exam review

the normal human ear can hear sounds varying in frequency from ______ to _____ cycles per second (Hz)

20 to 20,000

a neuron can fire up to a limit of about _____ times per second

400

Johnny was tormented in the school yard everyday by a bully with bright red frizzy hair. One day, Johnnys father brought his boss, Mr. Dale home. The boss had bright, red frizzy hair and Johnny ran to his room crying. Mr. Dales hair functioned as a ____, and Johnnys fear was a ____

CS; CR

Wernicke's aphasia causes

Impairment of one's ability to comprehend speech and to think of the proper words to express their own thoughts.

which of the following best illustrates operant conditioning according to Skinner?

a dolphin is given a fish every time it jumps through a hoop

what conclusion may be drawn about problem solving from Maiers studies with Bismark?

a rat has demonstrated insight under laboratory conditions

in his classic study of transcendental mediation, benson found that meditation leads to

a relaxation response

elyse is a college student who has developed a tolerance to heroin and experiences withdrawal symptoms whenever she doesn't have a "fix" at least every eight hours. she feels that she has lost control and has to organize her life around her habit. she would be classified as having

a substance use disorder

mean

add all up and divide by amount of numbers

If someone steps on your toes, resulting in pain and the movement of your foot, which of the following describes this process?

afferent neurons transmit the sensation of pain to the spinal cord and to the brain followed by efferent neurons sending the message to your foot to move

Because one odor can mask another people use

air fresheners, perfumes, incense burners

the most popular drug on college campus is

alcohol

According to Robert Sternberg, intelligence can be divided into three major parts:

analytical, creative, practical

while attempting to identify neural receptors that trigger salivary glands, ivan pavlov inadvertently found that responses can be learned through

association

When Charlotte hears something embarrassing, she blushes. Being a student of psychology, she knows that this condition is controlled by the

automatic nervous system

Allegra is said to have hypnotic suggestibility. She is likely to

be prone to fantasy

which of the following are children most likely to "outgrow"?

bed wetting

Psychology is defined as the scientific study of

behavior and mental processes

provide example of classical conditioning

chocolate which was eaten before a person was sick with a virus now produces a response of nausea (u.s. = virus, u.r. = nausea, c.s. = chocolate, c.r. = nausea, orienting reflex = none)

breaking THUNSTOFAM into three syllables THUN-STO-FAM and then repeating them many times in an effort to remember the 10 letters is an example of using techniques of

chunking and maintenance rehearsal

Roberto kept seeing signs on the highway advertising Pizza Hut. He started to salivate at the possibility of having pizza. The signs were

conditioned stimuli

Jamie's mother was concerned that her four-year-old daughter overregularized plurals and tenses. She took Jamie to Dr. Acton, a noted learning theorist, who advised her to

correct her grammar through imitation and repetition

The ability to do things that are unique and beneficial and to generate novel combinations out of existing elements describes

creativity

the measurable effect, outcome, or response in which the research is interested

dependent variable

dizogotic twins

develop when two ova are fertilized

the notion that animals that are most at risk from predators sleep less is taken from which of the following perspectives?

developmental

From the clinical evidence on brain injury, it appears that storage bins for long-term memories are located in

different brain areas

One plausible explanation of the incubation effect is

distancing problem solvers from persistent but unproductive mental sets

"messages" travel within neurons by means of ______ and from neuron to neuron by means of ____

electricity, neurotransmitters

the process of modifying information so that we can place it in memory is called

encoding

Remembering what you had for dinner is an example of _____ memory

episodic

Spotted zebras learn to stop going to a particular water hole after approaching it several times and finding that it is dry. However, after a month or two passes, they may return to the water hole. Learning to stop going to the water hole because it is dry, but then returning to it after time passes, is an example of _____ followed by _____

extinction, spontaneous recovery

___________ are the most basic building blocks of heredity.

genes

what distinguishes wilhelm wundts contribution from other contributions to psychology?

he established psychology as a laboratory science

Algorithms are usually time consuming, whereas ______ provide a more rapid solution when they work

heuristics

eight year old stephanie understands that her dog boodles is a dog and that all dogs are animals. Stephanies concept of animal is best characterized as

hierarchical

When Clay joined AA in order to stop drinking, he received a pamphlet that described the symptoms of alcohol withdrawal. These included

high blood pressure and rapid pulse, restlessness and tremors, anxiety and weakness

which of the following statements is correct concerning brain waves and the sleep cycle?

high-frequency brains waves are associated with being awake

a ____ is a specific statement about behavior or mental processes that is tested through research

hypothesis

school psychologists are employed by school districts to

identify and assist students who have problems that interfere with their learning

Tracy took tennis lessons when she was very young but had not played tennis for years when she decided to enroll in a tennis class at college. A moment after she picked up her racket, she realized with surprise that she had shifted it to the correct forehand grip without even thinking. Tracy's ________ memory made this possible.

implicit

a disadvantage of survey research is ____. For example, people tend to overrate behaviors like church attendance and proper hygiene.

inaccurate self-report

When a behavior is followed by negative reinforcement, the behavior is likely to

increase

a variable whose variation does not depend on that of another

independent variable

range

largest number minus the smallest number

johnny watches television violence for an hour or two a day, but his not violent outside of the home. Then one day Billy attacks him on the way home from school, and Johnny imitates the behavior he saw on television to fight Billy off and teach Billy to never attack him again. Although Johnny had not shown violent behavior until he was attacked, we can assume that when watching television, he was engaging in

latent learning

according to behaviorists, _____ is a relatively permanent change in an organisms behavior that occurs because of experience

learning

which of the following accommodates to an image by changing thickness and focusing light onto the retina?

lens

Mentally repeating a list or saying it to yourself refers to

maintenance rehearsal

True language is distinguished from the communications systems of lower animals by all of the following except

making sounds

the first female president of the american psychological association was

mary whiton calkins

mode

most occurring number

which of the following is not involved in explaining the perception of pitch?

opponent-process theory

Hamilton told himself to remember to get three things at the corner deli. On the way to the store, he ran into Jason and chatted for a few minutes. Afterward, he could only remember two of the items. Chatting with Jason had apparently interfered with Hamilton's.

prospective memory

the gestalt rule describing the perceptual tendency to see objects that are near each other as belonging to a set is termed _____; while the tendency to see like objects as belonging together is termed _____.

proximity; similarity

the school of psychology that places unconscious impulses and desires at the center of human behavior is

psychoanalysis

in a _____, each member of a population has an equal chance of being selected to participate

random sample

which of the following colors is the longest in wave length?

red

which of the following is most likely to be prescribed for use with hyperactive children

ritalin

the following are considered to be basic tastes, with the exception of

savory

you recall what you ate for breakfast this morning, but you know who wrote Hamlet. Your knowledge that Shakespeare wrote Hamlet is an example of

semantic memory

when reading the sentences, "The chicken is ready for dinner," and "The lion is ready for dinner," if you understand which is ready to eat and which is ready to be eaten you are using the phrase "is ready to eat" with different _____ in each case

semanticity

______ is to mechanical stimulation as perception is to mental representation

sensation

when we say we are "conscious of" seeing something or hearing a sound, we are referring to consciousness as

sensory awareness

An axon's length can range from a few millimeters to

several feet

Professor Fournier gives a quiz every Monday. His students would then tend to ____ because they are on a ____ schedule of reinforcement.

study on sunday nights; fixed interval

An editor gets so upset that she is late in working on a manuscript that she throws up her lunch. This probably occurred because of activity in the

sympathetic division of her autonomic nervous system

the sensory receptors for kinesthesis are located in the

tendons, muscles and joints

Dr. Lui was interested in testing the effects of violent television on six year old children. She showed one group a particularly violent episode of power rangers and another group watched a short nonviolent episode of an old sesame street. she then observed the groups in the playground and measured their behaviors. what is the dependent variable in this study?

the behavior on the playground

you design a test of intelligence. on the theory that intelligence is related to academic performance, you use _____ to test the relationship between performance on your new test and grades in school.

the correlational method

most psychologists do not believe in extrasensory perception because

there is no evidence to support the existence of extrasensory perception

according to the text, janet hyde and her colleagues studied the performance of some 7 million children in second through eleventh grades in mathematics and found that

there were no overall gender differences in scores

Ellen loses weight and becomes somewhat agitated. Her doctor is most likely to theorize that she is suffering from a deficiency of

thyroxin

Evan met Lesley at a party last week. He sees her again a few weeks after their first meeting. He knows that he knows her name but just can't retrieve the information. This experience is referred to as

tip of the tongue phenomenon

Slot machines tend to keep gamblers playing by using a ____ schedule of reinforcement

variable-ratio

If you learn how to do something once, and then forget it, what is most likely to happen if you attempt to relearn it?

you will relearn it more quickly then you originally learned it