Final Exam STCO 622 (2022)
Research suggests that male leaders are, on average, ____________ than female leaders.
more autocratic
What is the term for someone who investigates complaints and mediates fair settlements between aggrieved parties?
ombudsman
According to the path-goal theory of leadership, the two types of situational factors that influence how leaders should behave are
personal characteristics of the subordinates and environmental characteristics.
_________ communication is anything that is not official, such as gossip or another employee's question about how to do something.
Informal
Which of the following is NOT true of negotiation?
It is fairly consistent across cultures.
Which of the following statements is NOT true about personal power?
Leaders with strong personal power should avoid using position power.
The vertical axis of the Leadership Grid represents concern for
People
The desire to control, influence, or be responsible for others is called a need for
Power
If a Japanese firm were to send an executive to head up the firm's operations in the United States, the executive would likely need to
change his or her leadership style.
________ conflict is a disagreement about what the goals should be.
Task
According to the Leadership Grid, who would be the most effective leader?
The manager who always chats with employees and constantly strives to improve worker production
A centralized organization concentrates decision making at the top of its hierarchy.
True
A manager who exhibits employee-centered leader behaviors pays attention to the human aspects of the group.
True
Adjusting organizational design often reduces or eliminates structural conflict.
True
Advances in information processing and communication have paralleled each other.
True
Either too much or too little conflict may result in low performance.
True
Employees who contribute to the change in any way need to be rewarded.
True
If there is much employee participation in decision making, the organization structure is decentralized, regardless of the nature of the decisions being made.
True
Intranets that contain "like it or not?" feedback tools and features that allow employees to contribute reflect a participative culture that values employee contributions.
True
It's impossible for managers to create effective communities of practice, only the conditions necessary for them to exist.
True
Jargon is a specialized or technical language of a trade, profession, or social group.
True
Managers should take a holistic view of the organization and the change project in order to successfully manage change and development.
True
Many leaders today are being asked to change how they manage people -- to become coaches.
True
Not all firms have cultural values that are consistent with high performance.
True
One downside of a high division of labor is that it tends to isolate employees.
True
One of the key purposes of organizational communication is to share information with members of the organization.
True
People generally use political behavior in an attempt to obtain and use power.
True
Reducing uncertainty is one very effective technique for restraining the impact of political behavior.
True
Research indicates that individuals who attribute outcomes to their own behavior may be more satisfied with a participative leader.
True
Resolving conflicts of interest often increases creativity.
True
Responsibility cannot be delegated down to others, but authority can.
True
Simply being aware of the causes and techniques of political behavior can help a manager check their effects.
True
Symbolic stories effectively transmit the complex concepts of an organization's culture.
True
Taking over a leadership role from a prior charismatic leader can be extremely challenging.
True
The end result of using Vroom's decision tree is a recommended decision style based on the situation.
True
The median age in the United States has gradually increased over the last several decades.
True
The path-goal theory has its roots in the expectancy theory of motivation.
True
Unlike LPC theory, path-goal theory assumes that leaders can change their behaviors and exhibit a variety of leadership styles.
True
Verification that the message has been understood correctly occurs during the feedback portion of communication.
True
Tasks that are complex, nonroutine, and ambiguous are considered to be
Unstructured
Individual task and organizational characteristics that tend to outweigh the leader's ability to affect subordinates' satisfaction and performance are called
leadership substitutes.
Which of the following is NOT true about strong cultures?
they usually reduce organizational performance
The structure of an organization is defined as
A system of task, reporting, and authority relationships.
Managers may enhance their referent power by
All of these
Which of the following is NOT a goal of team building?
All of these are goals of team building.
All of the following are mechanisms that can affect the socialization of workers EXCEPT
All of these are mechanisms.
What emotions are most likely to fuel relationship conflict?
Anger and frustration
Which conflict resolution strategy embodies a "Nobody wins, nobody loses" mindset?
Avoiding
Which of the following recommendations would NOT help someone to be more persuasive?
Begin with a hard sell
Generation X includes people who were born
Between 1960 and 1980
A company that wants to promote a culture of openness and teamwork should ensure that its intranet has a
Broad scope
Southwest Airlines has a(n) __________ conflict culture.
Collaborative
Which conflict resolution strategy requires both sides to sacrifice something in order to end the conflict?
Compromising
If a subunit's work can be outsourced, that unit's power
Decreases
A ________ is a collection of functions organized around a particular geographic area, product or service, or market.
Division
____ is the extent to which workers in an organization specialize as opposed to performing a variety of tasks as generalists.
Division of labor
According to Vroom, a manager who presents the problem to the group at a meeting, defines the problem and its boundaries, and then facilitates group member discussion as members make the decision is using a _________ style of subordinate participation.
Facilitate
A dominating conflict culture is passive and disagreeable.
False
A person is usually both a manager and a leader.
False
Centralization is the system of reporting relationships in the organization.
False
Charismatic leaders are always ethical leaders of large organizations.
False
Female leaders tend to be more nurturing and supportive than male leaders.
False
High self-monitors tend to present consistent images of themselves regardless of the situation.
False
Implied verbal and nonverbal cues are least important when managers engage in cross-cultural communications.
False
Noise can occur only during the encoding and decoding steps of the communication process.
False
Nonverbal communication only includes elements related to personal characteristics.
False
Power and influence are essentially interchangeable terms.
False
Reward power is limited to material rewards such as pay or work assignments.
False
Strategic leadership may be seen as an extension of the transactional leadership role.
False
Strong organizational cultures are always better than weak organizational cultures.
False
The final step in the continuous change process model involves recognizing and defining a problem.
False
The first step of Lewin's model of planned change involves refreezing.
False
The purpose of organizational structure is to appeal to external competitors.
False
The results of arbitration are legally binding.
False
Training, motivation, and professionalism are among the group characteristics that may substitute for leadership.
False
Union-management relationships are a classic example of horizontal conflict.
False
When an organization's enacted values contradict its espoused values, new employees adopt the espoused values.
False
When mediating a conflict, you should ask leading questions.
False
Which of the following statements about feedback is FALSE?
Feedback can be written or oral, but not nonverbal.
Charismatic leadership may create which of the following ethical concerns?
Followers engage in inappropriate behaviors because of blind faith in the leader.
In a ____________, all functional activities are controlled by a product group at headquarters; local managers do not usually provide input into product decisions and are involved only in local administrative, legal, and financial affairs.
Global product division structure
Which source of individual resistance to change is grounded in the fact that it is easier to do a job the same way every day, and learning an entirely new set of steps makes the job more difficult?
Habit
A flatter, team-based structure is appropriate for firms that rely on
Highly skilled workers
_________ communication occurs when someone in an organization communicates with others at the same organizational level.
Horizontal
How much does corporate America invest in management development?
Hundreds of millions of dollars
In a _________ culture, if an employee asks a manager for a raise and the answer is no, the manager might explicitly say no.
Low-context
When a third party facilitates a discussion using persuasion and logic, suggests alternatives, establishes each side's priorities, and suggests a nonbinding settlement, the process is called
Mediation
The group of people born between 1980 and 2000 are called
Millennials
What term refers to work completed by traveling employees who use technology to communicate with the office as necessary from places such as client offices, airports, cars, and hotels?
Mobile Work
Which of the following is NOT a "tell" that someone is using impression management?
More hand gesturing
_________ is the process through which employees learn about their organization's culture.
Organizational socialization
All of the following are examples of body language EXCEPT
Shouting
In a ______________ culture, employee values and behaviors are consistent with the organization's values, and the culture is resistant to change.
Strone positive
Which of the following is a system-wide organization development involving a major restructuring of the organization or institution of new programs?
Structural change
Vroom's decision tree approach to leadership focuses on which aspect of leader behavior?
Subordinate participation in decision making
Formal communications CANNOT be which one of the following?
any of these can be formal communications
Which type of multinational organizational structure works best when both global integration and local responsiveness are needed?
global transnational division structure
Which of the following can act as a leadership neutralizer?
high group cohesiveness
The leader-member exchange model (LMX)
stresses the importance of variable relationships between supervisors and their subordinates.
A major difference between the behavioral approach and the LPC theory of leadership is that
the LPC theory contends a leader's effectiveness depends on the situation.