Eye and Adnexa
-phobia
"aversion," not fear.
Snellen
(VA) visual acuity assessment.
Scotoma
Area of decreased vision in the visual field, commonly called blind spot
Diplopia
Double vision
Myopia (MY)
Nearsightedness; refractive error that does not allow the yey to focus on distant objects.
Visual acuity (VA) assessment
Test of the clearness or sharpness of vision
Esotropia
Turning inward of one or both eyes.
Papilledema
a swelling of the optic disk, usually secondary to intracranial pressure.
Pterygium
a winglike growth of the conjunctiva at the medial canthus of the eye, usually as a result of excessive exposure to wind/weather.
Pinguecula
a yellowish, noncancerous growth on the conjunctiva covering the eyeball in the eara of the palpebral fissure.
Color blindness
achromatopsia
Synechia
adhesion of the lens to the cornea.
Lazy eye
amblyopia ex anopsia
Retinoblastoma
an inherited condition present at birth that arises from embryonic retinal cells.
Cornea
anterior, transparent continuation of the sclera.
eyelid
blephar/o or palpebr/o
Palpebration
blinking.
Hyphema
blood in the anterior chamber of the eye as a result of hemorrhage due to trauma.
intraocular lens (IOL)
breaking down and removingthe lens to treat cataract.
corner (of eye)
canth/o
canthi
canthus
Nasolacrimal ducts
carry tears to the nasal cavitiy.
Meibomian cyst
chalazion
choroid
choroid/o
Anisocoria
conditin of unequally sized pupils, sometimes due to pressure on the optic nerve as a result of truama or lesion.
Aphakia
condition of no lens, either congenital or acquired.
conjunctivae
conjunctiva
Pinkeye
conjunctivitis
Canthi
corners of the eyes.
radial keratotomy
cutiing the cornea in a spokelike fashion in order to flatten it and correct myopia.
iridectomy
cutting out all or part of the iris to allow aqueous humor to flow out of the anterior chamber
keratectomy
cutting out part or all of the cornea to remove a lesion.
ciliary body
cycl/o
lacrimal (tear) gland
dacryoaden/o
lacrimal (tear) sac
dacryocyst/o
Double vision
diplopia
Blepharoptosis
drooping of the upper eyelid.
Amblyopia ex anopsia
dull or dim vision due to disuse. also called lazy eye
Mydriasis
excessive and /or prolonged dilation of the pupil.
Miosis
excessive and/or prolonged constriction of the pupil.
Photophobia
extreme sensitivity to light
Wet
exudative
Hypermetropia
farsightedness, refractive error that does not allow the eye to focus on nerby abjects
laser-assisted in-situ keratomileusis (LASIK)
flap procedure in which an excimer laser is used to remove material under the corneal flap.
Blepharoplasty
forming a new eyelid or restoring a new eyelid
keratoplasty
forming a new or restord cornea. a transplantation of corneal tissue from a donor or the patients own cornea.
iridoplasty
forming a new or restored iris with laser tratment that allows the drainage of aqueous humor through an enganced opening.
conjunctivoplasty
forming a new or restoring conjunctiva that may require the use of gafting procedures from the tissue of the cheek or other eye.
Strabismus
general term for lack of coordination between the eyes, usually due to a muscle weakness or paralysis.
Glaucoma
group of disorders dcharcterized by abnormal intraocular pressure due to obstruction of the outflow of the aqueous humor.
Chalazion
hardened swelling of a meibomian gland resulting from a blockage.
Retinitis pigmentosa
hereditary, degenerative disease marked by nyctalopia and a progressive loss of the visual field.
Stye
hordeolum
Farsightedness
hypermetropia
Blepharochalasis
hypertrophy of the skin of the eyelid.
Achromatopsia
impairment of color vision. inability to distinguish between certain colors because of abnormalities of the photopigments produced in the retina
Nyctalopia
inability to see well in dim light.
Hordeolum
infection of one of the sevaceous glands of an eyelash (stye).
Purulent endophthalmitis
infection within the eyeball usaully caused by a bacterial infection.
Dacryoadentiis
inflammation of a lacrimal gland.
Dacryocystitis
inflammation of a lacrimal sac.
Blepharitis
inflammation of an eyelid.
Iridocyclitis
inflammation of the anterior uvea, specifically the iris and ciliary body.
Posterior cyclitis
inflammation of the cilary body.
Conjunctivitis
inflammation of the conjuctiva, commonly known as pinkeye, a highly contagious disorder.
Keratitis
inflammation of the cornea.
Panophthalmitis
inflammation of the entire eye.
Optic papillitis
inflammation of the optic disk usually accompanied by varying degrees of visual deficiencies.
Optic neuritis
inflammation of the optic nerve
Retrobulbar neuritis
inflammation of the optic nerve behind the eyeball.
Scleritis
inflammation of the sclera (white of the eye); usaually associated with autoimmune disorder.
Lacrimal canaliculitis
inflammation of the tear ducts, especially the lacrimal canalculi.
Uveitis
inflammation of the uvea (iris, ciliary body, and choriod.
Retina
inner layer of the eye.
Nystagmus
involuntary, back and forth eye movements due to a disorder of the labyrinth of the eare an/or parts of the nervous system associated with rhythmic eye movements.
irides
iris
cornea
kerat/o or corne/o
Dry eye
keratomalacia
Retinal ischemia
lack of blood flow to the retina.
tears
lacrim/o or dacry/o
Oculus sinistra
left eye.
Diopters
level of measurement that quantifies refraction errors, including the amount of nearsightedness, farsightedness, and astigmatism
limbi
limbus
Heratomalacia
literally a softening of the cornea, this condition is the result of a vitamin A deficiency and malnutrition.
Hemianopsia
loss of half the visual field
maculae
macula
Astigmatism
malcurvature of the cornea leading to blurred vision.
Intraocular melanoma
malignant tumor of the choroid, ciliary body, or iris that usually occurs in individuals in their 50's or 60's.
tonometry
measurement of intraocular pressure (IOP) used in diagnosing glaucoma.
Uvea
middle layer of the eye.
Nearsightedness
myopia
dry
nonexudative
Emmetropia
normal vision
VF
normal visual field is 65 degrees upward, 75 degreess downward, and 60 degrees inward, and 90 degrees outward.
eye
ophthalm/o or ocul/o
vision
opt/o or optic/o
Epiphora
overflow of tears; excessive lacrimation.
optic disk
papill/o
Posterior cyclitis
pars planitis
Lit lamp examination
part of a routine eye examination; used to examine the various layer of the eye.
lens
phak/o or phac/o
Lacrimation
process of producing tears.
ARMD
progressive destruction of the macula, resulting in a loss of central vision.
Cataract
progressive loss of transparency of the lens of the eye.
Presbyopia
progrssive loss of elasticity of the lens resulting in hyperopia
Conjunctiva
protective mucous membrane that coats the anterior surface of the eyeball.
Exophthalmos
protrusion of the eyeball from its orbit.
pupil
pupill/o or core/o or cor/o
vitrectomy
removal of part or all of the vitreous humor.
evisceration of the eyeball
removal of the contents of the eyeball, leaving the outer coat intact.
enucleation of eyeball
removal of the entire eyeball
Cones
responsible for color vision.
Rods
responsible for vision in dim light.
Oculus dextra
right eye.
Annulus of Zinn
ring like structure surrounding the optic nerve behind the eyeball.
sclerae
sclera
Blind spot
scotoma
Retinal tear, detachment
separation of the retina from the choroid layer.
notched
serrat/o
Iris
smooth muscle that moderates the amount of light entering the eye.
Visual acuity test
snellen test
canthorrhaphy
suturing the upper and lower eyelids to prevent them from opening.
canthorrhaphy
tarsorrhapy or blepharorrhapy
Schirmer tear test
test ot determine the amount of tear production; useful in diagnosing dry eye.
Visual field test (VF)
test ot determine the area of physical space visible to an individual.
Amsler grid
test to asses central vision and to assist in the diagnosis of age-related macular degeneration.
Limbus
the border between the cornea and the sclera.
Pupil
the opening of the center of the iris.
Sclera
the white of the eye.
Choroidal hemangioma
tumor of the blood vessel layer under the retina (the choroid layer)
Entropion
turning inward of the eyelid toward the eye.
Ectropion
turning outward of the eyelid.
Fluorescein staining
use of a dye dropped into the eyes that allows differential staining of abnormalities of the cornea
cyclodiathermy
use of heat to destroy part of the ciliary body for the treatment of glaucoma.
Gonioscopy
visualization of the angle of the anterior chamber of the eye; used to diagnose glaucoma and to inspect ocular movement.