Final Exam
Which is caused by an autosomal dominant allele that leads to accelerated aging? A) Achondroplasia B) Tay-Sachs C) Huntington's Disease D) Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria
Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria
Electrons that occupy an orbital farther than the first is considered to be a _____________ ___________ __________.
higher energy level
Having two genes that are the same for a certain trait is called?
homozygous
An atom with a different number of electrons and protons is called an ________.
ion
During which of the following phases are sister chromatids pulled apart? A) Anaphase of Mitosis B) Anaphase I of Meiosis C) Anaphase II of Meiosis D) two of the above E) three of the above
two of the above
Fraternal twins A) develop from the same sperm cell B) develop from the same ovum C) develop from two different ova D) develop from two different sperm E) two of the above
two of the above
If a square shape (S) is completely dominant to round shape (s), then which of the following genotypes would demonstrate the square shape in phenotype? A) SS B) Ss C) ss D) two of the above E) there of the above
two of the above
Which factor(s) contribute to the success of the peacock butterfly avoiding predation? A) wingspots B) clicking, hissing noises C) poison glands D) two of the above E) three of the above
two of the above
Which of the following contribute to variation? A) Crossing over during Meiosis B) Random alignment of homologous chromosomes on the equator during Meiosis C) Asexual reproduction D) two of the above E) three of the above
two of the above
Which of the following descriptions may be applied to DNA? A) short and fat B) highly repetitive C) uniform diameter D) two of the above E) three of the above
two of the above
Which of the following events occur during prophase? A) The nuclear envelope disappears. B) The chromosomes are duplicated. C) The chromosomes condense. D) two of the above E) three of the above
two of the above
Which of the following genotypes represent the true-breeding condition? A) AA B) Aa C) aa D) two of the above E) three of the above
two of the above
Which of the following statements do you agree with? A) During embryonic development, cells should be dividing. B) When an injury occurs, cells should divide. C) All cells should divide everyday from the day we are born until the day we die! D) two of the above E) three of the above
two of the above
Which of the following statements regarding DNA is/are true? A) DNA molecules consist of two strands of DNA nucleotides. B) DNA uses ribose in its nucleotides. C) The backbone of DNA is made up of sugar-phosphate linkages. D) two of the above E) three of the above
two of the above
Which of the following statements regarding organelles is/are true? A) Prokaryotes contain numerous organelles. B) Organelles are similar to compartments. C) Organelles have specific functions. D) two of the above E) three of the above
two of the above
Which of the following subatomic particles is/are located in the nucleus of an atom? A) protons B) neutrons C) electrons D) two of the above E) three of the above
two of the above
In the snowshoe hare, the gene for melanin production works best when the animal is?
warm
HeLa cells... A) have been banned from use in medical research B) were donated to science by Henrietta Lacks with her consent C) were used in the development of the polio vaccine D) two of the above E) three of the above
were used in the development of the polio vaccine
Which of the following monosaccharides is a source of instant energy in animal cells? A) Deoxyribose B) Glucose C) Ribose D) Lactose E) Starch
Glucose
Crossing over occurs between _________________ _________________ during ____________.
- non sister chromatids - Meiosis
A pea plant that is homozygous dominant for the production of purple flowers (PP) that is crossed with a pea plant that is heterozygous for the production of purple flowers (Pp) have a _______ chance of producing an offspring with white flowers?
0%
How many vacancies are in the outermost energy level of Chlorine? Chlorine has an atomic number of 17.
1
In lecture, we practiced sketching molecular Fluorine (F2). How many pairs of electrons are shared between the two Fluorine atoms?
1
If a cell has 1,000 chromosomes and it completes mitosis and the cell cycle, how many chromosomes will be present in each of the daughter cells?
1,000
How many nuclei are visible in a cell near the end of Telophase?
2
How many of the genotypes in the list below is/are heterozygous? BB TT Bb Ff tt
2
What is the maximum number of electrons the first shell of an atom can hold?
2
A healthy human sperm cell contains how many chromosomes?
23
Elaine is heterozygous for blood type A (Ao) and Kramer is heterozygous for blood type B (Bo). What is the likely that their biological child will have blood type o?
25% chance
Each carbon atom can covalently bond with as many as _____ other atoms.
4
If a single cell completes both Meiosis I and Meiosis II and both rounds of cytoplasmic division, how many gametes will form?
4
How many autosomes does an individual with down syndrome carry?
45 autosomes
In humans, how many chromosomes are typically found in a somatic cell?
46
A germ cell with a chromosome number of 100 will produce gametes with a chromosome number of?
50
A father with Hemophilia (xY) and a carrier mother (Xx) have a ________ chance of having a son with Hemophilia?
50%
An albino father (aa) and a mother that is a carrier for albinism (Aa) have a ________ chance of having a child that is an albino?
50%
Carbon has an atomic number of 6. How many protons does an atom of carbon contain?
6
Sodium has an atomic number of 11. How many electrons does sodium need to fill up its outermost shell?
7
Two parents that have both been identified with Huntington's Disease and are heterozygous have a ________ chance of producing an offspring that will suffer from the disease.
75%
Write the genotype of each person based on the description: A) Homozygous for Type A blood: ______ B) Heterozygous for Type A blood: ______ C) Homozygous for Type B blood: ______ D) Heterozygous for Type B blood: ______ E) Type o blood: ______ F) Type "AB" blood: ______ Which blood type(s) represent codominance?
A) AA B) Ao C) BB D) Bo E) oo F)AB - Type AB
Write the genotypes for each plant: A) Pea plant that is homozygous dominant for purple flowers ________ B) Heterozygous pea plant producing purple flowers ________ C) Pea plant producing white flowers ________ Which plant(s) demonstrate complete dominance?
A) PP B) Pp C) pp -B
Write the genotype for each of the snapdragons below: A) Red snapdragon: ________ B) White snapdragon: ________ C) Pink snapdragon: ________ Which snapdragon(s) demonstrate incomplete dominance?
A) RR B) rr C) Rr - Pink snapdragon
What provides back up energy stores for animals?
Glycogen
An organelle that pinches off portions of its membrane to form a vesicle is the ________________.
Golgi Bodies
Two parents think their baby was switched at the hospital. The mother has blood type o, the father has blood type AB, and the baby has blood type B. It's 1968, so DNA testing is not available yet. A) Mother's genotype: ________ B) Father's genotype: ________ C) Baby's genotype: ________ D) Possible genotypes for children produced by this couple: ________ E) Was the baby switched?
A) oo B) AB C) BB or Bo D) Ao, Bo E) no
Mr. Chuck Waggon has Blood Type B (heterozygous-Bo) and his wife (Ella Vader) has blood type AB. What are the possible blood types of their children?
AB, Ao, BB, Bo
If the base sequence in the template strand of DNA is TCC GAT, then the base sequence in the companion strand of DNA following replication is?
AGG CTA
If a base sequence in DNA is TCA AGT the base sequence in mRNA is?
AGT TCA
What is the main energy carrier for the cell?
ATP
During what phases are sister chromatids pulled apart?
Anaphase of Mitosis and Anaphase II of Meiosis
Mr. Bill Loney is homozygous for the Type A allele (AA), and his wife (Carrie Oakey) has blood Type o (oo). What are all the possible blood types of their children?
Ao
Why are introns "snipped out" of the transcript?
Because they are nonsense regions.
If P is the allele for black hair and it is completely dominant when paired with the allele p for red hair, then what color hair would an offspring have if its genotype was Pp?
Black
Which of the following substances diffuses the fastest? A) Blue dye with a molecular weight of 250 B) Yellow dye with a molecular weight of 500 C) Purple dye with a molecular weight of 900 D) Green dye with a molecular weight of 1100
Blue dye with a molecular weight of 250
What cellular component contains the instructions for making proteins?
DNA
Which of the following seals new gaps in the newly formed DNA strand during replication? A) DNA helicase B)DNA polymerase C) DNA ligase D) RNA polymerase
DNA ligase
Which of the following statements is/are true? A) The entire DNA code is turned on all of the time in all cells. B) Skin cells produce digestive enzymes. C) DNA is a protein. D) Every single cell in your body has your entire DNA code.
Every single cell in your body has your entire DNA code.
Which structure allows a bacterium to move?
Flagellum
Which of the following is true regarding an amniocentesis? A) It can be done weeks earlier than a chorionic villi sampling. B) It uses a fiberoptic device. C) It raises the risk of miscarriage by 1%-2%. D) two of the above E) three of the above
It raises the risk of miscarriage by 1%-2%.
We discussed the importance of a cell being able to rid itself of things that wear out and cellular debris. What organelle functions as a disposal for items that a cell needs to rid itself of?
Lysosome
Which of the following statements is/are true? A) During Metaphase I, homologous pairs align themselves on the equator in an organized fashion ensuring that all maternal chromosomes are located on one side and all paternal chromosomes are located on the opposite side of the equator. B) Prophase of Mitosis involves crossing over between sister chromatids. C) Meiosis II is similar to Mitosis D) two of the above E) three of the above
Meiosis II is similar to Mitosis
Which of the following statements regarding Meiosis is true? A) A spindle will not be used. B) Only one round of replication will occur. C) Only two cells will result. D) Only one round of division will occur. E) Two of the above are true statements.
Only one round of replication will occur.
Which of the following statements is/are true? A) Washing produce with water will remove all bacteria. B) People can become infected with E. coli from eating fruits and vegetables that have contacted animal feces. C) While E. coli infection is unpleasant and can cause severe intestinal upset, it is never fatal. D) All strains of E. coli produce toxic proteins. E) None of the above statements are true.
People can become infected with E. coli from eating fruits and vegetables that have contacted animal feces.
When does crossing over occur?
Prophase I of Meiosis
Which of the following enzymes joins free floating RNA nucleotides into a mRNA chain in the order dictated by the DNA base sequence? A) DNA polymerase B) DNA helicase C) DNA ligase D) RNA polymerase
RNA polymerase
If you wanted to clone an iguana and you already have it's DNA, what would you do next?
Remove the donor DNA from a surrogate iguana egg cell
Which of the following terms or phrases may be applied to RNA? A) Double stranded B) Ribose C) Thymine D) two of the above E) three of the above
Ribose
The site where polypeptide chains are built is the _____________.
Ribosome
Who produced the first images of DNA?
Rosalind Franklin
Which of the following is/are examples of ionic bonds? A) Molecular hydrogen B) Molecular oxygen C) Salt D) Water E) Two of the above
Salt
Term applies to the recessive disorder caused by mutations in the genes for lysosomes enzymes
Tay-Sachs
Which allele for flower color is dominant in garden pea plants?
The allele for the production of purple flowers.
A dialysis bag containing 25% sucrose solution is placed in a beaker containing 100 mls of distilled water. What will happen to the dialysis bag?
The bag will gain weight
Which of the following statements is/are true regarding water? A) The polarity of water molecules allows them to form hydrogen bonds with each other. B) Nonpolar substances are hydrophilic. C) Water is not a good solvent. D) Water is not cohesive.
The polarity of water molecules allows them to form hydrogen bonds with each other.
Which of the following statements regarding Metaphase is/are true? A) The chromatids are aligned at the equator. B) The chromatids are pulled apart. C) The spindle aligns the chromatids. D) The nuclear envelope reappears. E) The spindle aligns the chromatids on the equator.
The spindle aligns the chromatids on the equator.
During __________________ single stranded molecules of RNA are assembled from DNA templates in the nucleus.
Transcription
Which of the following statements is/are true regarding mercury? A) Mercury tends to bioaccumulate in the smallest fish in the ocean. B) Mercury can damage the nervous system, brain, kidneys, and other organs. C) Methylmercury can be removed by cooking. D) Two of the above E) Three of the above
Two of the above
Olive oil is considered to be a healthy fat and research indicates that it is better to replace unhealthier fats like butter with olive oil. How would you classify olive oil? A) Saturated B) Unsaturated
Unsaturated
The contrasting forms of the trait that Mendel examined in his pea plants were
White and purple flowers
Which of the following genotypes best represents an individual with Klinefelter syndrome? A) XX B) XO C) XXY D) XYY E) multiple X
XXY
Unstable atoms that have a strong tendency to interact with other atoms are called _________ __________________.
free radicals
mature reproductive cells
gametes
Each gamete contains ________________ chromosomes as a body cell.
half as many
Binge drinking increases the likelihood of... A) unprotected sex B) date rape C) accident D) assault E) all of the above
all of the above
Which of the following may lead to a mutation in DNA? A) Exposure to UV radiation B) Exposure to X-rays C) smoking D) all of the above
all of the above
Which of the following might contribute to the formation of free radicals? A) exposure to UV radiation B) exposure to air pollution C) smoking D) all of the above E) none of the above
all of the above
Which of the following statements regarding Anaphase is/are true? A) The chromatids get pulled apart. B) The chromatids migrate to opposite poles. C) Each chromatid is referred to as a chromosome once it separates from its sister. D) all of the above
all of the above
the same genes in different forms
alleles
The region around an atom's nucleus where electrons are likely to be at any one instant is called _______________.
an orbital
In the periodic table, symbols for the elements are arranged according to ____________ ___________________.
atomic number
Which of the following organisms may be classified as a prokaryote? A) fly B) rose C) human D) bacterium E) two of the above
bacterium
The smallest unit of life that can exist as a separate entity is a ________.
cell
What term refers to judging information before accepting it as fact?
critical thinking
All of the following will strengthen a scientific theory except A) repetitions of experiments B) increased observations C) time D) faith E) confirmation by many scientists
faith
True/False: Active transport moves molecules with (or down) their concentration gradient.
false
True/False: Bacteria lack DNA.
false
True/False: DNA replication takes place on the ribosome.
false
True/False: In osmosis, water crosses a semipermeable membrane and moves to the hypotonic side.
false
Predict what would happen if an environmental change occurred and caused the death of one member of an asexual reproducing population. A) it is highly probable that a few other members of the population would die B) it is highly probable that no other members of the population would die C) it is highly probable that all members of the population will die D) it is impossible to make a prediction on one member of the population
it is highly probable that all members of the population will die
during meiosis members of each pair of genes on homologous chromosomes end up in different gametes
law of segregation
Human skin color variation... A) may be explained as the result of a trait that is linked to a single gene pair or a Mendelian inheritance pattern B) may be explained by the influence of many gene pairs on a trait or a Polygenic inheritance pattern
may be explained by the influence of many gene pairs on a trait or a Polygenic inheritance pattern
a process that divides the chromosomes in a cell in half in preparation for gamete formation
meiosis
Which of the following phrases or terms may be associated with lactose? A) monosaccharide B) milk sugar C) nucleic acid D) hemoglobin E) two of the above
milk sugar
Which organelle did we refer to as the "powerhouse of the cell" because it generates energy?
mitochondrion
cross between two individuals who are heterozygous for one gene (Aa x Aa)
monohybrid cross
The region in a bacterial cell where a single, circular DNA molecule is located is called the _______________.
nucleoid
The dense region of the nucleus where ribosomes are assembled is called the ________________. We called this the "little nucleus."
nucleolus
The small circles of DNA that contains a few genes is called the ______________.
plasmid
We discussed HCl in lecture. What type of bond occurs between the two atoms hydrogen and chlorine?
polar covalent
a diagram used in cross experiments to predict the genetic outcome
punnett square
A gene that is hidden when the dominant gene is present is/are referred to as?
recessive gene
Ricin comes from A) the leaves of the tobacco plant B) milk of a coconut C) seeds of the castor-oil plant D) saliva of the mosquito
seeds of the castor-oil plant
fusion of gametes from two parents
sexual reproduction
cells of the body, as opposed to sexual reproduction
somatic
Red blood cells placed in distilled water (pure water) will ___________ in size.
swell
a method of determining genotype of an individual with a dominant phenotype- individuals with a dominant trait but an unknown genotype are crossed with an individual that is homozygous for a recessive allele
test cross
Where and when does replication take place?
the nucleus, before a cell divides
Telomerase A) counteracts the loss of telomere sequence B) is found in stem cells C) allows some cells to divide indefinitely D) two of the above E) three of the above
three of the above
The characteristics of cancer cells include A) cancerous cells grow and divide abnormally B) cancerous cells have leaky membranes C) cancerous cells have a weakened capacity for adhesion and easily break away and move to other sites D) two of the above E) three of the above
three of the above
True/False: A cell membrane has openings small enough to allow water molecules to pass but it will not allow larger things like salt molecules to freely pass.
true
True/False: A saltwater fish is hypertonic to a freshwater environment.
true
True/False: Diffusion occurs more rapidly at higher temperatures.
true
True/False: During SCNT (Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer) the embryo is transplanted into a surrogate mother.
true
True/False: Eating as little as 0.4 teaspoons of hydrogenated vegetable oil increases health risks.
true
True/False: Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes.
true
True/False: Men cannot be carriers for Hemophilia.
true
True/False: Most sex-linked traits are on the X chromosome.
true
True/False: Nucleotides can function as energy carriers, information carriers, and enzyme helpers.
true
True/False: Repair mechanisms cannot fix a mutation after the altered strand has been replicated.
true
True/False: The USDA recalled billions of dollars of contaminated products in 2011.
true
True/False: The specific sequence of amino acids is what makes one protein different from another.
true
True/False: The two strands of DNA are held together by hydrogen bonds between the base pairs.
true
True/False: Unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds that makes them less flexible.
true