making decisions about their work, and she gives them an opportunity to learn new things. Which type of need is Dajhia hoping to help her employees fulfill?

self-actualization

In a functional group or team, what can a manager do to avoid role ambiguity, conflict, and overload?

send clear and straightforward cues

Payal found that competing goals are creating conflict for her staff. What can Payal do to control conflict and eliminate lower-level conflict among her staff?

set superordinate goals

One of the major limitations of the individual differences approach to negotiation, which negated the effects of individual difference, is that it did not consider _____.

situation variables

Which of the following has led to the increased popularity and success of telecommuting?

sophistication and power of communication technology

Directive leadership is less effective when _____.

structure is high and formality is high

Which of the following is a concept that identifies situations in which leader behaviors are neutralized or replaced by characteristics of the subordinate, the task, and the organization?

substitutes for leadership

Jamal and Erika have opposing political views, and almost every conversation they have, on any topic, eventually leads to an argument. They were recently paired up to run a fundraising campaign to help fund an afterschool program for underprivileged children in their community. They were able to work together well enough that the campaign reached its goal and the program was able to open. What did Jamal and Erika use to manage their potential for conflict?

superordinate goals (focused on the goal)

People who support one another and who work well together can accomplish much more than people who do not support one another and who do not work well together. This is an example of _____.

synergy

Which type of group is created by an organization to accomplish a relatively narrow range of purposes within a stated or implied time horizon?

task group

Which style of leadership identified in the LPC theory is similar to job-centered and initiating-structure behaviors in the generic approaches to leadership?

task oriented

One of the primary approaches to negotiation is to study individual characteristics. Which of the following is an example of an individual characteristic?

the locus of control of each party (personality variables: risk taking, locus of control, self-esteem, ambiguity, authoritarianism, and machiavellianism; key to negot. = choosing right person based on personality traits)

Why is management needed in organizations?

to achieve orderly results

Petra has heard through the grapevine that one of her employees is in danger of not making a deadline, but this employee is reluctant to tell her. What can Petra do to overcome reluctance on the part of her staff?

views the news as a challenge that must be overcome (reluctance must be overcome to open lines of communication, this is a way to overcome)

Which of the following helps managers assess a situation quickly and accurately so they can make appropriate decisions regarding employee participation?

vroom's decision tree approach

Destani has to approve all job assignments, and she must sign off on all raises, bonuses, or other incentives that Sabine wants to give to her team. According to the LPC theory, Sabine has _____.

weak position power

When would oral communication be the most effective form of communication?

when media richness is most important (when message is routine, impersonal, and longer = more formal written communication)

Renee loves working outdoors and enjoys her job for a yard maintenance and landscaping company. This week, her mower broke down three times, and she was not able to finish two of the yards she was supposed to cut. In this situation, her individual performance was negatively impacted by _____.

work environment