exam_3
How did an increase in foreign trade affect the rural production of goods?
Families could specialize in a particular product.
What important concept was put in place with the Monroe Doctrine?
Foreign countries were required to stay out of North and South America.
What was Jackson's relationship with the Supreme Court under Marshall?
He considered it an elitist organization.
Why did Calhoun disagree with Adams on the issue of tariffs?
High tariffs would hinder trade opportunities for South Carolina.
How did the factory system change the production of goods?
It relied heavily on the concept of ownership and labor organization.
After 1819, every state admitted to the union except __________ barred all free black men from voting.
Maine
What was the result of Missouri's application for statehood?
Missouri entered as a slave state and Maine was admitted as a free state
What made the U.S. unique among the countries that had undergone similar democratic revolutions?
More U.S. men could vote compared to other countries.
Which of the following cities had the largest population in 1830?
New York
How did the relationship between settlers and Plains Indians change in the 19 th century?
New settlers posed a threat because they set up permanent residences.
How did state voting requirements change after 1815
New states did not require voters to own property
Why were northerners initially more involved with reform movements than Americans from other areas of the country?
Northerners witnessed first-hand the effects of industrialization.
Why did the women's reform movement eventually split?
Not all women agreed on the extent and nature of the reforms proposed.
What happened to the everyday lives of workers when they went from independent employment to wage earners?
Power relationships changed.
Which of the following contributed to the development of a robust market economy in the early 19th-century America?
Production of surplus goods.
What kept most southerners from moving into the Northwest territory?
Slavery was prohibited.
New attitudes regarding manhood were less accepted among ______ men.
Southern
Which of the following is the most accurate statement regarding the financing of internal improvements?
State and federal governments both participated in contributing to internal improvements.
How did Americans' perception of social classes change during the 19 th century?
The emergence of social classes became evident
The newly burgeoning American market economy depended on many factors including
an explosion of new patents.
Jackson's view of the Indians can best be described as
antagonistic
A free market economy relies heavily on which of the following to succeed?
competition
Which of the following was a side product of evangelical revivalism in the mid 19 th century?
concern for too much democracy in politics
The Panic of 1819 was partly a result of
inflation.
Eli Whitney revolutionized the manufacturing of muskets through the use of
interchangeable parts
Besides his expertise in machinery, what else did Samuel Slater contribute to American manufacturing?
labor management system of organization
Although housing in the U.S. was increasingly segregated by class, one place where social integration occurred was
on city streets.
After his election, Jackson celebrated his victory by
opening the White House "to the people" for his inauguration.
How did immigrants between 1830 and 1850 affect American workers?
They caused wages to drop.
What made canals a popular transportation alternative?
They connected inland waterways to larger transportation systems.
What strategy did reformers use to successfully legitimize their platforms?
They connected their causes with those of European reformers
Why did religious leaders condemn the rise of secularism?
They considered it vulgar.
Why did the Spanish encourage settlement in California during the 1780s and 1790s?
They needed a buffer between the Russian and British settlements in Oregon, and the silver mines in Mexico.
What did industrial cities need for the best chance of survival?
They needed proximity to moving water.
Following the Supreme Court decision in Worcester v. Georgia what action did the state of Georgia take?
They negotiated a treaty with a small group of Cherokee that was not accepted by the entire Cherokee nation.
How did women attempt to infiltrate the public sphere in the mid 19 th century?
They participated in reform movements.
What steps did the Mexicans take to reduce the influence of the Catholic Church in North America?
They secularized the missions.
What was the role of slaves in the new market economy?
They were both wage earners and commodities.
What caused women in the new republic to experience expanded educational opportunities?
They were influenced by British feminists.
Why were southern Americans especially eager to liberate countries from the Spanish?
They were looking to expand plantation agriculture.
How did the relationship between owners and workers change during the 1830s?
Workers used strikes as a form of protest.
The term "corrupt bargain" refers to
a perceived deal between Clay and Adams regarding the presidential election of 1824.
What caused the Spanish to successfully expand in California?
success of the mission system
Which of the following has the greatest effect on a market economy?
supply and demand
What was one of the first American industries to benefit from the technological advancements made by the British?
textiles
One reason for the rise of utopian communities in the mid-1800s was
the desire of individuals to remake society.
One of the factors pushing the American economy toward capitalism was
the intensified movement of people and goods.
What was expected of American women under the concept of "republican motherhood"?
raise children to be good citizens
By the 1840s the rise of the middle class was due, in part, to the?
rapid growth of cities
The most significant contribution by Americans to international technology occurred in the ____________ industry.
steamboat
Following the American Revolution, American Christians
were encouraged to sever their relationship with the Church of England.
The Northwest Ordinance of ___________ outlawed slavery in the Northwest Territory, but freed blacks were still not welcomed.
1787
The first mechanized cotton mill was established in
1790
Congress authorized funding for the Cumberland Road in
1806
What year was the first commercial steamboat launched?
1807
When did Mexico gain independence from Spain?
1821
In what year did the Nat Turner rebellion occur?
1831
What percentage of blacks attended church by the end of the 1850s?
25
According to historians, what percent of the white population could read by 1790?
90%
Which of the following best describes the "American System"?
A series of laws encouraging domestic economic development.
What made the presidential election of 1824 unique?
All the candidates were from the same party but had different political outlooks.
What was Tocqueville's view of gender relations in America?
American women were limited due to their gender.
How did the expansion of the market economy change Americans' worldview?
Americans were forced to acknowledge their position in a global economy.
How did American mill workers compare to their British counterparts?
Both American and British mill workers often faced unsafe factory conditions.
What did the factory system under Slater have in common with that of Lowell?
Both companies relied primarily on women for their workforce.
In order to participate in the new market economy of the 19th century, which of the following was the most important?
Cities needed internal networks and external access to markets.
The first successful steamboat was known as the
Clermont
How did the southern approach to reforms benefit southerners?
Communities could control the recipients of charitable aid
As President, Jackson suggested that
Congress should use its power to authorize actions that benefitted the majority of Americans
As President, Jackson suggested that
Congress should use its power to authorize actions that benefitted the majority of Americans.
Which of the following statements best describes the experience of blacks who attended church?
Efforts by whites to control Christianity among blacks failed
Who was responsible for implementing significant technological improvements in the cotton industry?
Eli Whitney
Abolitionist violence resulted in the death of
Elijah Lovejoy.
How did reform movements help to protect businesses?
Employers devised ways to regulate the morality of employees.
"Clinton's big ditch" refers to which of the following internal improvement projects?
Erie Canal
Which of the following was the first major U.S. canal project?
Erie Canal
How did the nature of newspaper publishing change in the 1830s?
Funding came from mass readership.
Why was Charles Finney so successful as a religious reformer?
He addressed his listeners as equals.
Why did President Madison veto the "Bonus Bill"?
He believed it was unconstitutional.
How did Samuel Slater contribute to the new system of mechanization?
He revolutionized the mechanization of cotton mills.
Why was Jackson adamant in his rejection of a Second Bank of the U.S.?
He was concerned it would gain too much power and eventually control the government.
How did American mill workers compare to their British counterparts?
How did American mill workers compare to their British counterparts?
How did American and British trade in opium affect the Chinese?
It devastated Chinese society by creating addicts and crime
What was the ultimate outcome of Jackson's fight against the Second Bank of the U.S.?
It was never re-chartered and it died after 1836.
What was the ultimate outcome of Jackson's fight against the Second Bank of the United States?
It was never rechartered and it died after 1836.
What made the election of 1828 different from previous presidential elections?
It was the first time aggressive campaigning was utilized.
What argument did Angelina Grimkè use to denounce slavery?
It would delay the millennium.
One opponent of the "American System" was
James Madison
As early as 1785, ________________ encouraged Americans to develop trade relations with India.
John Adams
Besides his expertise in machinery, what else did Samuel Slater contribute to American manufacturing?
Labor management system of organization
What two bodies of water were connected by the Erie Canal?
Lake Erie and Atlantic Ocean
How did steam power change the manufacturing environment?
Manufacturing no longer had to be near a water source.
Which of the following men was instrumental in changing the way presidential campaigns were conducted?
Martin Van Buren
What state is credited with laying the first miles of railroad tracks?
Maryland
Which of the following industries benefited substantially from water power?
Mills
Which of the following industries benefitted substantially from water power?
Mills
Which of the following statements best describes the state of America's labor movement during the early decades of the 19 th century?
Neighborhoods became defined by class
Which section of the U.S. had the best sources of available water power?
Northeast
Which of the following was one of the first colleges to train evangelical ministers?
Oberlin
Who was initially responsible for patenting a high-pressure steam engine?
Oliver Evans
How did political life change during the growth of the market economy?
Political life became more democratic.
At the turn of the 19th century, politicians were expected to
Pretend a "disinterest" in the office they were seeking
Why were many of the reforms of the Second Great Awakening disruptive to society?
Reforms often challenged previously entrenched opinions and customs.
Who became president of the newly independent Republic of Texas?
Sam Houston
Which of the following arguments of racial superiority did southerners use to justify the necessity for slavery?
Skull size was related to intellectual ability.
How did Mexicans react to the issue of slavery in Texas?
Slavery was outlawed in 1830.
Why was federal funding for roads such a controversial topic?
Some people believed it was unconstitutional.
America's first major song writer was
Stephen Foster
America's first major song writer was
Stephen Foster.
What did Americans have to do in order to legally settle in Spanish territories in the Southwest?
Take an oath of allegiance to the Spanish government
American business relations with Canton promoted a lucrative trade in what commodity?
Tea
How was the colonization of Texas different from other colonization efforts in North America?
Texas was run by American citizens with the permission of the Mexican government.
How did the Industrial Revolution in England affect American trade?
The British imported more food products from the U.S.
How were Americans hindered in their ability to obtain new trade ideas?
The British were forbidden from exporting trade secrets.
What was one of the reasons male suffrage increased after the War of 1812?
The Federalist Party died out.
What argument did the U.S. use to justify the threat of taking Florida from the Spanish?
The Spanish were unable to control the Seminole Indians.
How did the laws of coverture affect women?
The laws required women to give property and wages to their husbands.
Why was it so difficult for reformers to change the status of women's rights?
The proposed changes often challenged traditional Christian society
The "American System" of economics is primarily concerned with which of the following concepts?
The use of federal funds for internal improvements
Which of the following describes the life of a Lowell "mill girl"?
The work was hard but most were paid a fair wage.
How did childrearing change during the antebellum era? childbearing
There was more of an emphasis on affection towards children.
What was the benefit to slaves who worked under the "task system" of labor?
They had some degree of autonomy.
How did reformers change public opinion regarding alcohol consumption
They used scientific data to support their arguments
Why were women successful employees in the mills
They used skills developed at home.
What in particular concerned Americans about the growth of the working class?
They were aware that industrialization in Europe had negative consequences.
How did Jackson make travel between the U.S. and Mexico safer for traders?
U.S. infantry troops were employed as escorts.
Which was the first territory to become a state following the signing of the Constitution?
Vermont
How was social class affected as more Americans became wage earners?
Wage earners identified more with workers across various trades and industries
How was social class affected as more Americans became wage earners?
Wage earners identified more with workers across various trades and industries.
Which of the following is a correct statement about economic developments in this period?
Wage earning became a dominant factor in the new economy.
What was "revolutionary" about the use of water in the manufacturing process in the early 19th century?
Water was used more aggressively as a way to increase the power of machinery.
Why did whaling become such a lucrative business for America?
Whaling provided raw materials for a variety of industries.
What made the United States unique among the countries that had undergone similar democratic revolutions?
What made the United States unique among the countries that had undergone similar democratic revolutions?
Improvements in transportation pushed Congress to
create the U.S. Postal system.
Leading black activists were opposed to which of the following ideas?
deportation and colonization of freed slaves
Both companies relied primarily on women for their workforce.
elected by the House of Representatives
How was the President determined in the 1824 election?
elected by the House of Representatives
What did southern slaveholders do in order to meet labor demands?
engaged heavily in an internal slave trade
Jefferson's vision for a stable national government involved the inclusion of __________ as a primary component of the economy
farmers
Jefferson's vision for a stable national government involved the inclusion of __________ as a primary component of the economy.
farmers
European labor activists of the 1830s encouraged Americans to
form political parties based on class.
How did John Astor make his fortune in America?
fur trade
By the 1830s, Americans were shipping __________ from the Great Lakes region India.
ice
Where were African America most successful in developing their own culture?
in cities
What was the significance of the 1837 Supreme Court decision Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge?
it curtailed the power of the courts in legislative matters.
Competition for which of the following increased as manufacturing became more important to Americans?
land near a water source
What principle was unique about the original teachings of the Mormons?
plural marriages
At the turn of the 19 th century, politicians were expected to
pretend a "disinterest" in the office they were seeking.
What helped determine gender roles in the southwest?
ratio of men to women
Which group of workers were the first to organize a labor protest?
shoemakers
What facilitated acceptance of Christianity among black slaves?
similarity between Christian and African beliefs
By the 1830s America's market economy
was on the verge of an Industrial Revolution
What group of people in particular were anxious to expel the Cherokee from Georgia?
white miners