Topic 10 (Plant Structure) Llanes

Pistil

Female part of the flower

What is the structure of a leaf optimized to do?

It's optimized to absorb light & carry out photosynthesis

Vascular Tissue

Supports the plant body and transports water & nutrients throughout the plant

Stamens

The male parts of the flower, each consisting of a stalk called a filament with an anther at its tip

Transpiration

The movement of water vapor out of a plant and into the air.

Style

The stalk of a flower's carpel, with the ovary at the base and the stigma at the top.

Cuticle

The thick waxy layer that covers the outer surfaces of epidermal cells which protects against water loss

What do roots do?

They anchor plants, absorb water & dissolved nutrients, transport materials to the rest of the plant, store food, and hold plants upright

What do stems do?

They provide a support system for the plant, a transport system that carries nutrients, a defensive system (can provide defense thru thorns), and produce leaves & reproductive organs

2 kinds of vascular tissue

Xylem and phloem

Petals

are often brightly colored to attract pollinators

Stigma

at the top of the style; a sticky or feathery portion that's specialized to capture pollen

Why are water molecules attracted to each other?

by cohesion

When are stomata open?

during the day

When are stomata closed?

during the night, or during high daytime temperatures (to prevent transpiration)

What causes wilting?

high transpiration rates; there is a loss of water, therefore pressure, in a plant's cell leading to wilting

Dermal Tissue

outer layer; in young plants it consists of a single layer of cells - epidermis

3 types of ground tissue

parenchyma, collenchyma, & sclerenchyma

Gymnosperm

produce naked seeds like a pine cone

Ground tissue

produces & stores sugars

Angiosperm

produces flowers & fruits

Meristems

regions of unspecialized cells in which mitosis produces new cells that are ready for differentiation

Stomata

small openings in the epidermis that let CO2, H2O, & O2 diffuse in and out of the leaf

Carpels

the innermost floral parts; produce & shelter the female gametophytes and, later, seeds; each has a broad base forming an ovary that contains 1 or more ovules where female gametophytes are made

Phloem

the vascular tissue in plants that conducts sugars and other metabolic products downward from the leaves.

Petiole

thin stalk that attaches the blade to the stem

Blade

thin, flattened section of a plant leaf that collects sunlight; the flat shape maximizes the amount of light it can absorb

monocots

vascular bundles are scattered throughout the stem

dicots

vascular bundles arranged in a cylinder/ring

Xylem

vascular tissue that carries water upward from the roots to every part of a plant

What happens when water is scarce?

water pressure in the leaf falls & the guard cells respond by closing the stomates

Nodes

where leaves are attached to the stem; growing stems contain distinct ones; small buds are found where leaves attach to nodes