psych 2035 final (test banks)
using multiple strategies to cope with stress has been related to
reduced distress
ruth has been dealing with the losss of her home in a fire, according to lazarus' research, ruth is most likely to experience
both positive and negative emotions
defence mechanisms can operate at
both the conscious and unconscious levels
exposure to stress can increase stress tolerance as long as stress is severe enough (T or F?)
false
good resume is at least several pages long (T or F?)
false
idea that people are biologically prepared by their evolutionary history to acquire some fears more easily than others help explain why people are more often afraid of having a car accident than they are afraid of heights (t or F?)
false
in order to get full benefit from relaxation response, it only needs to be practiced when you are under stress ( T or F?)
false
people who live in areas prone to earthquakes of hurricanes experience less stress because they are used to natural disasters (T or F?)
false
schizophrenia means split personality (T or F?)
false
to say someone is coping means they are making all healthy choices in face of adversity (T or F?)
false
gratifying frustrated desires by thinking about imaginary achievements and satisfactions refers to defence mechanisms called
fantasy
positive psychology requires a shift in perspective toward
helping people harness their strengths, virtues and other good qualities to enhance their lives
most significant narcotics problem is modern western society is the use of
heroin
studies of immune system in humans have found that stress
is related to decreased levels of immune activity
transvestic fetishism is considered to be a psychological disorder primarily because it
is social deviant
Arnold is in charge of a large branch of government and meg is in charge of a mom and pop small business, regarding satisfaction with their employees' academic skill levels, as typical current employers
both will be unhappy
AIDS is the final stage of the HIV infection process, which typically manifests for how long after the original infection?
3-6 years
Betty needed short term treatment for her broken arm, if she doesn't comply with her doctor;s advice she will be like
30% of patients
before 1998 psychologists were ignoring the questions of positive psychology (T or F>)
false
current research indicates that change is inherently and inevitable stressful (T or F?)
false
ellis' rational emotive behavior therapy involves emphasizing magnitude of one's problems (T or F?)
false
employment agencies are a good source of leads to high level professional jobs (T or F?)
false
mental exercises in which conscious attempt is made to focus attention in a non analytic way are referred to as
mediation
what model proposes that it is useful to think of abnormal behavior as a disease
medical
good moods, happiness, and love are examples of
positive subjective expriences
hallucinations and delusions are classified as "____" of schizophrenia
positive symptoms
pat is reliable and works to achieve particular ends, pat is said to possess
positive traits
thoughts that are faster than are associated with "_____" moods,and thoughts that are too fast are associated with "_____" moods
positive; manic
Seligman's learned helplessness model
posits that pessimistic explanatory style is related to depression
Denise lost her home and belongings in a flood, she recognized that her family and other she knows are the most important things in her life, she feels ready to stat a new life with her family this is an example of
post traumatic growth
internal conflict occurs when
two incompatible behavioural impulses compete for expression
hank continually loses his temper when aiting in lines, he has little patience for other people is driven to be highly successful, hank's personality is called
type a
purpose of a resume is to
help you obtain an interview
health risks after quitting smoking decline until they reach a normal level after about
15 years
suicide is the "___" leading cause of death in the US
11th
int he US people tend to overestimate the risk associated with heir own self destructive behaviours (T or F?)
False
which individual proposed an influential developmental model of career choice
Donald super
business environment psychology is study of behavior in workplace (T or F?)
False
individuals who score low on social readjustment rating scale are more likely to develop illnesses than those who score high (T or F?_
False
recent research has related disturbances in the neurotransmitter "____" to anxiety disorders
GABA
according to ellis what is an example of irrational thinking
I must be admired and like by everyone who meets me
a person who has low well being and low mental health is said to be
LANGUISHIGN
drug forumlated in 1912 but not widely used until 1990s is
MDMA
who developed the learned helplessness model
Martin seligman
WHOS DONE THE EXAM BANKS MOTHERTRUCKER
THIS GUY
people don't like to brag, but sharing self-stories can be inspirational (T or F?)
TRUE
positive reinterpretation uses
a common sense strategy, a positive comparison strategy, imagining yourself in a similar situation with a worse outcome
evidence indicates that meditation can lead to
a beneficial physiological state
to find flow naturally and develop your creative potential you must find
a challenging activity that matches your skill level
when coping with stress, it is most adaptive to use
a variety of coping strategies
when people reflect upon past expreiences of satisfaction or contentment, they are
able to recall a subjective state
HIV infection transmission is "_____" in male to female compared with female to male relations
about eight times more likely
what isn't good advice regarding job interviews
always ask about salary or pay range
crowding and noise have been identified as sources of
ambient stress that have been found to be correlated with elevated stress hormones
one challenge faced by members of ethnic minorities in dealing with everyday discrimination is tha manifestations of such discrimination are often
ambiguous
according to Herbert Benson, relaxation response is not aided by
an active attitude
Jenny can't quit wondering if she unplugged her iron this morning, Jenny is experiencing
an obsession
according to a model of the flow state, "_____" exists when challenge is too high
anxiety
what is known tone the principle cause of coronary heart disease
atherosclerosis
what is the gradual narrowing of the coronary arteries
atherosclerosis
in order to stop trying to control life when it is full o inevitable changes, buddishm advocates
awareness and detachment
in making projections a bout the future, normal people are more likely than depressed people to
be unrealistically optimistic
what is a strategy for generating as many alternative courses of action as possible while withholding criticism and evaluation
brainstorming
first step in systematic problem solving is
clarifying th eproblem
what isn't a potential benefit of playing the sick role
delayed professional care
richard is a clerk who works at a music store, he believes that CIA can pick up his throughs using the frequency on the store radio, Richard is exhibiting
delusions
research findings indicate that subjective cognitive appraisals may influences what sort of response to stressors
emotional responses
the evidence linking psychological factors to the onset of cancer is
extremely weak
what provides roughage that facilitates digestion
fiber
what percentage of people never experience flow
fifteen percent
what is considered a common warning sign of alcoholism
frequently drinking to deal with stress or worry
research supports a previous theory that internal conflicts generate considerable psychological stress, theorist who proposed this was
freud
it's a good idea to increase consumption of healthy carbohydrates, natural sugars and ample finer you can do this by eating more food from what food group?
fruits, vegetables and whole grains
the four major types of stress described in textbook are
frustration, internal conflict, pressure and change
mark is able to see consequences of deciding to put off studying fo this psychology exam, with regard to time management mark is
future oriented
Lila believes that worrying will help her avoid negative events, she will usually find a reason to worry about something - her schoolwork, her boss, her parents and whether the bus will come on time, Lila may be suffering from
generalized anxiety disorder
psychosomatic diseases are
genuine physical ailments caused party by psychological factors
school satisfaction is a "____" predictor of student engagement and academic progress as early as kindergarten
good
what is a positive trait typified by recognizing and concentrating on the good things in one' life and being thankful fo rthem
gratitude
besides good feelings, faster thoughts are also linked with
greater risk taking
Martin sometimes fantasies that he would like to be a policeman or a detective, though he has no idea what would be required of him to hold such a job, according to super's model of career choice, what is martin's probable stage of life?
growth
what does psych 2035 make me want to do
kill myself
what refers to unpaid activities people choose to engage in because activities are personally meaningful
leisure
a mood is
less distinct than an emotion
best way to end a self-modification program is
let it fade away, but notice if old patterns return, set an ending goal, phase it out
anorexia nervosa can eventually lead to which of the following medical problems
loss of bone density, gastrointestinal problems, a loss of menstrual cycles in women
what isn't a line of inquire in positive psychology
mental disorders
what is not a common job stressor
monotony associated with regular hours
estimates of lifetime prevalence suggests that psychological disorders are
more common Han most people realize
correlation between test related anxiety and exam performance is through to be
negative
to decrease a response you may use
negative reinforcement, punishment, control of antecedents
what is a significant cause of stress for immigrants
overt interracial conflict
the notion that stress lies in the eye of the beholder suggests that
people's appraisals of stressful events are highly subjective
the master gland of the endocrine system is the
pituitary
relationship between years of education and income is
positive
defence mechanisms are
probably not healthy to use with a few exceptions
Brenda saves money during summer because she works fewer hours during fall and her income drops then, Brenda is practicing which type of coping strategy
problem focused
job search manuals like parachute can help you find a company you want to work for by
providing exercises in self exploration
in order to foster sound nutrition, one shouldn't increase consumption in
saturated fats
what is the critical factor in super's model of career choice
self-concept
what instrument is designed to predict the career in which you might expect to find the most job satisfaction
strong interest inventory
what leisure activity is negatively related to perceived well being
television viewing
capitalization in positive psychology refers to
telling other people about whatever good things are happening in your life
what isn't an important work-related trend
temporary employment is decreasing
people who exhibit an optimistic explanatory style tend to attribute setbacks to
temporary situational factors
alternative to fight or flight response that may be present for females is the
tend and befriend response
Marin wants to study positive psychology, she has determined that her best approach would be to examine research
that relates to positive psychology questions, regardless of date of the research
the immune response is
the body's defensive reaction to invasion
comorbidity is
the coexistence of two or more disorders
sometimes anxiety helps us by motivating us to study for a test, but if we become too anxious we pass our optimal level of arousla and spend too much time worrying instead of studying, this type of correlation is described as
the inverted u-hypothesis
according to psychologists, frustration occurs when
the pursuit of some goal is thwarted
researchers have found a correlation between reduced immune activity and scores on
the social readjustment rating scale
a test of psychology's success will be identifying which activities enable people to lead a good life (T or F?)
true
according to funding hypothesis if art meets with Henry after a tough exam, discussing their shared anxiety will undo the effects of the stressor more quickly (T or F>)
true
predisposition to worry may be a stronger predictor of heart disease in women than hostility (T or F?)
true
the best description of social support is
various types of aid from one's social networks
research findings indicate that the "_____" larger in schizophrenic patients than in normal control subjects
ventricles are
one potentially negative outcome of diversity training is that
white males may feel blamed for all the discrimination that befalls minority workers
higher paying jobs go to college graduates
with college level reding, writing and math skills
an inability to set or stick to priorities is likely to cause someone to waste time (T or F?)
True
coping process range from helpful to counterproductive (T or F?)
True
everyday hassles have been found to be a predictive of mental or physical health (T or F?)
True
type b personalities tend to be patient and easy going (T or F?)
True
the fight of fight response was first described by
Walter cannon
which of the following researches designs da scale to measure pressure as a form of life stress
Wayne weiten
anhedonia is
a diminished ability to experience pleasure
Kobasa found strong stress tolerance to be related to
a feeling of being in control, a desire for challenges, a sense of commitment
evidence available today suggests that there is "______" between stress and the onset of mood disorders
a moderately strong link
a heart attack is called
a myocardial infarction
Joan is relaxing on the beach and feeling contented she is experiencign
a positive emotions
research suggests that heredity can create
a predisposition to mood disorders
Susan's psychologist tells her the probable course of her depression, in the medical model this is called
a prognosis
emerging consensus among contemporary researchers is that stress is
a special stimulus response transaction in which one feel threatened or experiences loss or harm
positive individual traits
account for why some people are happier and psychologically healthier than other people
what is a disorder in which the immune system is weakened and eventually disabled by the human immunodeficiency virus
acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)
dealing with a rude store clerk and waiting for results of an examination are two examples of
acute stressors
what is good advice regarding interview process
after interview, follow up with a thank you note and resume
according to Snyder goal directed expectations have two components of
agency and pathways
Vinnie dislikes leaving his home and has gradually become more fearful whenever he has to go somewhere, lately he has decided to have his groceries delivered and do all his work online, Vinnie may be suffering from
agoraphobia
being followed when walking home late at night or narrowly escaping a care accident are experiences that would activate the
alarm reaction
you hate mathematics and feel a knot forming in your stomach when you read in the college catalog that calculus is required for your chosen major what stage of the general adaptation syndrome are you
alarm stage
correct order of stages in general adaption syndrome is
alarm, resistance, exhuastion
mary has noticed that when she watches an exciting basketball game, she eats more snack food, she has identified
an antecedent
bart coped with flunking his midterm by telling everyone he was positive his professor's poor teaching was the reason bart got such a bad grade this is an example of
an unhealthy coping response
whiten's research on stressful effects of pressure indicates that there is a strong relationship between pressure
and a variety of psychological problems
recent studies suggest that "___" may be more important for coronary risk than other elements of the Type A personality
anger and hostility
what involves intense fear of gaining weight, disturbed body image, refusal to maintain normal weight, and dangerous measures to lose weight
anorexia nervosa
what category of psychological disorders include phobic disorders in the DSM-5
anxiety disorder
class of disorders marked by feelings of excessive apprehension and anxiety is called
anxiety disorders
one accepted definition of stress is
any circumstance that threatens well being and taxes coping abilities
finding humour in the situation is considered an
appraisal focused strategy of constructing coping
generally which kind of conflict tends to be the least stressful
approach-approach
you are a talented artist and good at mathematics, you enjoy both and don't know which to major in at collect, what type of conflict applies to your situation
approach-approach
you want to ask someone for a date, but are afraid of being rejected, with type of conflict applies to your situation
approach-avoidance
Paula's parents taught her the importance of always being to work on time and showing deference to a supervisor's wishes, most likely, Paula's parents
are a lower-status family
as a result of cultural values in western society, many young owmen
are dissatisfied with their weight and feel that they need to diet
acute stressors
are threatening events that have a relatively short duration and clear endpoint
learned helplessness results when humans are subjected to aversive events that
are unavoidable
research with social readjustment rating scale has shown that people with higher scores
are vulnerable to physical and psychological problems
Martin seligman developed positive spychology
as a counterweight to the discipline's negatively oriented history
actively seeking help is seen
as disrupting group harmony by asian American culture but not by European American culture
medical models of abnormal behavior
became dominant way of thinking during the 19th and 20th centuries
flow is the state of being in which a person
becomes fully involved and engaged in the present time by some interesting, challenging and intrinsically rewarding activity
when flow is achieved it
becomes intrinsically rewarding regardless of the initial reason for the activity
which of the following is the most accurate reflection of research findings regarding catharsis
behaving in an aggressive manner tends to fuel more anger and aggression
if you enter a 10k race without training adequately, what might most be the adaptive coping strategy
behavioural disengagement
psychologists study responses to stress at which of the following levels
behaviours, emotional and physiological
what isn't a factor that contributes to procastination
being future oriented
constructive coping involves all of the following except
being less realistic in your appraisal of your coping resources
doctors and nurses often
believe their explanations are clear
problem solving has been linked to
better psychological adjustment, lower levels of depression and fewer health complaints
researchs have found that in terms of weight, adult adoptees tend to resemble they r"____" more than their "_____"_
biological parents, adoptive parents
Ernest is deeply sad, he doesn't each much, doesn't seem to want to take care of himself and believes his life's work is useless, you think this is strange because several weeks ago, Ernest was very excited about his life, he talked and talked about his new book and even seemed to stay up an entire week writing, Ernest probably has
bipolar disorder
what isn't a criterion for abnormal behavior
bizzarre behavior
according to one model of flow, when an activity is monotonous and repetitive the person is most likely to feel
boredom
lazarus criticized positive psychology as
both an oversimplification nd creating theoretical practical problems in psychological research
school satisfaction is composed of
both cognition and affect
when studying positive psychology we shoul dlook
both older and newer research
herbert benson's relaxation response requires
breathing in through your nose and out with a word through your mouth
what involves habitually engaging in out of control overeating followed by unhealthy compensatory efforts such as self induced vomiting and excessive exercise
bulimia nervosa
marty used to enjoy her job, but she has been performing poorly, feeling exhausted and cynical, mart may have
burnout
physical and emotional exhaustion and a lowered sense of self-efficacy due to work related stress is called
burnout
what is a psychological state characterized by exhaustion, cynicism and poor job performance
burnout
Phyllis believes her work with the guild is meeting the needs of th workers in her community and serves a social purpose she most likely sees her job as a
caling
beneficial relaxation often seen in meditation
can also be seen with other relaxation training procedures
what refers to malignant cell growth, which may occur in many organ systems in the body
cancer
research shows that smoking increases likelihood of develping
cancers of pancreas, larynx and bladder, cardiovascular diseases, pulmonary diseases
albert ellis believes that problematic emotional reactions to stress are caused by
catastrophic thinking
ellis believes that problematic emotional reactions to stress are caused by
catastrophic thinking
what hormones help mobilize the body for action
catecholamines
what term did freud coin to refer to release of emotional tension
catharsis
use of sedatives may result in accidental injury because they
cause motor coordination to deteoriate
social readjustment rating scale was designed to measure
change-related stress
constructive coping is aimed at
changing one's interpretation of stressful events, has stressful situation itself, managing emotional disterss
recent research on the effect of pressure on task performance in normal subjects suggests that
choking under pressure is fairly common
the term ambient stress refers to
chronic environmental conditions that place adaptive demands on people
threatening events that have a relatively long duration and no apparent time limit are referred to as
chronic stressors
marge was not being asked for a follow up interview to her job applications, she asked her friend homer to help her solve the problem, homer asked her if she was sure what the problem was, homer was helping margec
clarify the problem
phobic responses tend to be acquired through "_____" and maintained through "______"
classical condition; operant conditioning
what drug isn't considered a narcotic
cocaine
what isn't a type of constructive coping as describe in textbook
cognition focused
a young woman who says to herself I must be thing to be accepted is demonstrating which of the following factors in the etiology of eating disorders
cognitive
whether someone develops learned helplessness under conditions of unavoidable aversive events most likely depends on
cognitive interpretation
recent studies suggest that physical fitness is associated with a decreased risk for
colon cancer in men, reproductive cancer in women and breast cancer in women
optimal level of arousals is related to
complexity of the task
a person who checks his alarm clock 20 times before going to sleep is being
compulsive
research indicates that the most effective response to sexual harassment is
confrontation/negotiation
constructive coping involves
confronting problems directly, realistically appraising stress, learning to manage some emotional reactions to stress
what refers broadly to the use of relatively healthful strategies for managing stressful events
constructive coping
Denise has decided to decrease her target behavior of unhealthy eating by avoiding the fast food and cookie aisles of the grocery store, she using the method of
control of antecedents
efforts to master reduce or tolerate demands caused by stress in one's life are collectively known as
coping
what involves active efforts to master, reduce, or tolerate the demands of stress
coping
type a behavior pattern of anger and hostility is most closely linked to
coronary heart disease
wha that been a major source of stress in many urban areas like Northern India
crowding
research findings on minor hassles suggest that the effects of stress are
cumulative or additive
what is not a characteristic of a burnout
cynicism
super's decline stage involves
deceleration, decreasing vocational activity, planning for retirement
harry wants to lose 50 pounds, most experts would recommend that he should
decrease his food intake and increase his exercise, both in moderate ways
which of the following was not cited in your text as a disruptive effect of severe stress on cognitive functioning?
decrease in cortisol production
signs of burnout in the workplace include
decreased production, increased health problems, and increased absenteeism
from 1998 to 2005 the percentage of moms with infants who were in the workforced
decreased slighthly
Joe has been arrest more than once for driving drunk, when you ask him about how he is managing his drinking problem he says I don't have a drinking problem I have a getting caught problem, what type of defence mechanism is he using
denial
defence mechanism that involves suppressing unpleasant emotions or circumstances and reusing to acknowledge that they exist is referred to as
denial
high caffeine consumption is likely to elevate one's risk for
depression, prostate cancer and hyptertension
research reveals that stress often contributes to onset of which of the following
depression, schizophrenia and eating disorders
in "____" disorders people show persistent feelings of sadness and despair and a loss of interest in previous sources of pleasure
depressive
when things are going poorly in one are of life, one may compensate by pursuing substitute forms of satisfaction, this coping strategy is referred to as
developing alternative rewards
Kenny believes that his dog often tells him how to prepare his food, the dog's orders are not a problem for Kenny to carry out and Kenny doens't seem to mind the extra trouble, under which criteria could Kenny's behaviours Be considered a disorder
deviance
process of distinguishing one illness from another is called
diagnosis
individuals who are unemployed because their jobs have disappears are called what type of workers
displaced workers
diversion of anger toward a substitute target was noted by Sigmund freud, who called it
displacement
if you yell at your little sister after having a fight with your girlfriend, you may be diverting your anger through the use of
displacement
kim is a successful lawyer who suddenly forgot who she is and most of the important details of her life after she survived a terrible car accident that killed three of her colleagues, Kim may be suffering from
dissociated amnesia
people who lose contact with portions of their consciousness or memory and experience disruptions in their sense of identity would most likely be considered as having what type of disorder
dissociative disorders
defence mechanisms work primarily through
distorting reality so it doesn't seem so unpleasant and threatening
epidemiology is the study of
distribution of mental or physical disorders in a population
patients are more likely to follow prescribed treatments when their physicians
do follow ups
experimental research indicates that aggressive behaviour
does not reliably lead to catharsis
what is the best advice for preparing an effective resume
don't give extraneous personal information
depression "_____" one's chance of developing heart disease
doubles
narcotics are
drugs derived from opium that are cable of relieving pain
time management experts agree that key to better time management is increased
effectiveness
problem with MDMA is
effects immune system, contains toxic by products, has long term negative cognitive effects
according to Pronin and Jacobs people feel "_____" when thoughts are quick and varied and "_____" when thoughts are plodding and repetitive
elated; dejected
what are largely uncontrollable and accompanied by physiological changes
emotions
what are powerful largely uncontrollable feelings, accompanied by physiological changes
emotions
quality of mindful mediation called "____" is being both feeling and understanding the situation of another person in the present time
empathy
Ahmed maintains a diet high in serum cholesterol, eating an abundance of eggs, cheese, butter and shellfish, Ahmed may well be increasing his risk of
emphysema
in stressful circumstances optimists are more likely than pessimists to
engage in action-oriented, problem focused coping
according to Holland's model people who like to use their social skills to persuade others, and who perceive themselves as self-confident, sociable and popular, would most likely be considered as having the
enterprising personal orientation
experiences of depression or bipolar disorder come and go, because these disorders are often
episodic
don's day seems to be a continuous juggling act between requirements for long hours at work and the needs of his children who are now in two different schools with different schedules, as a single parent he is
especially like to experience work family conflicts
according to super's developmental model of career choice, which of the following stages involves making a commitment to a specific job and demonstrating the ability to function effectively in this job
establishment
dr Richards explained to his client that obsessive compulsive disorder appears to be heavily influence by biological causes. Dr. Richards is explaining the "_____" of the obsessive compulsive disorder
etiology
what is the apparent causation and developmental history of an illness
etiology
one of heroin's main effects is that it creates "____" in the user
euphoria
secondary appraisal involves
evaluating your coping resources and options for dealing with stress
if you wanted to develop a new occupational interest inventory, what would be the best way to begin
examine interests of people who enjoy their work in various occupations
after barely squeezing through anatomy 101 with a passing grade, you sleep 16 hours a day for the first ten days of summer break and refuse to see any of your friends, what stage of general adaptation syndrome are you in
exhuastion
according to super's developmental model of career choice, the second stage in vocational development is
exploration
because of pressure from his parents and friends, Larry is thinking more about his future career and he has several possibilities in mind that he thinks are realistic, according to super's development model of career choice, which of the following stages is Larry probably in?
exploration
Margaret works for a company that has clear rules and administers rewards and punishments consistently regardless of the employee or status, the virtue being supported in her workplace is
fairness
DSM-5 no longer lists subtypes of schizophrenia (T or F)
false
a positive institution seeks to benefit the community at the expense of its workers (T or F?)
false
abstinence syndrome occurs after a person withdraws from psychologically dependent drugs (T or F?)
false
according to holland's model a happy scientist is probably a conventional type (T or F?)
false
atherosclerosis is sometimes called a heart attack (T or F?)
false
obesity is determined by weighing 15 pounds over what is normal for the person's height (T or F?)
false
one strategy for using time more effectively is to tackle larger more difficult tasks as one component ( T or F?)
false
order adults are troubled more by personal stressors than younger people (T or F?)
false
phobic disorder is a persistent fear when there is realistic danger (T or F?)
false
psychosomatic diseases are unique to heart and lung problems (T or F?)
false
research has shown that stress causes illness (T or F?)
false
research suggests that internet addiction is primarily limited to shy, male computer whizzes (T or F?)
false
research on gender and fight or flight response indicates taht
fighting and fleeing may be less adaptive for females because both responses may endanger offspring
some behavior modification programs have common flaws, Rory found that she had too long of a delay between behavior and reinforcement, she should
fine-tune her program
what type of risk isn't associated with narcotics use
flashbacks
positive subjective experiences tend to bw
focused in the present
what is not true regarding the definition of abnormal behavior
for most part, people with psychological disorders behave in bizarre ways that are very different from behavior of normal people
which of the following is an anxiety disorder marked by a chronic, high level of anxiety that is not tied to any specific threat
generalized anxiety disorder
systematic problem solving involves
generative courses of action
autism spectrum disorder causes seem to be related to
genetic factors
sarah hears voices that hell her to shoot Laura, she is experiencing
hallucinations
who is credited with formulating theory of stress reactions called the general adaption syndrome
hans selye
the most common positive subjective state is
happiness
behavior pattern marked by commitment, challenge and control that appears to be related to stress resistance is called
hardiness
the dsm-5
has a categorical approach
what happened to psychosomatic disease because of research on stress
has fallen into disuse
eating disorder behaviors
have always existed but are now more common in affluent western societies
mark has been diagnosed as schizophrenic, it is most likely that
he has a family that is critical and hostile, in high stress and has genetic vulnerability
phil has found that he can do work better than others in the committee as a result phil may also find
he needs to delegate responsibility or he may find himself wasting time
Eric has been feeling depressed and has a lot of tension and anxiety while he looks fo ra new job, he thinks regular exercise will be of benefit, given the research what would you tell him
he's right, research supports his assumptions
students writing three essays about difficulties adjusting to college were "____" than students who wrote about other topics with less emotional connection
healthier
leading cause of death in North America is
heart disease
edcessive drinking is correlated with
heart disease, cirrhosis of the liver and stomach cancer
main function of vitamins and minerals is to
help release energy from other foods
Marietta works as a cook, she is likely to have a "_____" amount of stress, since her job is low in decision control and high in psychological demand
high
people who are eager to seek medical care are most likely to be
high in neuroticism
according to Robert Karasek, occupational stress is most likely to occur under which of the following conditions
high psychological demands and low decision control
women and minorities are frequently passed over for promotion in favour of white men, this practice seems to be particularly problematic in what kind of job?
higher levels of management
treatment to what has recently been found to hold promise for substantially longer survival for AIDS victims
highly active antiretroviral therapy
correlational studies between mood siroders and structural abnormalities in brain have found that
hippocampus tends to be 8-10% smaller in depressed people than in normal people
jasmine recently took a test measuring the most researched and most supported vocational psychology model. jasmine was measured on the
holland model
what is a postive individual trait that refers to people's expectations that their goals can be achieved int he future
hope
maria is uncomfortable in her job as a policewoman because her coworkers tell crude sexual jokes and hang centrefold pinups in the break room at the station, she is experiencing
hostile environmental harassment
there is substantial evidence that "_____" is related to increased risk for heat attacks and other ailments
hostility
whether or not an event is stressful is most likely to depend on
how one appraises and adapts to the event
hans syle's works as important because it showed
how prolonged physiological arousal that I meant to be adaptive could lead to diseases
which of the following theoretical orientations is the most similar to positive psychology
humanism
according to research which of the following can effectively moderate negative impact of stress?
humor
which of the following hasn't been proposed as an explanation for how humour helps reduce the effects of stress and promotes wellness
humour facilitates the release of stress relieving neurotransmitters
george has decided to seek medical treatment for a severe rash that has remained for three days, his decision invovled
identifying symptoms as an indication of illness, deciding it warrants medical attention and arranging the care appointment and time
research suggests that efforts to actively suppress emotions result in
increased autonomic arousal
according to research Janet has found studying for finals and her graduate exams so stressful that the only behavior not likely to occur is
increased concentration
beverly is being sexually harassed, what is not likely to be one of her reactions
increased dedication to work
living alone following a cardiac event "____" a person's risk for a subsequent heart attack
increases
what does not have a beneficial effect that may result from stress
increases optimism
results of an occupational interest inventory are designed to
indicate how similar your interests are to typical interest of people in various jobs
what are psychologists who study human behavior in the workplace called
industrial/organizational psychologist
children with autism spectrum disorder often repeat exactly what someone else has said, this is called
infantile autism
research suggests that a "_____" temperament in infants is a risk factor for the development of anxiety disorders later in life
inhibited
which of the following appears to be a key factor in prediction who is most likely to develop PTSD following a traumatic event
intensity of person's reaction at the time of the traumatic event
Beth often came home from school eager to escape online, in fact she found it difficult to do anything else in evenings other than spend time on the internet, Beth may be experiencing
internet addiction, form of self indulgence, a disruption in time that can ultimately increase her stress levels
according to hollands model of career choice, a clinical psychologist would be considered an
investigative type
the fight or flight response is a reaction that begins in response to a three this is a
involuntary reactions
Those Szasz has criticized the medical model because he believes that abnormal behaviour
involves deviation from social norms rather than illness
a prognosis
is a forecast about the probable course of an illness
the right coping strategy
is adaptive if it related to enhanced well being
a best part of gratitude is that it
is easy to express, is a virtue and can be performed anytime anywhere
Betty has been depressed, she has been describing how she feels to her friends who she recommended she seek out a therapist, what can be concluded about betty's behavior
it can be considered abnormal, because she obviously feels great personal distress
style's general adaptation model has been criticized because
it ignores individual differences in the appraisal of stress
positive psychologists are interest in spirituality because
it offers insights concerning human pursuit of happiness and pleasure
what isn't true in regards to giving up as a response to stress
it urges people to be more competitive
Fredrickson and Branigan's study found that people who watch d film clip eliciting a feeling of "_____" wrote more items on an activity list afterward than those who views a neutral eliciting film
joy
research findings indicate that on a cognitive tasks tress may increase one's tendency to
jump to conclusions too quickly
according to research by Wrzesniewski people view their chosen occupations in the following ways
just a job, a career, a calling
according to ells what is not a way to reduce catastrophic thinking
keeping your concerns to yourself
leaving the labor even for increasingly brief periods of time is called
labor force disontinuity
what are noticeable alteration in one's life circumstances
life changes
the aspect of postraumatic growth that involves greater willingness to take life easier is called
life priority change
what is an example of positive reinterpretation
looking for good in the bad
which of the following is a common kind of frustration leading to stress
losses
billy is a mail worker where there is constant pressure to increase his speed and productivity, psychologists would say billy's job contains
low decision control
people who worry mainly about treating their achieved status rather than improving it are probability in which of super's developmental stages?
maintenance
an exercise activity that you find enjoyable
makes it easier to follow through and exercise rgeulary
pressure to perform may disrupt attention to task performance by
making one feel self-conscious
bill has been stopping off at a bar every day on his way home from work, lately he has made up excuses to his wife as to why he is Late, his behavior best satisfies which of the following criteria of abnormality
maladaptive behavior
most likely explanation for people's tendency to act in self destructive ways is that
many health impairing habits involve activities that are quite pleasant at the time
what isn't considered a common barrier to effective provider patient communication
many patients challenge the doctors authority
what is not a characteristic of typical female victim of sexual harassment in the workplace
married
noncompliance with instructions received from physicians
may be due to patients' failure to understand the instructions
unrealistic optimism
may lead to risky behaviors
george realized that while his car was totalled, everyone involved in the accident was alive, this helped him deal with stress of his accident through
meaning focused coping
according to ironic and jobs, thought speed is one property of a more general concept called
mental motion
unemployment causes most psychological distress for
middle aged adults
what refers to a cultivated perspective in which people are sensitive to context and focus don the present
mindfulness
josh goes to his activities everyday on autopilot, he does everything without thinking and accomplishes a lot, his state of mind is termed
mindlessness
family dynamics contribute to development of eating disorders by
modelling their own unhealthy dieting behaviors
to affect mortality rates, people need to exercise
moderate activity for half an hour, five days a week
strength of relationship between stress and health is
modest
to gather baseline data for self-,modification, you should all but
monitor events immediately after target response
first step in attempting to use your time more effectively is to
monitor your use of time
Isen and colleagues found that people who saw a funny film before solving a problem creatively were "_____" than those seeing a neutral film
more likely to solve the problem correctly
what isn't a workplace trend
more permanent jobs
in humans, the fight or flight response is less adaptive than it was in ancestral humans because
most modern human stresses can't be managed with these strategies
in our society alcohol is associated with
murder, child abuse and intimate partner abuse
the name of the condition when the heart is temporarily deprived of adequate blood flow is
myocardial ischemia
carol heard a sound in the dark bushes behind her psychology building as she went to her car one eying, she began to feel fear, she was experiencing a
negative emotion
lab studies have demonstrated that attaching an affirmative action label to an employee results in
negative feelings directed toward the employee
what are chemicals that carry signals from one neutron to another
neurotransmitters
during an interview when asked about a past job
never blame or criticize previous employers
coping efforts are
not necessarily adaptive or maladaptive
people in a state of mindfulness are most likely to be engaged in
noticing novel features of a situation
between 1975 and 1999
number of working women with children under the age of three increased over 20%
what is a collection of processes through which an organism utilizes the material required for survival and growth
nutrition
an unwanted thought that repeatedly intrudes upon an individual's consciousness is called an
obsession
the famous industrialist Howard Hughes devised extraordinary rituals to minimize the possibility of being contaminated by germs, for example he would sometimes spend hours methodically learning a telephone, Hughe's behaviour exemplifies which of the following disorders
obsessive compulsives diroder
good sources of info about job characteristics include
occupational outlook handbook, current members of an occupation, literature from professional organizations
general tendency to expect good outcomes is called
optimism
according to Albert ellis our emotional reactions to life events result mainly from
our appraisals of the events
there is evidence that stress is related to
overeating, consumption of alcohol, increased smoking
according to super's developmental model of career choice, decisions a bout work and career reflect
people's attempts to express their self-concept and changing views of themselves
mayer salovey Caruso emotional intelligence test authors are striving to make this test a
performance based measure of ability to deal effectively with emotions
what is the best predictor of the likelihood of making a good job choice
personal compatibility
Jerry is terrified of snakes and refuses to read nature books to his son if there are pictures of snakes, he is probably suffering from
phobic disorder
anxiety disorder Brought on by specific stimuli is
phobic disorder
when a person must continue to take a drug in order to avoid withdrawal illness, the person has developed
physical dependence
what consists of pleasant responses to events that promote connections with others including subjective states such as euphoria
positive emotiosn
framework of positive psychology is useful for recognizing how we think about
positive events, thoguths and feelings
people's attitudes towards hope, resilience and spirituality are examples of
positive individual traits
what are organizations that culture civic virtues, encouraging people to behave like good citizens while promoting the collective good
positive instiutions
liana argued that much of psychology focuses on negative aspects, she is looking for an approach that accepts the reality of negative states, but includes experiences such as awe. Lianne should investigate "____"
positive psychology
school of modern psychology that was developed to offset the perceived emphasis in psychology on pathology and suffering is called
positive psychology
what is a social and intellectual movement within the discipling of psychology that focuses on human strengths and how people can flourish and be successfull
positive psychology
best way to increase response strength in self modification is through
positive reinforcement, finding a reward effective for that person, choosing a readily available reinforcer
when taylor returned from a difficult deployment in army, he reevaluated his priorities and decided to go back to school, he is most likely experiencing
post-traumatic growth
people are more likely to develop phobic responses to snakes and spiders than to hot irons or electrical outlets, this finding is most consistent with
preparedness
the feat of snakes and spiders is very common in people. Seligman would probably explain this with the idea of
preparedness
whenever others expect you to conform to their expectations or perform in certain ways, you tend to experience
pressure
in epidemiology "____" refers to percentage of a population that exhibits a disorder during a specifided Time period
prevalence
there appears to be a glass ceiling that
prevents most women and ethnic minorities from advancing beyond middle management
Ramon recent lost his job, he's been searching online for job openings and has an appointment with a placement agency, which constructing coping tactic is Ramon using
problem focused
efforts to remedy or conquer the stress producing problem itself are called
problem focused coping
what is the tendency to delay tacking tasks until the last minute
procastination
jobs of the next decade are likely to be in what areas?
professional and service
what is a forecast about probably course of an illness
prognosis
tolerance involves
progressive decrease in responsiveness to a drug with continued use
according to Robert karaoke, two factors that play a key role in determining occupational stress are
psychological demands and decision control
what is a risk associated with use of cannabis
psychological dependence
when a person must continue to take a drug in order to satisfy an intense emotional and mental craving the person has developed
psychological dependence
post traumatic stress disorder involves
psychological disturbance due to experience of a major traumatic event
according to Peterson the virtuous qualities hat can be found in positive institutions include
purpose, humanity and dignity
grace was told that if she wanted a promotion, she had to let the boss fondle her breasts, what type of harassment is being perpetrated
quid pro quo
according to ellis, the goal of therapy is to replace catastrophic thinking with more low key
rational analysis
what type of therapy did ellis develop, a system of psychotherapy based on altering clients' appraisals of events in order to reduce maladaptive emotions and behaviors
rational emotional behavior
Leah likes physical tasks that require lots of coordination but not lots of social skills, according to Holland's model of career choice, Leah would be considered a
realistic type
current classification system for psychological disorders (DSM-5)
recognizes importance of info other than a traditional diagnostic label
enhancing your own well being and happiness is
relatively simple
primary appraisal is an initial evaluation of whether an event is
relevant and stressful
what is positive trait that is a person's ability to recover and often prosper following some consequential life event
resilience
you realize that no matter how much you hate writing, you won't be able to drop out of English this semester if you want to go to grad school, you hunker down for a miserable semester, what stage are ou in?
resistance stage
David is in super's maintenance stage of vocational development, his primary concern is likely to be
retaining the job status he has achieved
what is true regarding the nature of stress
routine hassles may have significant negative effects on mental and physical health
depressed people who "____" tend to remain depressed longer than those who don't
ruminate about their depression
bobby tends to suppress or hold back his feelings he is more likely to "____" about events
ruminate, be depressed, have heightened feelings
joseph cep thtinkinga bout the argument he had the day before, he found himself feeling more and more worries that he had spoken too harshly, replaying the convo over and over in his mind thinking bout what else he might have said he is engaged in something called
rumination
Alex works for an instiutitont hat protect members from dangers and exploitation, according to person his company practices the virtue of
safety
in postive psychology the term "_____" refers o power to focus on, value and even boost the enjoyment of almost any experience
savoring
which of the following groups of psychological disorders is characterized by irrational thinking, poor reality contact, disturbed emotions, and hallucinations
schizophrenic disorders
drugs that induce sleep and decrease central nervous system activation are usually classified as
sedatives
what ins't an essential component of emotional intelligence
separating emotion from though
the US like other industrialized nations is shifting towards a
service-based economy
general adaption syndrome is a
set of bodily responses to stress
weight tends to remain stable as long as there are no long-term factors that influence it this theory is called
settling point
some clinicians maintains that most cases of dissociated identity disorder are rooted in
severe emotional trauma that occurred during childhood
abraham Lincoln, ted turner and kurt Cobain all suffered from
severe mood disorder
what occurs when a worker is subjected to unwanted sexually oriented behavior
sexual harrassment
who originally developed the concept of defence mechanisms
sigmund freud
Beth's doctor says she is at high risk for coronary disease, this is most likely related to her
smoking, diabetes and high blood pressure
according to holland's trait measurement and matching model of career development, which of the following personal orientations would be most compatible with a job as a nurse
social
what is an increasingly important specific aptitude
social skills
a hospital would be an example of an environment that is preferred by
social types
research suggests that positive emotional reactions to stress may have the adaptive quality of enhancing
social, intellectual and physical resources
which of the following is not a amor source of stress described in your textbook
socialization
what type of individual would most like be considered to have an artistic personal orientation according to Holland'd model
someone who write's children books
people who havve the positive individual trait of "____" possess a believe that life has transcendent or nonphysical qualities that are worth seeking and exploring
spirituatlity
mounting evidence from research indicates that stress may be wha apart of the functioning of the immune system
suppress the functioning of the immune system
the fight or flight response occurs in the
sympathetic division of the automatic nervous system
phil has been talking to bill about contemplating suicide, bill can help phil most by
taking Phil's talk seriously
an important quality of positive traits like agreeableness and reliability is assumption that they can be
taught
what isn't true about defence mechanisms
their use is considered an indication of psychological maladjustment
people are most likely to follow instructions they receive from healthcare professionals when
there is positive attitude towards physician forming a working alliance
critics of occupational interest inventories have claimed that
they have helped channel women into gender typed careers
Beth is feeling contented with her life, she is more likely to "____" than her friend Deanna who is just going to work and home without much emotional reaction
think of future possible activities
compulsion is to action as obsession is to
thought
positive emotions boraden people's cognitive responses by promoting new and beneficial "_____" in which established ways of positive thinking are associated with particular acts or bheaviors
thought action tendencies
positive emotions can broaden people's cognitive responses by promoting beneficial
thought action tendencies
according to your text positive psychology pursues
three lines of inquiry
answer to wether positive psychology is more of a fad than a genuinely new area of empirical inquiry
time to see if it has staying power and ongoing influence in the wider discipline of psychology
for which of the following reasons is someone most likely to play the sick role
to escape demands of others
robert has decided to reinforce his increased study time target by adding a star to a chart every time he studies one hour, he has decided that every 20 stars, he can do an activity with his friends for four hours his idea is a form of
token economy
when there is only one woman or minority person in an office that person becomes a symbol of all the members of that groups, this scenario illustrates what type of concept
tokenism
when people need to consume larger and larger doses of a drug to obtain the desired effect, they have developed
tolerance
what kind of approach is John holland's model of career of choice considered to be
trait approach
what is a psychological disorder in which a man achieves sexual arousal by dressing in women's clothing
transvestic fetishism
college graduates with college level readingg writing and quantitative skills get higher paying jobs than other college grads (T or F?)_
true
comparing your own problems with others can help put your problem sin perspective (T or F?)
true
constructive coping involves confronting problems directly (T or F?)
true
depression is associated with heart disease (T or F?)
true
epidemiology is study of distribution of disorders in a population (T or F?)
true
founders of positive psychology describe it as a change in focus of psychology from preoccupation with only repairing the worst things in life to also building positive qualities (T or F?)
true
marijuana use during adolescence may precipitate schizophrenia in people who have a genetic predisposition (T or F?0
true
occupational interest inventories helped channel women into gender typed careers through gender bias (T or F)
true
one criticism of the medical model is that it converts moral and social questions into medical ones ( T or F?)
true
prior to 18th century most conceptions of abnormal behaviour were based on superstition (T or F?)
true
repetitive hand washing is an example of a common compulsive behavior (T or F?)
true
research has shown that forgiveness is positively related to measures of well being and negatively related to measures of anxiety and depression (T or F?)
true
research supports a link between anxiety disorders and stress (T or F?)
true
self control underlies many stressors in everyday life (T or F?)
true
sharing good things that happens o you with another person can generate beneficial positive emotions (T or F?)
true
study of baseball players smiles indicated that positive emotions are related to increased longevity (T or F?)
true
subjective experiences tend to be future focused (T or F?)
true
super's developmental model of career choice asserts that self concept is critical factor in process (T or F?)
true
the types of traumas that can cause PTSD are more common than most people realize (T or F?)
true
when confronted by stress people often become highly critical (T or F?)
true
work is an activity that produces something of value for others (T or F?)
true
Western Europeans have more vacation time than Americans (T or F?)
true)
what isn't a main component of ellis's model of catastrophic thinking
unconditioned response
what isn't a category of negative self talk described by beck
unfairly blaming on'e parents for personal trouble
bob is working on behavior self-modification because he would like to be less irritable at work, because he focused on a personality trait, his attempts are
unlikely to succeed
defence mechanisms are unconscious reactions that protect a person from
unpleasant emotions
jane believes that she is unlikely to get lung cancer because he decided to only smoke until she finishes college and she has heard that only smoking for a few years eliminates risk of lung cancer, her attitude is an example of
unrealistic optimism
Margaret has a strong faith in a higher force and attends a place of worship regularly, she is likely to
use her beliefs in adaptive coping
what is not a practical suggestion for coping with job loss
use time to take a break and reflect
approach avoidance conflicts often produce
vacillation
when psychologists label a coping response as constructive or healthy, they are basing this on
value judgements
Terry has been practising free throw shots in the backyard, Terry has the chance to shoot a half court basket for. a 10,000 prize at a professional basketball game research indicates that Terry is
very likely to choke under pressure
betty jumped when she heard a loud crashing sound behind her, this is because her sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system
was mobilizing her bodily resources for emergencies
current research indicates that
we have little reason to believe that change is inevitably stressful
according to Holland's theory of vocational choice
we seek a work environment that fits our personality
the genetic predisposition to anxiety disorders can be characterized as
weak to moderate
holmes and race concluded that change is stressful
whether it is undesirable or desirable
Helena often used humour to point out faults in others and shortcomings, it is most likely that her use of humor
will increase her depression
abstinence syndrom is another term for
withdrawal illness
physical distress caused by the termination of drug use is called
withdrawal illness
women's vocational development is different from men's primarily because
women often subordinate their career goals to those of their husbands
the feeling of being pulledd in multiple directions by competing demands from job and family is called
work family conflict
what is the term for devotion of nearly all of one's time and energy to a job
workaholism
good way to increase your chances of being invited to a job interview is to
write a cover letter that shows you have researched the organization
peterson's duielines for keeping a list of good things include
write down reasons that your choices for the list are good things for you and your life
what is a key predictor of occupational status?
years of education
what isn't an indicator that time pressure is a major stress
you feel time is under your control
what sin't good advice for devising and exercising program
you should try to exercise through any minor injuries
positive psychology has been said to be a change in the "______" for the discipline of psychology
zeitgeist
in what year was the most recent version of the diagnostic and statistical manual o mental disorders (DSM-5) published
2013
in order to lose one pound you need to burn up "____"_ more calories than yo uconsume
3500
when long-term treatments are needed for chronic illness, noncompliance with medical advice occurs
50% of the time