MKT Exam 2

) The theory of cognitive dissonance is based on the ________. A) knowledge function B) principle of cognitive consistency C) principle of cognitive-affect conflict D) self-identification function

b

2) The functional theory of attitudes was initially developed to explain how ________. A) people identify with products B) attitudes facilitate social behavior C) attitudes are learned from family and friends D) attitudes change over an individual's lifetime

b

21) An active attempt to change attitudes is called ________. A) behavior modification B) persuasion C) communication D) cognition

b

22) In the communications model, the element in which the message originates is the ________. A) medium B) source C) message D) consumer

b

5) What do the "A, B, Cs" of the ABC model of attitudes stand for? A) attitude, business, and consumption B) affect, behavior, and cognition C) assumptions, best practices, conditions D) approval, behavior, context

b

10) Researchers agree that there are various levels of commitment to an attitude. The highest level of involvement is ________. A) internalization B) identification C) compliance D) actualization

a

12) Which theory of attitudes states that people are motivated to take action to resolve inconsistencies between attitudes and behaviors? A) theory of cognitive dissonance B) self-perception theory C) social judgment theory D) balance theory

a

20) Despite improvements to the Fishbein model, all of the following are considered obstacles to predicting behavior using this model EXCEPT which one? A) The model has relatively weak theorems about attitudes. B) The model deals with actual behavior, not with the outcomes of behavior. C) Some behavioral outcomes are beyond the consumer's control. D) Measures of attitude often do not correspond to the behavior they are supposed to predict.

a

3) The ________ function of attitudes applies when a person is in an ambiguous situation and needs order, structure, or meaning. A) knowledge B) utilitarian C) value-expressive D) ego-defensive

a

14) Which theory of attitudes assumes that people assimilate new information about attitude objects in light of what they already know and feel, using an initial attitude as a frame of reference to categorize new information? A) theory of cognitive dissonance B) multiattribute theory C) social judgment theory D) self-perception theory

c

39) A politician attempts to gain support for her campaign for mayor by releasing a poll showing that almost 70 percent of the city's voters support her position on property taxes. What basic psychological principle is the politician using to persuade voters that she should be the next mayor? A) consistency B) authority C) consensus D) liking

c

13) Which theory of attitudes assumes that people use observations of their own behavior to determine what their attitudes are? A) theory of cognitive dissonance B) balance theory C) social judgment theory D) self-perception theory

d

16) All multiattribute attitude models specify the importance of three elements. Two of those elements are attributes and beliefs. What is the third element? A) action variables B) motivations C) recency of events D) importance weights

d

3) Brand ________ refers to the extent to which a consumer holds strong, favorable, and unique associations with a brand in memory-and the extent to which the consumer is willing to pay more for the branded version of a product than for a non-branded version. A) dynamics B) position C) logo D) equity

d

38) L. L. Bean products are known to be rugged, outdoorsy, tough, athletic, and dependable. Because the company has worked very hard to establish these thoughts in the minds of consumers and has spent large sums of money to make sure that their products maintain the favorable L. L. Bean reputation, L. L. Bean has achieved brand ________ with its products. A) dynamics B) animism C) parity D) equity

d

38) Roger was really angry when Coca-Cola attempted to switch from its older formula to New Coke. He wrote letters to Coca-Cola, talked to friends, called the local bottler, attempted to hoard "old Coke," and complained to the local grocery store manager. In this example, which degree of commitment would be most closely associated with Roger and his attitudes? A) compliance B) identification C) information acquisition D) internalization

d