Final Exam STCO 622 (2022)

Research suggests that male leaders are, on average, ____________ than female leaders.

more autocratic

What is the term for someone who investigates complaints and mediates fair settlements between aggrieved parties?

ombudsman

According to the path-goal theory of leadership, the two types of situational factors that influence how leaders should behave are

personal characteristics of the subordinates and environmental characteristics.

_________ communication is anything that is not official, such as gossip or another employee's question about how to do something.

Informal

Which of the following is NOT true of negotiation?

It is fairly consistent across cultures.

Which of the following statements is NOT true about personal power?

Leaders with strong personal power should avoid using position power.

The vertical axis of the Leadership Grid represents concern for

People

The desire to control, influence, or be responsible for others is called a need for

Power

If a Japanese firm were to send an executive to head up the firm's operations in the United States, the executive would likely need to

change his or her leadership style.

________ conflict is a disagreement about what the goals should be.

Task

According to the Leadership Grid, who would be the most effective leader?

The manager who always chats with employees and constantly strives to improve worker production

A centralized organization concentrates decision making at the top of its hierarchy.

True

A manager who exhibits employee-centered leader behaviors pays attention to the human aspects of the group.

True

Adjusting organizational design often reduces or eliminates structural conflict.

True

Advances in information processing and communication have paralleled each other.

True

Either too much or too little conflict may result in low performance.

True

Employees who contribute to the change in any way need to be rewarded.

True

If there is much employee participation in decision making, the organization structure is decentralized, regardless of the nature of the decisions being made.

True

Intranets that contain "like it or not?" feedback tools and features that allow employees to contribute reflect a participative culture that values employee contributions.

True

It's impossible for managers to create effective communities of practice, only the conditions necessary for them to exist.

True

Jargon is a specialized or technical language of a trade, profession, or social group.

True

Managers should take a holistic view of the organization and the change project in order to successfully manage change and development.

True

Many leaders today are being asked to change how they manage people -- to become coaches.

True

Not all firms have cultural values that are consistent with high performance.

True

One downside of a high division of labor is that it tends to isolate employees.

True

One of the key purposes of organizational communication is to share information with members of the organization.

True

People generally use political behavior in an attempt to obtain and use power.

True

Reducing uncertainty is one very effective technique for restraining the impact of political behavior.

True

Research indicates that individuals who attribute outcomes to their own behavior may be more satisfied with a participative leader.

True

Resolving conflicts of interest often increases creativity.

True

Responsibility cannot be delegated down to others, but authority can.

True

Simply being aware of the causes and techniques of political behavior can help a manager check their effects.

True

Symbolic stories effectively transmit the complex concepts of an organization's culture.

True

Taking over a leadership role from a prior charismatic leader can be extremely challenging.

True

The end result of using Vroom's decision tree is a recommended decision style based on the situation.

True

The median age in the United States has gradually increased over the last several decades.

True

The path-goal theory has its roots in the expectancy theory of motivation.

True

Unlike LPC theory, path-goal theory assumes that leaders can change their behaviors and exhibit a variety of leadership styles.

True

Verification that the message has been understood correctly occurs during the feedback portion of communication.

True

Tasks that are complex, nonroutine, and ambiguous are considered to be

Unstructured

Individual task and organizational characteristics that tend to outweigh the leader's ability to affect subordinates' satisfaction and performance are called

leadership substitutes.

Which of the following is NOT true about strong cultures?

they usually reduce organizational performance

The structure of an organization is defined as

A system of task, reporting, and authority relationships.

Managers may enhance their referent power by

All of these

Which of the following is NOT a goal of team building?

All of these are goals of team building.

All of the following are mechanisms that can affect the socialization of workers EXCEPT

All of these are mechanisms.

What emotions are most likely to fuel relationship conflict?

Anger and frustration

Which conflict resolution strategy embodies a "Nobody wins, nobody loses" mindset?

Avoiding

Which of the following recommendations would NOT help someone to be more persuasive?

Begin with a hard sell

Generation X includes people who were born

Between 1960 and 1980

A company that wants to promote a culture of openness and teamwork should ensure that its intranet has a

Broad scope

Southwest Airlines has a(n) __________ conflict culture.

Collaborative

Which conflict resolution strategy requires both sides to sacrifice something in order to end the conflict?

Compromising

If a subunit's work can be outsourced, that unit's power

Decreases

A ________ is a collection of functions organized around a particular geographic area, product or service, or market.

Division

____ is the extent to which workers in an organization specialize as opposed to performing a variety of tasks as generalists.

Division of labor

According to Vroom, a manager who presents the problem to the group at a meeting, defines the problem and its boundaries, and then facilitates group member discussion as members make the decision is using a _________ style of subordinate participation.

Facilitate

A dominating conflict culture is passive and disagreeable.

False

A person is usually both a manager and a leader.

False

Centralization is the system of reporting relationships in the organization.

False

Charismatic leaders are always ethical leaders of large organizations.

False

Female leaders tend to be more nurturing and supportive than male leaders.

False

High self-monitors tend to present consistent images of themselves regardless of the situation.

False

Implied verbal and nonverbal cues are least important when managers engage in cross-cultural communications.

False

Noise can occur only during the encoding and decoding steps of the communication process.

False

Nonverbal communication only includes elements related to personal characteristics.

False

Power and influence are essentially interchangeable terms.

False

Reward power is limited to material rewards such as pay or work assignments.

False

Strategic leadership may be seen as an extension of the transactional leadership role.

False

Strong organizational cultures are always better than weak organizational cultures.

False

The final step in the continuous change process model involves recognizing and defining a problem.

False

The first step of Lewin's model of planned change involves refreezing.

False

The purpose of organizational structure is to appeal to external competitors.

False

The results of arbitration are legally binding.

False

Training, motivation, and professionalism are among the group characteristics that may substitute for leadership.

False

Union-management relationships are a classic example of horizontal conflict.

False

When an organization's enacted values contradict its espoused values, new employees adopt the espoused values.

False

When mediating a conflict, you should ask leading questions.

False

Which of the following statements about feedback is FALSE?

Feedback can be written or oral, but not nonverbal.

Charismatic leadership may create which of the following ethical concerns?

Followers engage in inappropriate behaviors because of blind faith in the leader.

In a ____________, all functional activities are controlled by a product group at headquarters; local managers do not usually provide input into product decisions and are involved only in local administrative, legal, and financial affairs.

Global product division structure

Which source of individual resistance to change is grounded in the fact that it is easier to do a job the same way every day, and learning an entirely new set of steps makes the job more difficult?

Habit

A flatter, team-based structure is appropriate for firms that rely on

Highly skilled workers

_________ communication occurs when someone in an organization communicates with others at the same organizational level.

Horizontal

How much does corporate America invest in management development?

Hundreds of millions of dollars

In a _________ culture, if an employee asks a manager for a raise and the answer is no, the manager might explicitly say no.

Low-context

When a third party facilitates a discussion using persuasion and logic, suggests alternatives, establishes each side's priorities, and suggests a nonbinding settlement, the process is called

Mediation

The group of people born between 1980 and 2000 are called

Millennials

What term refers to work completed by traveling employees who use technology to communicate with the office as necessary from places such as client offices, airports, cars, and hotels?

Mobile Work

Which of the following is NOT a "tell" that someone is using impression management?

More hand gesturing

_________ is the process through which employees learn about their organization's culture.

Organizational socialization

All of the following are examples of body language EXCEPT

Shouting

In a ______________ culture, employee values and behaviors are consistent with the organization's values, and the culture is resistant to change.

Strone positive

Which of the following is a system-wide organization development involving a major restructuring of the organization or institution of new programs?

Structural change

Vroom's decision tree approach to leadership focuses on which aspect of leader behavior?

Subordinate participation in decision making

Formal communications CANNOT be which one of the following?

any of these can be formal communications

Which type of multinational organizational structure works best when both global integration and local responsiveness are needed?

global transnational division structure

Which of the following can act as a leadership neutralizer?

high group cohesiveness

The leader-member exchange model (LMX)

stresses the importance of variable relationships between supervisors and their subordinates.

A major difference between the behavioral approach and the LPC theory of leadership is that

the LPC theory contends a leader's effectiveness depends on the situation.