Exam Juan

Approximately _____ different languages are spoken in Africa.

1,000

The number of languages spoken worldwide is between __________.

5,000 and 6,000

Torah

A Jewish holy text containing a compilation of early laws and Jewish legends.

lingua franca

A common language or mixture of languages for purposes of trade or communication.

popular culture

A contemporary lifestyle which is widespread and changes rapidly.

subculture

A culture that exists within a larger culture but is differentiated from the majority group for reasons such as beliefs, customs, ethnic background, or religion.

local culture

A culture that is defined by a particular region or location.

Shia

A group of Muslims who believe that only people directly descended from Muhammad should lead.

Sunni

A group of Muslims who believe that the Islamic leader should be the most qualified person.

Afrikaans

A hybridization of Dutch, African, and other languages that is used in South Africa.

official language

A language given a special legal status within a country.

Creole

A later form of a pidgin language, which has a complex structure and vocabulary and many native speakers.

Which of the following is an example of cultural assimilation?

A new immigrant from Mexico learns how to speak English after enrolling in an American school.

accent

A variation in the pronunciation of a word.

As a religious faith, Candomblé appropriates beliefs from both __________.

African faiths and Catholicism

Which of the following characteristics is not shared by the faiths of Christianity, Judaism, and Islam?

All three are polytheistic religions

The language of Afrikaans was influenced by all of the following languages except __________.

American Indian languages

Qur'an

An Islamic holy text containing laws and prophecies written by the prophet Muhammad.

Which of the following statements about language in Canada is true?

Canada's government wants to preserve French within the province of Quebec.

Which of the following languages is spoken by the most people in the world today?

Chinese

As of 2009, the largest and most widespread religion in the world was __________.

Christianity

Which of the following religions is practiced by the largest percentage of the world's population?

Christianity

Which of the following statements about the spread of Christianity is false? Imperialism and colonization promoted the spread of Christianity. B. Colonists and migrants are mostly responsible for bringing Christianity to North America. C. Many people in Latin America were forced to convert to Christianity. D. Christianity did not spread to as many people as Islam did; Christianity is the world's second-largest religion.

Christianity did not spread to as many people as Islam did; Christianity is the world's second-largest religion.

African slaves who were brought to the New World adopted the religious practices of the __________.

Christians

Conflict between __________ has been raging in Nigeria since 1999.

Christians and Muslims

In Buddhism, the __________ provides a set of concepts to improve life and reach enlightenment.

Eightfold Path

Which of the following people is responsible for making the Christian faith the official religion of the Roman Empire?

Emperor Constantine

adherents

Followers of a religion, idea, or leader.

heterogeneous

Having different or dissimilar parts.

hearth

In a religious context, the home or birthplace of a religion.

The English language is part of which language family?

Indo-European

The Tuareg culture exhibits a combination of __________.

Islamic and pre-Islamic traditions

Which of the following statements about the history of Judaism is false?

Judaism is considered an important religion today due to the large percentage of people on Earth who follow its beliefs.

Which of the following statements about the history of Judaism is false? A. Judaism is considered an important religion today due to the large percentage of people on Earth who follow its beliefs. B. The kingdom of Israel was conquered by the Babylonian Empire, and later by the Roman Empire. C. Judaism spread throughout the eastern Mediterranean Basin. D. Jews faced persecution throughout their history.

Judaism is considered an important religion today due to the large percentage of people on Earth who follow its beliefs.

Which of the following lists the correct order in which the three religions were founded, from oldest to newest?

Judaism, Christianity, Islam

Which of the following statements best characterizes the differences between monotheism, polytheism, and animism?

Monotheism refers to a belief in one god, polytheism refers to a belief in multiple gods, and animism refers to a belief in the spiritual power of nature.

What was the most important reason the city of Boston chose to fill in much of their swampy land and coastal areas?

More land was needed for its growing population.

missionaries

People sent to an area by a religious organization to teach the inhabitants about their religion in hopes of converting them.

enlightenment

Pure knowledge about oneself and the world.

dialects

Regional or local versions of languages; may incorporate new vocabulary or pronunciation.

In what geographic region were both Buddhism and Hinduism founded?

South Asia

Dharmic

Term used by some to refer to the faiths of Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism

reincarnation

The belief that the soul comes back in a new form when the body dies.

Diaspora

The dispersion of Jews away from their homelands in Israel and Palestine.

the Eightfold Path

The eight goals of a person seeking enlightenment.

pidgin

The evolution of a lingua franca over time, which creates a combination of parts of languages.

Mahayanna

The later school of Buddhist thought, which is commonly practiced in China, Japan, and Tibet.

Theravada

The oldest form of Buddhism, which is commonly practiced in India and South Asia.

Why did so many Native American peoples adopt Christianity in Latin America during the 1500s?

The pope required that the Spanish monarchs make the conversion of native peoples to Christianity a priority during colonization.

appropriation

The process by which a culture adopts customs, beliefs, or knowledge from other cultures for its own benefit.

assimilation

The process by which a person or group acquires the social, political, and economic standards of another group in order to become fully integrated within a culture.

diffusion

The process by which an aspect or piece of culture is spread from one society to another

acculturation

The process by which members of one cultural group adopt the beliefs and behaviors of another group. adapt: To adjust to different conditions

integration

The process of absorbing outside culture.

If we were to examine a vocabulary word for two languages in the same language family (for example, English and German), which of the following would be the most likely result?

The spelling of the two words might be similar, and some sounds might be the same.

adapt

To adjust to different conditions.

The Torah consists of five books that include __________.

a compilation of Judaic law

Tuareg men wear a veil (tagelmust) for all of the following reasons, except __________.

because Sharia law dictates that Muslim men must wear veils

Haitian Creole developed through the process of language __________.

convergence

The changes to Boston's harbor and land area are examples of the ability of __________ to manipulate and change the __________.

culture . . . environment

The spreading of soccer around the world is an example of cultural __________.

diffusion

Quebecois French __________.

diverged from Parisian French

Which of the following beliefs is not included in Islam's Six Articles of Faith?

faith in the Vedas as sacred texts

Despite external influences, cultures don't change.

false

Popular culture __________.

is fluid and can change quickly

In Candomblé, orixás are __________.

lesser deities with individual personalities who serve the all-powerful god Olodumare

A culture made of a group of people in a particular region or location with shared customs, values, traits, and experiences that are easily identified is called

local culture.

Appropriation is best described as the process by which __________.

one culture adopts features from a nearby culture for its own benefit

Languages are grouped into families based on __________.

origin, sound, and words

The name of the culture that exists within the dominant culture is ⇒

subculture.

Which of the following is not included in the Christian Bible?

the first three books of the Qur'an

The term "Diaspora" refers to __________.

the spread of Judaism through the Middle East and southern Europe

Buddhism is both a religion and a philosophy.

true

Cultures may adopt the values and practices of other groups.

true

English and Punjabi belong to the same language family.

true

Language shapes culture, and culture shapes language.

true

Religion is a set of devoutly followed beliefs that often explain the creation of the universe and the nature of human existence.

true