Final Exam Review (ALL) ALHS1040: Introduction to Health Care

A Tb skin test result greater than ______ is considered positive.

10 mm

Scientists have determined that certain germs can multiply every ________ minutes.

20

T-cells (CD4 cells) count less than 200 indicates what?

AIDS

The acronym AVPU stands for:

Alert, Verbal, Painful, Unresponsive

Tuberculosis is an infection that can be found in the: Lungs Bones and joints Kidneys All of the above

All of the above

Hepatitis __________ are co-infections, and can only be found in conjunction with the primary virus.

B and D

In addition to discovering colds could be passed from one person to another ___________, was an inventor who invented bifocals.

Benjamin Franklin

What site is palpated to assess circulation in an unconscious infant?

Brachial

Where did HIV come from?

Chimpanzees in Africa

Which physician stressed the value of anatomy and founded experimental physiology, stating that arteries contained blood and not air as previously believed?

Claudius Galen

Pathogens require favorable conditions in order to thrive. These conditions can include: Cold temperature Darkness Warmth Nutrients Moisture Dry environment

Darkness Warmth Nutrients Moisture

If a health insurance company wishes to dispose of documents that are a combination of PHI and billing information, which statement below would be the BEST way to accomplish this?

Destroy documents in a manner that leaves no possibility for reconstruction of information.

Gloves primarily protect against diseases transmitted by:

Direct contact

The process that inactivates all recognized pathogenic microorganisms, but not all microbial forms is called:

Disinfection

Who was the well-known Michigan physician who believed in and assisted more than 100 patients end their lives?

Dr. Kevorkian

Which of the following is not an early symptom of myocardial infarction (heart attack)? Chest pain Nausea Pressure in the upper back Elevated temperature

Elevated temperature

The first female physician was

Elizabeth Blackwell

I can look up my test results if I work at the facility performing the test and I have access to this information. (T/F)

False

Mrs. Jones calls from your doctor's office and leaves a message on your voicemail stating that you need to call and make an appointment to come in and have your ear discharge checked. By doing this she has NOT violated HIPAA. (T/F)

False

The symptoms of VRE are the same regardless of where the infection is located.

False

You are writing notes in a patient's chart and make a mistake. It is okay to use "white out" and correct your mistake. (T/F)

False

You hear two nurses on an elevator talking about a patient you are treating. They don't say the patient's name but you are aware of who the patient is by the circumstance of the case description. This is not a violation of HIPAA. (T/F)

False

There is NO treatment for HIV infection. (T/F)

False, there are treatment for HIV infection.

There is a vaccine available for Hepatitis E (T/F)

False, there's no vaccine for hepatitis E

Which of the following is NOT a bloodborne pathogen? HIV HBV HAV HCV

HAV

The MOST important element of infection control is

Handwashing

HIPAA meaning

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act

The forceful thrust on the abdomen administered for a person who is choking is often referred to as:

Heimlich maneuver

________ is a viral disease of the liver resulting in inflammation and infection.

Hepatitis

A disease that is transmitted through oral - fecal route usually by ingesting contaminated food and water is called

Hepatitis A

Vaccinations against hepatitis are available for:

Hepatitis A & B

HBV stands for

Hepatitis B virus.

Which Ancient Greek is considered the Father of (Western) Medicine?

Hippocrates

Which historic figure was responsible for making handwashing an accepted practice which resulted in the decreased incidence of childbed (puerperal) fever?

Ignaz Semmelweiss

An open wound with smooth edges that bleeds freely is a(n):

Incision

Betty McDaniels, a patient in the medical office where you work, has signed an advance directive. This form is a statement that - Includes specific requests in the event that she is unable to make critical decisions regarding her care - Allows the physician to perform life-saving procedures without fear of litigation - Gives the health care professional the authority to make health care decisions if the patient should be unable to do so - Protects the patient's health care information - Allows the physician to discuss health care information with family members

Includes specific requests in the event that she is unable to make critical decisions regarding her care

The I in HIPAA stands for ____________

Insurance

The Ancient Chinese introduced the concept of _______, ______ and _______ which has become the basis of the modern day physical exam.

Look, Listen and Ask

Who discovered that microorganisms were everywhere and also developed a process for preventing the growth of bacteria in milk?

Louis Pasteur

Different between medical asepsis and surgical asepsis

Medical asepsis. All of the procedures used to protect the patient and his environment from the spread of infectious organisms. Surgical asepsis. All of the procedures used to sterilize and to keep sterile any objects or articles that are to be introduced into a wound or body cavity or that is to penetrate the skin.

The causative agent (bacteria) in TB is:

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Failure to take reasonable precautions to prevent harm to a patient is termed

Negligence

You have a trauma patient who is experiencing deficits in sensation and has signs of head and spinal cord injury. You are concerned that the patient may go into ________ shock

Neurogenic

What federal agency established standards for safe handling of items contaminated with blood or body fluids that must be followed by all health care facilities?

Occupational Health & Safety Administration (OSHA)

The ACT that ensures patients are informed of their rights and have the opportunity to determine their care they will receive, including preparing advance directives is called the

Patient Self Determination Act

Patients have the right to make decisions about their health care. This can include whether or not they choose to receive treatment. This is known as:

Patient autonomy

The P in HIPAA stands for which of the following?

Portability

During the Renaissance, which invention allowed medical knowledge to be more easily dispersed and shared, thus advancing medical practice and discoveries?

Printing press

Who invented the first stethoscope?

Rene Lannec

HIV is an infectious virus that causes the immune system, which is the body's shield against infection, to break down and eventually become ineffective. It does this by attacking ________ cells, which fight disease.

T Cells

Who was the first to organize medical care in the form of the first hospitals?

The Romans

A POSITIVE test for Hepatitis A indicates

The presence of antibodies IgM and IgG

A brain injury can cause meningitis (T/F)

True

Patient confidentiality can be broken, if necessary, to report suspected abuse. (T/F)

True

The signs of shock are the same regardless of the type of shock (T/F)

True

What's VRE?

Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (Enterococcus that are resistant to the antibiotic vancomycin)

What virus causes shingles?

Varicella-zoster virus

Who discovered x-rays?

Wilhelm Röntgen

If amputation occurs and the patient is brought to the physician's office, call EMS and arrange transport to the hospital. If the amputated body part is with the patient, you should do which one of the following?

Wrap the body part with gauze and place in a cooler with ice

The type of burn caused when the skin or mucous membrane comes into contact with a corrosive substance is

a chemical burn

The least serious type of open wound is referred to as

an abrasion

________ is the main form of treatment regimen that helps to delay the progression of the HIV disease and to improve the quality of life for those living with the symptoms.

antiviral therapy

An important quality of health care professionals is integrity, which means that they:

are always honest.

Which of the following is an example of an open wound?

avulsion

One of your patients has the most severe/ life threatening form of meningitis. The type he/she has is:

bacterial meningitis

A CNA is given the task of taking vital signs on an elderly client. The client tells the CNA that she doesn't want the procedure done. The client then strikes the CNA when she tried to put the cuff on anyway. Under criminal law, what is the CNA is guilty of?

battery

When rinsing hands and wrists during medical aseptic handwashing, the hands should be held:

below the elbows

When taking blood pressure in adults, the artery most commonly used is the

brachial

A slower than normal respiration rate is called

bradypnea

Medical asepsis is commonly called

clean technique

What is an vector-borne disease?

diseases are transmitted among their human, animal, or plant hosts by arthropods (tick, spider, etc)

An anaphylactic reaction is initially treated with

epinephrine

Hepatitis A & E are transmitted by:

fecal-oral transmission

Your privacy rights protecting your health information is legislated by which type of law?

federal

If you have latent TB, you:

have the bacteria in your body but it is not active

Typical symptoms of heat stroke include

hot, flushed, dry skin

The emergency treatment for a victim with a suspected cervical spine injury is to

immobilize the spine immediately

The hepatitis B immunization series is administered

in three injections

Patients' bodily fluids should ALWAYS be considered

infectious

Health care professionals should be familiar with the code of ethics for their occupational area in order to: -ensure that they follow the laws that apply to their occupations. -stay within their scope of practice. -avoid malpractice lawsuits. -know the ideal standards of behavior for their occupations.

know the ideal standards of behavior for their occupations.

Shock results from

lack of oxygen to individual body cells.

Anton van Leeuwenhoek discovered the first __________ after inventing the first ___________.

microorganisms; microscope

What are the cardinal signs of inflammation?

pain, swelling, redness, warmth

PPE stands for

personal protective equipment

What are the guiding principles of healthcare ethics?

preserve life uphold justice respect autonomy

The main reason to immobilize a fracture is to

prevent further injury.

Where an organism/pathogen grows and reproduces is called the

reservoir host

In an emergency situation, the first part of the primary survey is to assess the victim's

responsiveness

The HIV virus is a

retrovirus (RNA virus that inserts a DNA copy of their genome into the host cell in order to replicate)

Anaphylactic reactions result from

severe allergic reactions

Bacteria are categorized according to their:

shape and arrangement

Pale skin may be the result of

shock

Every health care professional is likely to face occasional ethical dilemmas, which are:

situations in which there are no clear answers.

You need to diagnose a case of meningitis. The best way to do this is to perform a:

spinal tap

The recognized international symbol of medicine used by organizations such as WHO (World Health Organization) is the:

staff of Asclepius

The most effective method of destroying microorganisms is

sterilization

A faster than normal respiration rate is called

tachypnea

The term meaning "the degree to which a microorganism can cause disease" is:

virulence

In an emergency situation, the focused or secondary survey includes assessment of

vital signs.

From what material was the first stethoscope made?

wood