Eye and Adnexa

-phobia

"aversion," not fear.

Snellen

(VA) visual acuity assessment.

Scotoma

Area of decreased vision in the visual field, commonly called blind spot

Diplopia

Double vision

Myopia (MY)

Nearsightedness; refractive error that does not allow the yey to focus on distant objects.

Visual acuity (VA) assessment

Test of the clearness or sharpness of vision

Esotropia

Turning inward of one or both eyes.

Papilledema

a swelling of the optic disk, usually secondary to intracranial pressure.

Pterygium

a winglike growth of the conjunctiva at the medial canthus of the eye, usually as a result of excessive exposure to wind/weather.

Pinguecula

a yellowish, noncancerous growth on the conjunctiva covering the eyeball in the eara of the palpebral fissure.

Color blindness

achromatopsia

Synechia

adhesion of the lens to the cornea.

Lazy eye

amblyopia ex anopsia

Retinoblastoma

an inherited condition present at birth that arises from embryonic retinal cells.

Cornea

anterior, transparent continuation of the sclera.

eyelid

blephar/o or palpebr/o

Palpebration

blinking.

Hyphema

blood in the anterior chamber of the eye as a result of hemorrhage due to trauma.

intraocular lens (IOL)

breaking down and removingthe lens to treat cataract.

corner (of eye)

canth/o

canthi

canthus

Nasolacrimal ducts

carry tears to the nasal cavitiy.

Meibomian cyst

chalazion

choroid

choroid/o

Anisocoria

conditin of unequally sized pupils, sometimes due to pressure on the optic nerve as a result of truama or lesion.

Aphakia

condition of no lens, either congenital or acquired.

conjunctivae

conjunctiva

Pinkeye

conjunctivitis

Canthi

corners of the eyes.

radial keratotomy

cutiing the cornea in a spokelike fashion in order to flatten it and correct myopia.

iridectomy

cutting out all or part of the iris to allow aqueous humor to flow out of the anterior chamber

keratectomy

cutting out part or all of the cornea to remove a lesion.

ciliary body

cycl/o

lacrimal (tear) gland

dacryoaden/o

lacrimal (tear) sac

dacryocyst/o

Double vision

diplopia

Blepharoptosis

drooping of the upper eyelid.

Amblyopia ex anopsia

dull or dim vision due to disuse. also called lazy eye

Mydriasis

excessive and /or prolonged dilation of the pupil.

Miosis

excessive and/or prolonged constriction of the pupil.

Photophobia

extreme sensitivity to light

Wet

exudative

Hypermetropia

farsightedness, refractive error that does not allow the eye to focus on nerby abjects

laser-assisted in-situ keratomileusis (LASIK)

flap procedure in which an excimer laser is used to remove material under the corneal flap.

Blepharoplasty

forming a new eyelid or restoring a new eyelid

keratoplasty

forming a new or restord cornea. a transplantation of corneal tissue from a donor or the patients own cornea.

iridoplasty

forming a new or restored iris with laser tratment that allows the drainage of aqueous humor through an enganced opening.

conjunctivoplasty

forming a new or restoring conjunctiva that may require the use of gafting procedures from the tissue of the cheek or other eye.

Strabismus

general term for lack of coordination between the eyes, usually due to a muscle weakness or paralysis.

Glaucoma

group of disorders dcharcterized by abnormal intraocular pressure due to obstruction of the outflow of the aqueous humor.

Chalazion

hardened swelling of a meibomian gland resulting from a blockage.

Retinitis pigmentosa

hereditary, degenerative disease marked by nyctalopia and a progressive loss of the visual field.

Stye

hordeolum

Farsightedness

hypermetropia

Blepharochalasis

hypertrophy of the skin of the eyelid.

Achromatopsia

impairment of color vision. inability to distinguish between certain colors because of abnormalities of the photopigments produced in the retina

Nyctalopia

inability to see well in dim light.

Hordeolum

infection of one of the sevaceous glands of an eyelash (stye).

Purulent endophthalmitis

infection within the eyeball usaully caused by a bacterial infection.

Dacryoadentiis

inflammation of a lacrimal gland.

Dacryocystitis

inflammation of a lacrimal sac.

Blepharitis

inflammation of an eyelid.

Iridocyclitis

inflammation of the anterior uvea, specifically the iris and ciliary body.

Posterior cyclitis

inflammation of the cilary body.

Conjunctivitis

inflammation of the conjuctiva, commonly known as pinkeye, a highly contagious disorder.

Keratitis

inflammation of the cornea.

Panophthalmitis

inflammation of the entire eye.

Optic papillitis

inflammation of the optic disk usually accompanied by varying degrees of visual deficiencies.

Optic neuritis

inflammation of the optic nerve

Retrobulbar neuritis

inflammation of the optic nerve behind the eyeball.

Scleritis

inflammation of the sclera (white of the eye); usaually associated with autoimmune disorder.

Lacrimal canaliculitis

inflammation of the tear ducts, especially the lacrimal canalculi.

Uveitis

inflammation of the uvea (iris, ciliary body, and choriod.

Retina

inner layer of the eye.

Nystagmus

involuntary, back and forth eye movements due to a disorder of the labyrinth of the eare an/or parts of the nervous system associated with rhythmic eye movements.

irides

iris

cornea

kerat/o or corne/o

Dry eye

keratomalacia

Retinal ischemia

lack of blood flow to the retina.

tears

lacrim/o or dacry/o

Oculus sinistra

left eye.

Diopters

level of measurement that quantifies refraction errors, including the amount of nearsightedness, farsightedness, and astigmatism

limbi

limbus

Heratomalacia

literally a softening of the cornea, this condition is the result of a vitamin A deficiency and malnutrition.

Hemianopsia

loss of half the visual field

maculae

macula

Astigmatism

malcurvature of the cornea leading to blurred vision.

Intraocular melanoma

malignant tumor of the choroid, ciliary body, or iris that usually occurs in individuals in their 50's or 60's.

tonometry

measurement of intraocular pressure (IOP) used in diagnosing glaucoma.

Uvea

middle layer of the eye.

Nearsightedness

myopia

dry

nonexudative

Emmetropia

normal vision

VF

normal visual field is 65 degrees upward, 75 degreess downward, and 60 degrees inward, and 90 degrees outward.

eye

ophthalm/o or ocul/o

vision

opt/o or optic/o

Epiphora

overflow of tears; excessive lacrimation.

optic disk

papill/o

Posterior cyclitis

pars planitis

Lit lamp examination

part of a routine eye examination; used to examine the various layer of the eye.

lens

phak/o or phac/o

Lacrimation

process of producing tears.

ARMD

progressive destruction of the macula, resulting in a loss of central vision.

Cataract

progressive loss of transparency of the lens of the eye.

Presbyopia

progrssive loss of elasticity of the lens resulting in hyperopia

Conjunctiva

protective mucous membrane that coats the anterior surface of the eyeball.

Exophthalmos

protrusion of the eyeball from its orbit.

pupil

pupill/o or core/o or cor/o

vitrectomy

removal of part or all of the vitreous humor.

evisceration of the eyeball

removal of the contents of the eyeball, leaving the outer coat intact.

enucleation of eyeball

removal of the entire eyeball

Cones

responsible for color vision.

Rods

responsible for vision in dim light.

Oculus dextra

right eye.

Annulus of Zinn

ring like structure surrounding the optic nerve behind the eyeball.

sclerae

sclera

Blind spot

scotoma

Retinal tear, detachment

separation of the retina from the choroid layer.

notched

serrat/o

Iris

smooth muscle that moderates the amount of light entering the eye.

Visual acuity test

snellen test

canthorrhaphy

suturing the upper and lower eyelids to prevent them from opening.

canthorrhaphy

tarsorrhapy or blepharorrhapy

Schirmer tear test

test ot determine the amount of tear production; useful in diagnosing dry eye.

Visual field test (VF)

test ot determine the area of physical space visible to an individual.

Amsler grid

test to asses central vision and to assist in the diagnosis of age-related macular degeneration.

Limbus

the border between the cornea and the sclera.

Pupil

the opening of the center of the iris.

Sclera

the white of the eye.

Choroidal hemangioma

tumor of the blood vessel layer under the retina (the choroid layer)

Entropion

turning inward of the eyelid toward the eye.

Ectropion

turning outward of the eyelid.

Fluorescein staining

use of a dye dropped into the eyes that allows differential staining of abnormalities of the cornea

cyclodiathermy

use of heat to destroy part of the ciliary body for the treatment of glaucoma.

Gonioscopy

visualization of the angle of the anterior chamber of the eye; used to diagnose glaucoma and to inspect ocular movement.