Exam 5
What is another name for parafollicular cells?
"C" cells
What hormone does the parathyroid produce?
PTH (parathyroid hormone)
What anatomical structures provide protection to the kidney?
Retroperitoneal anchoring, renal fat pads, and ribs provide protection to the kidney.
Which part of the pancreas abuts the duodenum?
head
The hormone released from the parathyroid glands acts to
increase osteoclast activity
Which hormone has the greatest effect on metabolism?
thyroxine
What color are the parathyroid glands?
yellow brown
Sex hormones are secreted by ________________.
zona reticularis and the gonads
How many parathyroid glands do most people have?
4
What hormone from the adenohypophysis stimulates the release of cortisol from the adrenal?
ACTH
Like epinephrine and norepinephrine, which hormone helps to resist stress?
glucocorticoids
70% of the cells within the islets of Langerhans produce this hormone.
insulin
What is the name of the pale area in the center of the pancreas
islet of Langerhans
The right kidney is slightly lower because ________.
it is displaced by the liver
The primary structure found within the medulla is the ________.
loop of Henle
What part of the pituitary gland is seen on the right hand side of this slide? (posterior)
neurohypophysis
The hormone _____ causes the contractions of labor.
oxytocin
What two hormones are released from the neurohypophysis?
oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone
The two hormones released from the neurohypophysis are actually manufactured in the ____________.
paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei of the hypothalamus
Alpha cells are primarily found in the ____________ of the islet, while beta cells are usually found in the ____________ of the islet.
periphery/center
What are the two types of cells found in the parathyroid?
principle cells and oxyphil
What does the PTH (parathyroid hormone) hormone do?
raise calcium levels in the blood
The renal pyramids are separated from each other by extensions of the renal cortex called ________.
renal columns
What exerts control over the pituitary gland?
the hypothalamus
On what gland are the parathyroid glands found?
thyroid
Which of the following is a hormone released from the thyroid gland?
triiodothyronine, thyroxine, tetraiodothyronine, calcitonin
Which zona represents the region of the adrenal gland that releases cortisol?
zona fasciculata
Where are the parathyroid glands found?
Posterior surface of lateral lobes of thyroid
Aside from adjusting calcium levels, what other ions does the parathyroid control?
HP042- and Mg2+
One condition relating to the thyroid is goiter. This is due to a lack of iodine in the diet. Which of the below is affected by a lack of iodine in the diet?
T3 and T4, follicle cells, colloid, TSH in the pituitary
What does thyroglobulin colloid contain?
T3/T4 precursor
99% of the pancreas is made up of what exocrine clusters?
acini
The hypophyseal portal veins drain into the ____________.
adenohypophysis
What endocrine gland releases a hormone that acts to stimulate the follicular cells to manufacture and release their two hormones, T-3 and T-4?
adenohypophysis
Which one of these anterior pituitary hormones shows increased secretion in response to stress?
adrenocorticotropic hormone
The hormone _______________, which is secreted by the adrenal _______________, causes the kidney to conserve sodium and excrete potassium ions and indirectly helps to maintain systemic blood pressure.
aldosterone; cortex
Which cells produce glucagon and what is its function?
alpha cells/raise blood glucose
What type(s) of cells do the pancreatic islets contain?
alpha, beta, delta and F cells
Drinking alcoholic beverages on hot days is not safe because alcohol inhibits the release of ____________ which normally helps to conserve water during dehydration.
antidiuretic hormone
Which of the following hormones is NOT released by the adenohypophysis?
antidiuretic hormone
Where are the adrenal glands located?
atop the kidneys
Where is the thyroid located in the body?
below the larynx and partially wrapped around trachea
Which cells produce insulin and what is its function?
beta cells/lower blood glucose
Which of these organs is affected by Cushing's disease, and what condition would this cause?
bottom pair; cortisol overproduction
Which hormone is the antagonist to parathyroid hormone?
calcitonin
What hormone acts to lower blood calcium levels, and from what cells is it released?
calcitonin/parafollicular cells
What is the name of the hormone producing cells in the adrenal medulla?
chromaffin cells
Is the pancreatic islet endocrine or exocrine?
endocrine
Which hormone constitutes 80% of the total secretions of the adrenal medulla?
epinephrine
The zona __________ releases ___________ that are involved with the metabolism of ____________, whereas the zona glomerulosa releases _________ that are involved with the metabolism of _____________.
fasciculata/glucocorticoids/glucose/mineralocorticoids/sodium and potassium
What types of hormones are produced in the pancreatic islets?
glucagon, insulin, somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide
How does the renal portal system differ from the hypothalamo-hypophyseal and digestive portal systems?
The renal portal system has an artery between the first and second capillary bed. The others have a vein.
Name the structures found in the renal hilum.
The structures found in the renal hilum are arteries, veins, ureters, lymphatics, and nerves.
