abdomen prep

Which of the following structures is labeled #6?

1. Right lobe of the thyroid 2. Right carotid artery 3. Right internal jugular vein 4. Sternocleidomastoid muscle 5. Strap muscles 6. Longus colli muscle

1. Liver 2. Head of the pancreas 3. Stomach 4. Spleen 5. Descending colon 6. Right kidney 7. Left kidney 8. Aorta 9. IVC

10. Perirenal space 11. Rib 12. Psoas 13. Ascending colon 14. Duodenum 15. Anterior pararenal space 16. Posterior pararenal space 17. Supraspinatus muscle 18. Quadratus Lumborum muscle

How many layers are identified in the normal sonographic "gut signature"?

5 Serosa, Muscularis, Submucosa, Deep Mucosa, Superficial Mucosa/Lumen

1. Right sternocleidomastoid muscle 2. Right strap muscles 3. Right internal jugular vein 4. Right carotid artery 5. Isthmus 6. Left thyroid gland 7. Left carotid artery

8. Left internal jugular vein 9. Longus colli muscle 10. Esophagus 11. Trachea 12. Spine 13. Right thyroid lobe

While scanning the thyroid, you identify a 0.6cm ovoid structure outside the thyroid, lateral to the left carotid artery. The structure has a thin hypoechoic rim surrounding a hyperechoic center. Which of the following most likely describes the findings?

normal lymph node Normal lymph nodes are ovoid in shape. They do not demonstrate posterior enhancement. As lymph nodes enlarge with abnormal fluid accumulation, they appear more rounded and hypoechoic/anechoic. The "plump" cortex causes decreased visualization of the central hilum. Color Doppler can be used to locate the hilum and main vascular supply. Posterior enhancement is present in structures posterior to abnormal nodes with significant fluid accumulation.

What structure is being measured by the calipers on the male pelvis ultrasound image?

Normal sized prostate with a corpora amylacea. The normal prostate usually demonstrates a somewhat homogeneous, hypoechoic appearance. The image demonstrates a hyperechoic focus in the center of the gland (calcification). Corpora amylacea refers to benign calcification formation in the prostate gland.

The _______________________ lobe of the liver is located between the right and middle hepatic vein.

anterior right The anterior right lobe of the liver is located between the right and middle hepatic vein.

The left common carotid artery is a branch of which artery?

aortic arch The aortic arch has three branches, the innominate artery, left common carotid artery and the left subclavian artery.

The ________________________ is a connective sheath that is connected to the small intestine that provides structure and support, along with encasing/protecting blood vessels.

mesentery The lesser omentum is a fibrous sheath that is connected to the superior aspect lesser curvature of the stomach that provides structure and support, along with encasing/protecting blood vessels. The greater omentum is a fibrous sheath that is connected to the greater curvature of the stomach that provides structure and support, along with encasing/protecting blood vessels. The mesentery is a connective sheath that is connected to the small intestine that provides structure and support, along with encasing/protecting blood vessels.

The green line on the image represents what intra-abdominal structure?

peritoneal sac

Which muscle group is located anterolateral to the lobes of the thyroid gland?

sternocleidomastoid Strap muscles are anteromedial to the gland. Sternocleidomastoid muscles are anterolateral to the gland. Longus Colli muscles are posterior to the thyroid lobes.

Which muscle group is located anteromedial to the lobes of the thyroid gland?

strap muscles Strap muscles are anteromedial to the gland. Sternocleidomastoid muscles are anterolateral to the gland. Longus Colli muscles are posterior to the thyroid lobes.

A patient presents with a palpable round lump on the midline anterior neck about 2cm below the jaw. The structure appears anechoic with thin, smooth walls on ultrasound. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for the findings?

thyroglossal duct cyst Thyroglossal duct connects the thyroid to the pharynx and regresses after thyroid gland reaches its normal position in the neck. The duct can fail to regress completely leaving a cystic structure behind. The cyst usually forms high in neck, near midline. It is the most common congenital neck cyst. Sonographically, the cyst appears as an anechoic structure anterior to the pharynx and superior to thyroid gland that has all qualities of simple cyst.