Female Reproductive System

What is the main difference between oogenesis and spermatogenesis in terms of meiosis? A) The number of functional gametes produced is different. B) Oogenesis does not include a second meiotic division. C) Oogenesis produces three polar bodies, while spermatogenesis produces only one. D) Oogenesis takes place in the uterus, while spermatogenesis takes place in gonadal

A) The number of functional gametes produced is different. In spermatogenesis, four functional gametes are produced, while oogenesis produces only one functional gamete because of the loss of three polar bodies.

Which of the following represents the correct pathway of the egg after leaving the ovary and entering the uterine tube? A) infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus, uterus B) uterus, isthmus, ampulla, infundibulum C) ampulla, isthmus, infundibulum, uterus D) infundibulum, isthmus, uterus, ampulla

A) infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus, uterus

The mammary glands are classified as being part of which of the following systems? A) integumentary system B) immune system C) reproductive system D) endocrine system

A) integumentary system

Which layer of the uterus is the site for implantation of a fertilized egg? A) stratum functionalis of the endometrium B) myometrium C) stratum basalis of the endometrium D) perimetrium

A) stratum functionalis of the endometrium Implantation occurs at the stratum functionalis, the innermost layer of the uterus.

During the secretory phase of the uterine cycle, __________. A) the endometrium prepares for implantation B) the functional layer of the endometrium regenerates C) the endometrium is shed D) ovulation occurs

A) the endometrium prepares for implantation Secretions in the endometrium during the secretory phase aide in implantation.

Which of the following statements best describes the round ligament? A) It anchors the ovary to the pelvic wall. B) It connects the uterus to the labia majora. C) It anchors the uterus and the ovary. D) It is a large ligament that supports the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and uterus

B) It connects the uterus to the labia majora. The round ligament exits the body wall through the inguinal canal and inserts into the labia majora.

What is the pigmented ring of skin surrounding the nipple? A) lobe B) areola C) lactiferous ducts D) sebaceous glands

B) areola

What ovarian structure forms at the beginning of the secretory phase, encouraging its progress, and then degenerates just before menses? A) corpus albicans B) corpus luteum C) primary follicle D) vesicular follicle

B) corpus luteum The corpus luteum forms at the beginning of the secretory phase and produces hormones that support the uterus. When it degenerates about 12 days later, the uterus enters menses.

Which of the following conditions might contribute to an increased probability of having an ectopic pregnancy? A) reduced blood flow to the ovaries B) decreased number of cilia in the uterine tubes C) reduced number of granulosa cells D) decreased rate of formation of vesicular follicles

B) decreased number of cilia in the uterine tubes The cilia within the fallopian tubes function to move an ovulated oocyte from the ovary to the uterus.

Formation of a secondary oocyte occurs during __________. A) the luteal phase B) the follicular phase C) pregnancy D) ovulation

B) the follicular phase

What event coincides with the transition from the proliferative phase to the secretory phase? A) Menstruation begins. B) Glandular secretions commence. C) Ovulation occurs. D) Stratum functionalis is shed.

C) Ovulation occurs

What part(s) of the breast produce(s) milk? A) areola B) lactiferous ducts C) alveoli D) lactiferous sinus

C) alveoli Alveoli deep in breast tissue produce milk, which is passed to the openings in the nipple.

Which structure(s) of the female's external genitalia has/have erectile tissue? A) labia majora B) mons pubis C) clitoris D) labia minora

C) clitoris

A surge in __________ directly triggers ovulation. A) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) B) progesterone C) luteinizing hormone (LH) D) estrogen

C) luteinizing hormone (LH) When estrogen reaches a certain level in the body, it triggers a positive feedback loop that triggers an LH surge. This triggers ovulation.

During what phase of the female's uterine cycle is the uterine lining shed? A) preovulatory phase B) proliferative phase C) menstrual phase D) secretory, or postovulatory, phase

C) menstrual phase

Which of the following cells is released during ovulation? A) ovum B) oogonium C) secondary oocyte D) primary oocyte

C) secondary oocyte The secondary oocyte is ovulated from the ovarian follicle and proceeds into the uterine tube.

The __________ is shed during each menstruation and is then regenerated by the __________. A) myometrium; perimetrium B) stratum basalis; stratum functionalis C) stratum functionalis; stratum basalis D) stratum functionalis; myometrium

C) stratum functionalis; stratum basalis

What part of the female system is the usual site of fertilization of the ovulated oocyte? A) cervical canal B) vagina C) uterine (fallopian) tube D) uterus

C) uterine (fallopian) tube Eggs that successfully implant in the uterus are first fertilized in the uterine tube. This does not imply a "tubal pregnancy," where the zygote implants in the uterine tube.

Which hormone is the necessary trigger for ovulation to occur? A) progesterone B) estrogen C) FSH D) LH

D) LH

Which of the following is FALSE regarding the vagina of an adult female? A) The vaginal mucosa lacks glands. B) The mucosa of the vagina is stratified squamous epithelium. C) The vagina is also called the birth canal. D) The pH of the adult vagina is alkaline.

D) The pH of the adult vagina is alkaline.

Why does only one egg, rather than four eggs, develop during oogenesis, given that spermatogenesis results in four sperm formed from one stem cell? A) The egg does not go through the meiotic division processes that the sperm undergo. B) Once formed, spermatids, but not oocytes, undergo additional rounds of division by mitosis. C) Only one egg can be fertilized at a time. D) Unequal cytoplasmic division ensures that a fertilized egg has ample nutrients for its journey to the uterus.

D) Unequal cytoplasmic division ensures that a fertilized egg has ample nutrients for its journey to the uterus.

Which of these structures directly encloses the vestibule? A) hymen B) clitoris C) labia majora D) labia minora

D) labia minora

Which layer of the uterus is made of smooth muscle? A) mesometrium B) endometrium C) perimetrium D) myometrium

D) myometrium

Which of the following is an incorrect matching of female reproductive structures with their functions? A) uterus: fertilization of ovum by sperm B) uterine tube: transport ovum to uterus C) vagina: birth canal D) ovarian follicle: ovum (egg) production

D) ovarian follicle: ovum (egg) production Ovarian follicle is not responsible for egg production. The ovary is responsible for the production of the ovum. However, ovarian follicle is responsible for the secretion of hormone that influences phases of the menstrual cycle.

Which of the following is an effect of estrogens in females? A) promotes lactation B) suppresses the effect of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) C) promotes water loss (diuresis) D) promotes oogenesis

D) promotes oogenesis

In females, orgasm is required for fertilization. True or False

False

Oocytes complete meiosis II before they are fertilized. True or False

False Female infants are born with primary oocytes that are stalled in prophase I until puberty. At the onset of puberty, the ovaries begin oogenesis. During oogenesis, three polar bodies and one functional gamete are produced. Oogenesis is achieved through meiosis. However, the ovulated secondary oocyte arrests in metaphase II and does not complete meiosis II until it is fertilized.

The mammary glands are well developed in all females. The mammary glands are well developed in all females. True or False

False The mammary glands become active during pregnancy. In females who have never become pregnant, the ductwork is fairly rudimentary.

The membrane surrounding the ovary is the tunica albuginea. True or False

True Just like each testis, each ovary is covered in a tunica albuginea.