FINAL EXAM SEMESTER 2 QUIZ QUESTIONS

1) Which level of ecological study focuses the most on abiotic factors? A) speciation ecology B) population ecology C) community ecology D) ecosystem ecology

D

2) All bilaterally symmetrical invertebrates exhibit cephalization with both a CNS and PNS but vary in the complexity of their nervous systems. This variation is closely linked with their __________. A) phylogenetic relationships, such as which phylum they belong to B) developmental pathways; whether they follow deuterostome or protostome development C) evolutionary age; whether they are early or late branching in the phylogenetic tree D) life history characteristics, such as feeding and motility E) None of the above

D

3) Besides sunlight, which would be the next most important climatic factors that effect the distribution of terrestrial plants? A) wind and fire B) moisture and wind C) temperature and wind D) temperature and moisture

D

3) The difference between presynaptic cells and postsynaptic cells is that ________. A) presynaptic cells are always neurons and postsynaptic cells are always muscle, or gland cell B) presynaptic cells can only generate nerve signals and postsynaptic cells can only receive not send signals C) presynaptic cells are all part of the PNS and postsynaptic cells are all part of the CNS D) presynaptic and postsynaptic cells can be neurons but only postsynaptic cells can be muscle or gland cells E) None of the above

D

2) A stickleback fish will attack a fish model as long as the model has red coloring. What animal behavior is manifested by this observation? A) Fixed Action Pattern with sign stimulus B) Cognition with trial and error learning C) Imprinting during a sensitive period D) Classical conditioning E) None of the above

A

3) To maintain homeostasis most marine vertebrates must ________. A) drink large amounts of seawater and eliminating the ingested salts B) drink almost no seawater and excrete large amounts of dilute urine C) take in large amounts of solutes/salts through diffusion and eliminate excess water D) eat moist food and producing water metabolically to maintain water balance

A

3) Which of the following groups would be most likely to exhibit uniform dispersion? A) red squirrels, who actively defend territories B) cattails, which grow primarily at edges of lakes and streams C) dwarf mistletoes, which parasitize a particular tree species within a forest D) lake trout, which seek out cold, deep water with high dissolved oxygen content

A

4) During exponential growth, a population always _____. A) grows at its maximum per capita rate B) quickly reaches its carrying capacity C) cycles through fast and slow growth through time D) loses some individuals to emigration

A

4) The necropsy (postmortem analysis) of a freshwater fish that died after being placed accidentally in saltwater would likely show that _____. A) loss of water by osmosis from cells in vital organs resulted in cell death and organ failure B) high amounts of salt had diffused into the fish's cells, causing them to swell and burst C) the kidneys were not able to keep up with the water removal necessary in this hyperosmotic environment, creating an irrevocable loss of homeostasis D) the gills became encrusted with salt, resulting in inadequate gas exchange and a resulting asphyxiation

A

4) Through trial and error, a rat learns to run a maze without mistakes to receive a food reward. This kind of behavior best fits with which term? A) Operant conditioning B) Agonistic behavior C) Innate behavior D) Imprinting E) Altruistic behavior

A

1) A population is defined as having which of the following characteristics? 1. inhabiting the same general area 2. belonging to the same species 3. possessing a constant and uniform density and dispersion 4. growing at a constant rate A) 1 only B) 1 and 2 C) 2 and 3 D) 3 and 4

B

1) To maintain homeostasis freshwater fish must _____. A) excrete large quantities of solutes/salts B) consume large quantities of water C) excrete large quantities of water D) take in solutes/salts through diffusion

C

2) A cell with membrane-bound proteins that selectively bind a specific hormone is called that hormone's _____. A) secretory cell B) endocrine cell C) target cell D) regulatory cell

C

2) Compared to the seawater around them, most marine invertebrates are _____. A) hyperosmotic B) hypoosmotic C) isoosmotic D) hyperosmotic and isoosmotic

C

2) The point of connection between two communicating neurons is called the _____. A) axon hillock B) dendrite C) synapse D) cell body E) None of the above

C

3) Which of the following is an example of cryptic coloration? A) the red bands on a coral snake B) brown or gray color of tree bark C) the orange markings of a viceroy butterfly's wings D) a brown "walking stick" insect that resembles a twig

D

5) What is the only type of chemical signal that does not alter the physiology of the animal producing that signal? A) neural B) paracrine C) neuroendocrine D) pheromones

D

1) In community ecology the symbols +, -, and 0 are to be used to show the results of interactions between individuals and groups of individuals. What interactions exist between a predator and its prey? A) +/+ B) +/- C) 0/0 D) -/-

B

1) The highly branched extensions of a neuron that often receive signals from other neurons are called _______. A) Cell bodies B) Dendrites C) Axons D) Axon hillocks E) Glia

B

1) The proximate causes of behavior are interactions with the environment, but behavior is ultimately shaped by _____. A) hormones B) evolution C) pheromones D) the nervous system

B

2) Generally speaking, desert biomes are defined by _____. A) their location in tropical areas B) low precipitation C) having relatively high temperatures D) being home to few tree species E) B & C

B

2) In community ecology the symbols +, -, and 0 are to be used to show the results of interactions between individuals and groups of individuals. What interactions exist between a parasitic tick on a dog and the host dog? A) +/0 B) +/- C) 0/0 D) -/-

B

2) Random spacing patterns seen in many plant species are most often associated with _____. A) varying patterns of soil humidity B) the random distribution of seeds C) competitive interaction between individuals of the same population for resources D) the varying concentration of soil nutrients within the population's range

B

3) Paracrine signaling differs from endocrine signaling in that paracrine signaling ________. A) is used to send chemicale signals outside the body B) only utilizes diffusion to transmit the chemical signals C) utilizes electrical impulses as well as chemical signals D) can have different affects on different cell types, while endocrine signals are more spesific E) None of the above

B

4) The divisions of the nervous system that have opposing actions are _____. A) motor and sensory systems B) sympathetic and parasympathetic systems C) presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes D) central nervous system and peripheral nervous system

B

5) A terrestrial biome with the following features, equatorial and subequatorial distribution, a long dry season lasting the majority of the year, high average temperatures and vegetation dominated by grasses, would best be defined as a ____________. A) Desert B) Savanna C) Temperate Grassland D) Tundra E) None of the above

B

1) Cephalization and a central nervous system is lacking in invertebrates that have _____. A) a complete gut B) bilateral symmetry C) radial symmetry D) a closed circulatory system

C

1) The endocrine system and the nervous system both function in internal signaling. The two systems differ in that ________. A) the nervous system uses chemical signals to distribute internal signals to multiple body systems B) the endocrine system sends signals along dedicated pathways to target signals to specific cells C) the endocrine system secretes hormones into extracellular fluids which are then carried by the blood stream to reach their targets D) A and B

C

3) All efferent neurons__________. A) carries signals to skeletal muscles B) carries signals to the autonomic nervous system C) transmit information away from the CNS D) transmit information to the CNS E) B & C

C

3) Which of the following is required for a behavioral trait to evolve by natural selection? A) The behavior is determined entirely by genes. B) The behavior is the same in all individuals in the population. C) An individual's reproductive success depends in part on how the behavior is performed. D) The behavior is not genetically inherited.

C

4) In a neuron at resting potential, an example of a ion that is more abundant in the cytosol of the neuron than it is in the interstitial fluid outside the neuron is _____. A) Cl- B) Ca++ C) K+ D) Na+ E) None of the above

C

4) Wetlands are standing bodies of freshwater, just like lakes and ponds. However, wetlands are different from lakes and ponds because wetlands _____. A) have higher temperatures than lakes and ponds B) have oxygen-rich water C) may only be seasonally inundated with water D) don't have emergent vegetation

C

4) Which of the following statements is consistent with the principle of competitive exclusion? A) The random distribution of one competing species will have a positive impact on the population growth of the other competing species. B) Two species with the same fundamental niche will exclude all other competing species. C) A reproductive advantage can eventually lead to the elimination of the less well adapted of two competing species. D) Natural selection tends to increase competition between related species.

C

5) Based on the intermediate disturbance hypothesis, a community's species diversity is increased by _____. A) frequent massive disturbance B) stable conditions with no disturbance C) moderate levels of disturbance D) intensive disturbance by humans

C

5) One of the waste products that is produced during cellular functions is carbon dioxide. It is removed via the respiratory system. What is another waste product that is produced during normal physiological functions in vertebrates? I) ammonia II) uric acid III) urea A) only I and III B) only II and III C) only I and II D) I, II, and III

D

5) Which of the following is true of innate behaviors? Innate behaviors _____. A) are only weakly influenced by genes B) occur in invertebrates and some vertebrates but not mammals C) are limited to invertebrate animals D) are unchangingly expressed in most individuals in a population

D

4) When specialized neurosecretory cells secrete neurohormone molecules into the bloodsteam and these travel to target cells via the circulatory system this type of signaling is called __________________. A) Paracrine signaling B) Autocrine signaling C) Endocrine Signaling D) Synaptic Signaling E) None of the above

E

5) Preparation for the fight-or-flight response includes activation of the _____ nervous system A) sympathetic B) autonomic C) central D) parasympathetic E) A & B

E