federalism

10th Amendment

The Tenth Amendment was included in the Bill of Rights to further define the balance of power between the federal government and the states. The amendment says that the federal government has only those powers specifically granted by the Constitution.

Interstate commerce

"Interstate commerce" — between two places in a State as part of trade, traffic, or transportation originating or terminating outside the State or the U.S., such as goods sent by ship from Japan to Portland, where it's then sent by truck to Bend, Oregon.

Intrastate

1. existing or occurring within the boundaries of a state, especially of the United States: intrastate commerce. Compare interstate.

Act of Admission

A congressional act admitting a new State to the Union.

republican government

A republican government is one in which the political authority comes from the people. In the United States, power is given to the government by its citizens as written in the U.S. Constitution and through its elected representatives.

Federalism

A system of government in which power is divided between a national (federal) government and various regional governments.

State's rights position

All rights not delegated to the federal government by the Constitution nor denied by it to the states. The political position advocating strict interpretation of the Constitution with regard to the limitation of federal powers and the extension of the autonomy of the individual state to the greatest possible degree.

Enabling act

An enabling act is a piece of legislation by which a legislative body grants an entity which depends on it for authorization or legitimacy of power to take certain actions. For example, enabling acts often establish government agencies to carry out specific government policies in a modern nation.

Full Faith and Credit

Article IV, Section 1 of the United States Constitution, known as the "Full Faith and Credit Clause", addresses the duties that states within the United States have to respect the "public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other state."

Concurrent powers

Concurrent powers are powers that are shared by both the State and the federal government. These powers may be exercised simultaneously within the same territory and in relation to the same body of citizens. These concurrent powers including regulating elections, taxing, borrowing money and establishing courts.

Cooperative federalism

Cooperative federalism (1930s-1970s) is a concept of federalism in which national, state, and local governments interact cooperatively and collectively to solve common problems, rather than making policies separately but more or less equally (such as the dual federalism of the 19th century United States) or clashing

Gonzales v. Oregon

Court reviewed the use of the Commerce Clause and Federal Controlled Substances Act and found that the federal government could not preempt state laws allowing doctors to prescribe drugs used in assisted suicide cases

Dual federalism

Dual federalism, also referred to as divided sovereignty, is a political arrangement in which power is divided between the federal and state governments in clearly defined terms, with state governments exercising those powers accorded to them without interference from the federal government.

South Dakota v. Dole

Federal government allowed to use spending power to influence state policy for the public wefare (drinking age went up in the states in order to get federal funding)

Reserved powers

In comparative federalism and comparative constitutionalism reserved powers or residual powers are those powers which are not "enumerated" (written down, assigned).

Interstate compact

In the United States of America, an interstate compact is an agreement between two or more states. Article I, Section 10 of the United States Constitution provides that "no state shall enter into an agreement or compact with another state" without the consent of Congress.

Inherent powers

Inherent powers are those powers that Congress and the president need in order to get the job done right. Although not specified in the Constitution, they are reasonable powers that are a logical part of the powers delegated to Congress and the president.

Judicial review

Judicial review is the doctrine under which legislative and executive actions are subject to review by the judiciary. A court with judicial review power may invalidate laws and decisions that are incompatible with a higher authority, such as the terms of a written constitution.

Laboratories of Democracy

Laboratories of democracy is a phrase popularized by U.S. Supreme Court Justice Louis Brandeis in New State Ice Co. v. Liebmann to describe how a "state may, if its citizens choose, serve as a laboratory; and try novel social and economic experiments without risk to the rest of the country."

Block grants

ONe type of federal grants-in-aid for some particular but broadly defined area of public policy.

Categorical grant

One type of federal grants-in-aid; made for some specific, closely defined, purpose

Project grants

One type of federal grants-in-aid; made for specific projects to States, localities, and private agencies who apply for them.

Privileges and Immunities clause

Privileges and Immunities Clause. The Privileges and Immunities Clause of Article IV, Section 2 of the Constitution states that "the citizens of each state shall be entitled to all privileges and immunities of citizens in the several states."

Expressed powers

So, in writing the Constitution, they were rigorously committed to stating, as clearly as possible, what the government can and can't do. These are what we call the expressed powers of the U.S. Constitution.

Supremacy clause

The Supremacy Clause is the provision in Article Six, Clause 2 of the United States Constitution that establishes the United States Constitution, federal statutes, and treaties as "the supreme law of the land."

Carrot and Stick Approach

The "carrot and stick" approach (also "carrot or stick approach") is an idiom that refers to a policy of offering a combination of rewards and punishment to induce behavior. It is named in reference to a cart driver dangling a carrot in front of a mule and holding a stick behind it.

Intergovernmental relations

The Commission on Intergovernmental Relations (popularly known as the Kestnbaum Commission) was created by an act of the United States Congress on July 10, 1953, to make recommendations for the solution of problems involving federal and state governments.

Gonzales v. Raich

The Court ruled that the Commerce Clause along with the Federal Controlled Substances Act could allow the federal government to preempt state laws legalizing the use of medical marijuan

Delegated powers

The Delegated Powers, also called the Enumerated Powers, are the powers of Congress established in section eight of Article I of the US Constitution. There are nineteen such powers. The Delegated Powers are as follows:Feb 5, 2015

National Governor's Association

The National Governors Association (NGA) is the bipartisan organization of the nation's governors. Through NGA, governors share best practices, speak with a collective voice on national policy and develop innovative solutions that improve state government and support the principles of federalism.

Denied powers

The next section of Article 1 presents a long list of powers denied to the states. No state can make treaties or alliances with foreign governments. Nor can states coin money, make any laws impairing the obligation of contracts, or grant titles of nobility.

Implied powers

This "Necessary and Proper Clause" (sometimes also called the "Elastic Clause") grants Congress a set of so-called implied powers—that is, powers not explicitly named in the Constitution but assumed to exist due to their being necessary to implement the expressed powers that are named in Article I.

Grants in aid

an amount of money given to a local government, an institution, or a particular scholar.

Territory

an organized division of a country that is not yet admitted to the full rights of a state.

Extradition

he action of extraditing a person accused or convicted of a crime.

Obligations of states

moral ,safe, and health of citizen

Big 7

seven keys to federalism

government

the governing body of a nation, state, or community.

Devolution

the transfer or delegation of power to a lower level, especially by central government to local or regional administration.

Obligations of national

war.treaty, anything state doesnt do