Exam 5

What is another name for parafollicular cells?

"C" cells

What hormone does the parathyroid produce?

PTH (parathyroid hormone)

What anatomical structures provide protection to the kidney?

Retroperitoneal anchoring, renal fat pads, and ribs provide protection to the kidney.

Which part of the pancreas abuts the duodenum?

head

The hormone released from the parathyroid glands acts to

increase osteoclast activity

Which hormone has the greatest effect on metabolism?

thyroxine

What color are the parathyroid glands?

yellow brown

Sex hormones are secreted by ________________.

zona reticularis and the gonads

How many parathyroid glands do most people have?

4

What hormone from the adenohypophysis stimulates the release of cortisol from the adrenal?

ACTH

Like epinephrine and norepinephrine, which hormone helps to resist stress?

glucocorticoids

70% of the cells within the islets of Langerhans produce this hormone.

insulin

What is the name of the pale area in the center of the pancreas

islet of Langerhans

The right kidney is slightly lower because ________.

it is displaced by the liver

The primary structure found within the medulla is the ________.

loop of Henle

What part of the pituitary gland is seen on the right hand side of this slide? (posterior)

neurohypophysis

The hormone _____ causes the contractions of labor.

oxytocin

What two hormones are released from the neurohypophysis?

oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone

The two hormones released from the neurohypophysis are actually manufactured in the ____________.

paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei of the hypothalamus

Alpha cells are primarily found in the ____________ of the islet, while beta cells are usually found in the ____________ of the islet.

periphery/center

What are the two types of cells found in the parathyroid?

principle cells and oxyphil

What does the PTH (parathyroid hormone) hormone do?

raise calcium levels in the blood

The renal pyramids are separated from each other by extensions of the renal cortex called ________.

renal columns

What exerts control over the pituitary gland?

the hypothalamus

On what gland are the parathyroid glands found?

thyroid

Which of the following is a hormone released from the thyroid gland?

triiodothyronine, thyroxine, tetraiodothyronine, calcitonin

Which zona represents the region of the adrenal gland that releases cortisol?

zona fasciculata

Where are the parathyroid glands found?

Posterior surface of lateral lobes of thyroid

Aside from adjusting calcium levels, what other ions does the parathyroid control?

HP042- and Mg2+

One condition relating to the thyroid is goiter. This is due to a lack of iodine in the diet. Which of the below is affected by a lack of iodine in the diet?

T3 and T4, follicle cells, colloid, TSH in the pituitary

What does thyroglobulin colloid contain?

T3/T4 precursor

99% of the pancreas is made up of what exocrine clusters?

acini

The hypophyseal portal veins drain into the ____________.

adenohypophysis

What endocrine gland releases a hormone that acts to stimulate the follicular cells to manufacture and release their two hormones, T-3 and T-4?

adenohypophysis

Which one of these anterior pituitary hormones shows increased secretion in response to stress?

adrenocorticotropic hormone

The hormone _______________, which is secreted by the adrenal _______________, causes the kidney to conserve sodium and excrete potassium ions and indirectly helps to maintain systemic blood pressure.

aldosterone; cortex

Which cells produce glucagon and what is its function?

alpha cells/raise blood glucose

What type(s) of cells do the pancreatic islets contain?

alpha, beta, delta and F cells

Drinking alcoholic beverages on hot days is not safe because alcohol inhibits the release of ____________ which normally helps to conserve water during dehydration.

antidiuretic hormone

Which of the following hormones is NOT released by the adenohypophysis?

antidiuretic hormone

Where are the adrenal glands located?

atop the kidneys

Where is the thyroid located in the body?

below the larynx and partially wrapped around trachea

Which cells produce insulin and what is its function?

beta cells/lower blood glucose

Which of these organs is affected by Cushing's disease, and what condition would this cause?

bottom pair; cortisol overproduction

Which hormone is the antagonist to parathyroid hormone?

calcitonin

What hormone acts to lower blood calcium levels, and from what cells is it released?

calcitonin/parafollicular cells

What is the name of the hormone producing cells in the adrenal medulla?

chromaffin cells

Is the pancreatic islet endocrine or exocrine?

endocrine

Which hormone constitutes 80% of the total secretions of the adrenal medulla?

epinephrine

The zona __________ releases ___________ that are involved with the metabolism of ____________, whereas the zona glomerulosa releases _________ that are involved with the metabolism of _____________.

fasciculata/glucocorticoids/glucose/mineralocorticoids/sodium and potassium

What types of hormones are produced in the pancreatic islets?

glucagon, insulin, somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide

How does the renal portal system differ from the hypothalamo-hypophyseal and digestive portal systems?

The renal portal system has an artery between the first and second capillary bed. The others have a vein.

Name the structures found in the renal hilum.

The structures found in the renal hilum are arteries, veins, ureters, lymphatics, and nerves.