Exam 4 mastering biology

A diploid organism whose somatic (nonsex) cells each contain 32 chromosomes produces gametes containing _____ chromosomes.

16, 16 is half of 32.

Normal human gametes carry _____ chromosomes.

23, This is the number of chromosomes in a single set of human chromosomes.

If a cell contained 12 chromosomes, during Interphase, how many chromosomes would be present during Anaphase?

24

asexual reproduction

A single individual is reproducing.

During which stage of mitosis do the sister chromatids move away from each other?

Anaphase

telophase I and cytokinesis

At the end of telophase I and cytokinesis there are two haploid cells.

telophase II

At the end of telophase II and cytokinesis there are four haploid cells.

Cytokinesis in plant cells occurs through the formation of a:

Cell Plate,

cytokinesis as it occurs in animal cells

Cytokinesis in animal cells involves the formation of a cleavage furrow.

cytokinesis as it occurs in plant cells

Cytokinesis in plant cells involves the formation of a cell plate.

anaphase I

During anaphase I homologous chromosomes, consisting of sister chromatids, migrate to opposite poles.

anaphase II

During anaphase II sister chromatids separate and migrate to opposite poles.

anaphase

During anaphase centromeres come apart, and sister chromatids become full-fledged chromosomes, which migrate to opposite poles of the cell.

interphase

During interphase the centrosome duplicates and the chromosomes are not condensed.

metaphase I

During metaphase I tetrads align along the metaphase plate.

metaphase

During metaphase chromosomes align along the metaphase plate.

telophase

During telophase both nuclear envelopes and nucleoli re-form.

prophase

Events of prophase include the condensation of chromatin and the dispersal of nucleoli.

telophase II and cytokinesis

Four haploid cells are present at the end of telophase II and cytokinesis.

prophase I

Homologous chromosomes pair during prophase I..

Replicated chromosomes can be found during which of the following stages of the cell cycle?

Metaphase

metaphase II

Metaphase II is essentially the same as mitotic metaphase except that the cells are haploid.

Measurements of the amount of DNA per nucleus were taken on a large number of cells from a growing fungus. The measured DNA levels ranged from 3 to 6 picograms per nucleus. One nucleus had 4 picograms of DNA. What phase of the cell cycle was this nucleus most likely in?

S

prophase I

Synapsis, the pairing of homologous chromosomes, occurs during prophase I.

prometaphase

The events of prometaphase include the attachment of spindle fibers to kinetochores.

prophase II

The events of prophase II are essentially the same as those of mitotic prophase except that prophase II cells are haploid.

All of the following occur during mitotic prophase:

The mitotic spindle is organized. The centrioles move apart. The nuclear envelope disappears. The nucleolus disintegrates.

Homologous chromosomes migrate to opposite poles during _____.

anaphase I During anaphase I sister chromatids remain attached at their centromeres, and homologous chromosomes move to opposite poles.

During _____ sister chromatids separate.

anaphase II Anaphase II is essentially the same as mitotic anaphase except that the cell is haploid.

Centromeres divide and sister chromatids become full-fledged chromosomes during _____.

anaphase, During anaphase, sister chromatids separate and daughter chromosomes migrate to opposite poles.

Meiosis II typically produces _____ cells, each of which is _____.

four ... haploid At the end of meiosis II there are typically 4 haploid cells.

Nucleoli are present during _____.

interphase, Nucleoli are present during interphase.

During _____ the cell grows and replicates both its organelles and its chromosomes.

interphase, These are the events of interphase.

Human gametes are produced by _____.

meiosis, Meiosis produces haploid gametes from a diploid parental cell.

During _____ chromosomes align single file along the equator of a haploid cell.

metaphase II Metaphase II is essentially the same as mitotic metaphase except that the cell is haploid.

Spindle fibers attach to kinetochores during _____.

prometaphase, Attachment of spindle fibers to kinetochores is one of the events of prometaphase.

During _____ a spindle forms in a haploid cell.

prophase II Prophase II is essentially the same as mitotic prophase except that the cells are haploid.

Chromosomes become visible during _____.

prophase, During prophase, the chromatin fibers become discrete chromosomes.

At the end of _____ and cytokinesis, haploid cells contain chromosomes that each consist of two sister chromatids.

telophase I At the end of telophase I and cytokinesis, there are two haploid cells with chromosomes that consist of two sister chromatids each.

Cytokinesis often, but not always, accompanies _____.

telophase, Cytokinesis often, but not always, accompanies telophase.

During _____ both the contents of the nucleus and the cytoplasm are divided.

the mitotic phase, The mitotic phase encompasses both mitosis and cytokinesis.

Meiosis I produces _____ cells, each of which is _____.

two ... haploid, At the end of meiosis I there are two haploid cells.

During prophase a homologous pair of chromosomes consists of _____.

two chromosomes and four chromatids At this point each of the chromosomes consists of two chromatids.